60Co-γ射线辐照处理对天竺葵、观赏椒种子发芽率及幼苗的影响

用60Co-γ射线辐照处理天竺葵、观赏椒种子,观察其发芽率和幼苗生长情况.结果表明:γ射线辐射对这2种观赏植物的发芽率和幼苗生长发育具有不同的影响.对天竺葵的发芽率有促进作用,但抑制幼苗生长;对观赏椒发芽率作用不显著,对幼苗前期生长有抑制作用.     

籼稻体细胞胚胎发生特异性蛋白质研究

以籼稻Oryza sativa L.subsp. indica品种“广陆矮4号”幼穗和种子为外植体，在含有2，4-D2.0mg/L的MS培养基上，分别形成胚性和非胚性愈伤组织，建立体细胞胚胎发生实验系统。应用Native/SDS双向凝胶电泳分析，结果表明，非胚性愈伤组织分化培养前后均存在一种分子量为45kD的非胚性蛋白质N1，另一种非胚性蛋白质N2（54kD）仅     

显性核不育油菜圆叶纯合两型系Gd1AB的选育

采用杂交、兄妹交和自交等育种手段，育成园叶显性纯合两型系Gd1AB。利用该两型系与花叶临保系进行全不育系制种，圆叶可作为苗期育性的指示性状，能有效地区别纯合两型系内可育株迟拔或漏拔而产生的杂株，从而提高全不育系的纯度。     

水稻与高梁属间远缘杂交花粉管行为观察

水稻和高粱是禾本科的两个异属作物,因其遗传距离较远,杂交表现不亲和,结实率极低,难以获得种子.为初步了解水稻与高粱属间远缘杂交花粉管行为,探索该远缘杂交的发生过程,本实验以籼稻珍汕97A×珍汕97B和Ⅱ-32A×Ⅱ-32B两个组合为对照,对珍汕97A×晋江多枝高粱和Ⅱ-32A×晋江多枝高粱两个属间远缘杂交组合的花粉管行为作初步的观察与研究,结果表明晋江多枝高粱花粉粒能象水稻花粉粒一样在水稻柱头上正常萌发,花粉管在花柱及子房中生长与伸长,有些能最终到达子房的基部;同时高梁花粉管生长也出现诸如不能进入花柱、胼胝质不规则堆积、花粉管末端钝化等一系列的异常表现,致使不少花粉管停滞生长.     

山西草地螟发生预测模糊近似推理模型

模糊近似推理方法是模糊集理论应用前景十分广泛的一种方法.我们用此法为山西草地螟发生预测建立了一个模糊近似推理模型,初步试用效果满意.本文在模型的预报输出中引用了特征展开近似推理方法,大幅度地简化了运算过程;并且使得模型可以带入较多的因素.     

克隆植物中国沙棘种群稳定性维持途径的探讨

中国沙棘属于阳性树种,因此有些学者将其视为群落演替过程中的先锋种群,而有些学者的研究表明它在自然状态下更新良好。近年来的研究进一步证明,中国沙棘能够依靠克隆生长所赋予生理整合和觅养行为等特性提高环境资源的利用效率以及自身的繁殖和生存有效性,通过林窗更新和林缘扩散等途径维持种群的稳定性和持久性。     

Is partial root-zone drying an effective irrigation technique to improve water use efficiency and fruit quality in field-grown wine grapes under semiarid conditions?

We investigated the effects of partial root-zone drying (PRD) applied at different periods on leaf water relations, vegetative development, fruit yield, must and wine quality in wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Monastrell) during a 3-year field experiment in order to determine the importance of the timing of PRD application on physiological and agronomical vine response under semiarid conditions. Two irrigation treatments were applied: conventional drip irrigation (CI) and PRD. Both treatments received the same annual water quantity. Each year the PRD treatment was applied at different periods of the growth cycle. In 1999 PRD was applied from veraison to harvest (end July–early September); in 2000 from fruit set to harvest (mid June–early September); and in 2001 PRD from budburst to harvest (mid April–early September). Leaf water relations and gas exchange during the experimental period were not significantly affected by PRD treatment. In 1999 and 2000 there was no significant treatment effect on vegetative development, yield or fruit quality. However, in 2001 (when PRD was applied from budburst to harvest), reproductive and vegetative development was clearly altered in PRD vines. Fruit set percentage and vegetative development (shoot length, pruning weight and primary and lateral leaf area) were significantly increased in PRD vines compared to CI. This resulted in both higher yield (kg per vine) (43%) and water use efficiency (40%) compared to CI vines. Berry number per cluster and cluster weight were also significantly increased in PRD vines. Notwithstanding higher yield in PRD vines and a similar berry size, the must and wine quality was not significantly altered, indicating a higher synthesis and accumulation of photoassimilates and metabolites in the berries of PRD vines. We conclude that there was an positive effect on vegetative and reproductive growth when long-term PRD was applied from the beginning of growing season (budburst), suggesting that early onset of PRD is desirable to intensify PRD response under these semiarid conditions. Nevertheless from these results we need to further investigate the long- and short-term effects of PRD, with moderate water amounts, on vegetative and reproductive development such as flowering and fruit set processes in wine grapes.     

北固山湿地野生虉草生物量的研究

对北固山湿地野生虉草的株高、茎高、叶龄、生物量等进行了研究,结果表明,虉草的株高和茎高的变化呈现出近“S”型的生长曲线,叶龄与株高和茎高均呈一元线性显著的正相关关系,生物量的变化与生育期关系密切。     

款冬叶片总黄酮提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

以款冬叶片为试材,采用微波辅助法提取总黄酮,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交实验法优化款冬叶片总黄酮提取工艺,同时以分光光度法测定提取物对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH·)、羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O-·2)的清除作用。结果表明:款冬叶片总黄酮最佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数70%,微波提取时间3 min,微波功率500 W,料液比1∶15 g·mL^-1,在该条件下,总黄酮的提取率为0.91%。款冬叶片总黄酮的质量浓度与抗氧化活性呈一定的线性关系,当总黄酮质量浓度为0.069 8 mg·mL^-1时,对DPPH·、·OH和O-·2的清除率分别达84.21%、84.10%和68.32%,表明款冬叶片具有良好的抗氧化能力,可作为天然的抗氧化剂进一步的开发和利用。     

超声波-微波协同法提取分蘖葱头有机硫化合物的工艺优化及其组分分析

以分蘖葱头为试材,采用超声波-微波协同法提取有机硫化合物,进行分蘖葱头有机硫化合物工艺优化试验,并利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对提取物组分进行分离鉴定,以期为进一步研究和开发分蘖葱头功能组分提供参考依据。结果表明:最佳提取工艺为微波温度55℃、料液比1∶8 g·mL^-1、协同时间6 min、搅拌转速300 r·min^-1、超声波功率500 W,该条件下有机硫化合物得率为0.2771%±0.0023%。该条件得到15种有机硫化合物,含量较高的是噻吩类39.0678%±0.0043%,其次是三硫化合物14.1570%±0.0071%和硫醚类7.3872%±0.0052%,其中含量相对较高的有机硫化合物为2,4-二甲基噻吩、3,5-二乙基-1,2,4-三硫杂环戊烷、二烯丙基二硫醚。