云南省巍山县集体商品林林权改革与松茸的人工促繁栽培技术

目前随着市场对松茸的需求越来越大,松茸价格持续上涨,但由于对松茸的掠夺式采摘和无序利用,使松茸天然资源不断下降,而且使松茸资源受到严重威胁。因此,做好集体林权改革,实施推广松茸的人工促繁栽培技术,是保护松茸资源和持续利用松茸的关键,从而实现松茸资源的有效保护和持续发展。     

松口蘑的驯化栽培及人工促繁

在国家松茸自然保护区建设的基础上 ,应用松茸窝理论阐述松口蘑驯化栽培和人工促繁的基本理论和基本方法。     

松口蘑 Tm-3 菌株的紫外诱变育种

对松口蘑(Tricholorna matsutake)Tm-3出发菌株进行紫外诱变处理，将茵丝体生长快且茂盛的诱变菌株进行初筛和复筛，比较茵丝体生长量和胞内多糖产量．筛选出诱变株Tm-3-21为胞内多糖发酵的优质菌株，其胞内多糖产量达0．67mg／mL，得率是9．41％，比出发菌株提高1．19倍。     

松茸生态调查及培养的初步研究

对我国云南禄丰,曲靖县和吉林延边地区松茸生态做了初步调查;研究了菌窝土壤,赤松木屑,红松木屑,松茸子实体等４种天然物质浸提液对松茸菌线生长的影响。结果表明：菌窝土壤及其浸提液都可以显促进松茸菌丝的生长,而２种木屑浸液不利于菌丝的生长。     

赤松菌根化育苗技术的研究

以赤松外生茵根菌种为试材,对茵根化育苗生产技术进行了研究.结果表明:在常规培养基(PDA中)中以加入20%的麦麸汁培养基效果最好;松茸茵的最佳培养温度是25℃,最适pH值是5.5;经松茸液体茵剂处理的赤松种子的出苗率比对照提高了32%;赤松茵根化育苗技术的实施使赤松接种苗比对照在株高、地径、干重等方面都有极其显著的提高,3项指标分别提高44.85%、31.3%和33.3%.     

洛巴伊口蘑栽培最适覆土厚度研究

通过试验分析不同覆土厚度对洛巴伊口蘑子实体产量的影响。结果表明,不同覆土厚度对洛巴伊口蘑幼蕾数、有效子实体数和产量均存在显著影响,其中以覆土厚度为3cm时,有效子实体数最多,产量最高,是洛巴伊口蘑栽培的最适覆土厚度。     

用AFLP分析珍稀食用菌—松茸遗传特性的初步研究

 采用 3对AFLP引物组合 ,研究了从四川省雅江县黄背高山栎林下采集的 10株松茸菌根菌基因组的遗传特性。结果表明 ,AFLP图谱能较好地反映测试菌株的遗传特性 ,10株供试菌间具有高度的遗传相似性 ;10株供试菌株全部在 90 %相似性处聚在一起 ;在 92 %相似性水平上被分为 3个群。AFLP扩增引物Eco + 1/Mse + 1、Eco +2 /Mse + 2及Eco + 3 /Mse + 3的最佳用量分别为 1pmol/ 5pmol、0 .6pmol/ 10pmol和 0 .1pmol/ 8pmol。     

Only two weeks are required forTricholoma matsutake to differentiate ectomycorrhizal Hartig net structures in roots ofPinus densiflora seedlings cultivated on artificial substrate

There has been conflicting debate over many years regarding the trophic status ofTricholoma matsutake (Ito et Imai) Sing., and further investigations are necessary to better understandT. matsutake physiology, particularly carbon nutrition, during ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. For this purpose, we developed a technique to rapidly synthesizein vitro ectomycorrhizas betweenPinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. andT. matsutake on artificial substrate (vermiculite: perlite: peat: beech sawdust; 5:5:1:1.), without added sugar in the nutrient solution. Only 1 week was required before the first rudimentary Hartig net ‘palmetti’ could be observed in roots. Well-developed Hartig net structures appeared in taproots after 2 weeks and in lateral roots after 3 weeks. Such rapid root infection may be attributed to the quality of the substrate and the inoculum used. This research was supported by a grant from the Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution (BRAIN).     

松茸的菌丝分离及纯培养研究

通过对松茸的组织分离、冷藏、培养条件进行研究，结果表明，子实体菌褶部位易于分离到松茸菌丝，子实体其它部位，菌根、菌窝土壤难于分离到菌丝。新鲜子实体是理想的分离材料，但低温保存６０ｄ的子实唯心论以菌丝。松茸菌丝在１８－５２℃下生长良好，２２℃为最适生长温度，ＰＨ值以４．５０－６．０较为适合，最适ＰＨ值为５．５     

Preliminary Analysis of Genetic Characteristics of Edible Fungus Tricholoma matsutcke Isolated from Yajiang, China, by AFLP Technique

A total of 10 Tricholoma matsutake strains isolated from Yajiang County, Sichuan Province of China were analyzed by using AFLP technique. The results showed that the genetic characteristics of Tricholoma matsutake strains can be properly revealed by AFLP, and among the 10 Tricholoma matsutake strains, the genetic aspects were very similar. At the level of 90 % similarity, all the strains collected together, and at the similarity of 92 %, three AFLP groups formed. Simultaneously, the effects of quantity of the primers on the second AFLP PCR were determined. The optimal quantity of Eco+1/Mse+ 1, Eco+2/Mse+2 and Eco+3/Mse+3 primer pairs used in the AFLP was 1 pmol/5 pmol, 0. 6 pmol/10 pmol and 0.1 pmol/8 pmol, respectively.