毒蘑菇菌株及毒素粗提液对樟子松枯梢病菌生长的影响

厚环鹅膏、鹅膏菌、珊瑚菌、白霜杯伞、冠状柄环菇、细鳞环柄菇、鳞柄白鹅膏、绒白乳菇、毒蝇鹅膏9个毒蘑菇菌株及毒素粗提液对樟子松枯梢病原菌菌丝生长影响的研究结果表明:除厚环鹅膏和鹅膏菌外,其他7个菌株对病原菌生长均有一定的抑制作用;鳞柄白鹅膏和细鳞环柄菇相对抑制效果最好,分别为10.80和10.40。除毒蝇鹅膏外,其他8个菌株的毒素粗提液对病原菌菌丝生长均有一定的抑制作用,珊瑚菌和绒白乳菇毒素粗提液的抑菌效果最好,抑菌率分别达到63.89%和58.89%。     

大丽轮枝菌粗毒素在棉花根冠细胞生物学测定方法上的研究

在棉花根冠细胞生物测定过程中,棉花黄萎病病菌通过提纯复壮而达到较强的侵染能力,并制备出较多的黄萎病菌粗毒素。介绍了粗毒素的简易制备、根冠细胞培养与制备过程以及染色过程中染色剂的选择、染色时间的长短。实验与传统方法相比有几点改进:总结出细胞振荡时间在1~2 min之内;之后黑暗条件下静置培养2~6 h;选用pH为6.5的0.01%中性红染色3~5 min,之后加入一滴0.2%伊文思兰染色,伊文思兰的染色时间应严格掌握在3min以内等,为根冠细胞测定方法的推广提供了一定的理论支持。     

Detection of Escherichia coli strains producing cytotoxic necrotizing factor type two (CNF2) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Sheep and rabbit antisera were produced against lysates of E. coli strain 711 (pVir). This K-12 strain carries the Vir plasmid which codes for Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor type 2 (CNF2). Immunoglobulin G (IgG) fractions of both immune sera were subsequently purified by a two-step precipitation method. To increase the specificity for CNF2, the sheep IgG preparation was extensively adsorbed against both a sonicated extract of isogenic K-12 strain 711 and intact phenol-treated cells of vaccine strain 711 (pVir). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect clinical isolates of E. coli producing CNF2, using the final preparations of rabbit and sheep IgG in a double sandwich technique. The results obtained with this CNF2-ELISA were compared to those obtained with the conventional HeLa cell cytotoxicity assay. The testing of 133 E. coli strains (49 CNF2 positive strains and 84 negative strains) resulted in no false-negative and no false-positive. Therefore, the CNF2-ELISA offers a good alternative to the HeLa cell culture assay for the detection of CNF2-producing strains where facilities for and experience with cell cultures is lacking.     

白菜黑斑病菌营养生长和毒素产生关系的初步研究

本文用７种天然汁液为营养探讨了白菜黑斑病菌分别在光照和黑暗,振荡和静止培养条件下菌丝生长速度,菌丝生长量和ＡＢ－毒素产生的关系。试验结果发现,白菜黑斑病菌在光照和振荡培养下菌丝生长速度快,菌丝生长量大;但ＡＢ－毒素的产生则需要黑暗和静止条件。可见,适合白菜黑斑病菌营养生长的条件却不利于ＡＢ－毒素的产生。     

玉米茎腐病菌致病因子对玉米超微结构的影响

玉米茎腐病菌(Fusariumgramimearum和Pythumaphanidermatum)在玉米活体内和活体外均能产生一系列具有明显致病作用的细胞壁降解酶和毒素。通过电子显微镜对分离出的细胞壁降解酶和毒素进行致病性观察。结果表明,细胞壁降解酶能降解玉米根细胞壁,毒素能损伤玉米胚根细胞膜及亚细胞器的结构。     

球孢白僵菌对昆虫致病机理的研究进展

从白僵菌的侵染途径、侵染过程及侵染过程中昆虫的形态学、生理学、生物化学方面的变化对白僵菌的致病机理进行了概述。     

玉米黄斑病菌产毒条件及毒素稳定性研究

玉米黄斑菌(Curvularia lunata)是一具有产毒作用的半知菌。通过试验表明,不同的培养条件菌丝体的产毒量不同,产毒以15～20 d达到高峰,产毒的适宜pH值为6,适宜温度15～20℃,并且黑暗和静止条件相对于光照和振荡条件产生毒素量较多;玉米黄斑菌毒素对热稳定,在黑暗条件下利于毒素保存。     

棉花黄萎病菌毒素对棉花生化代谢的影响

为明确棉花黄萎病菌毒素对棉花生化代谢的影响,采用棉花黄萎病菌毒素处理棉花黄萎病抗病和感病品种的棉苗后,测定棉株体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性以及丙二醛(MDA)和木质素含量的动态变化。结果表明,抗病品种陕7191对病菌毒素的抗性显著高于感病品种中棉19;接种毒素后2品种棉苗叶片SOD活性都降低,感病品种降幅高于抗病品种;感病品种POD活性升高较快,到达峰值后迅速下降,而抗病品种POD活性持续上升;2品种PAL活性变化趋势相似,接种后抗病品种活性始终高于感病品种;2品种MDA和木质素含量均增多,感病品种MDA含量的增幅和增量高于抗病品种。     

The Occurrence of Type A and B Trichothecenes in Lithuanian Cereals

Samples of winter wheat (n =84), winter rye (46) and barley (29) were collected from the larger family farms and from partnerships in Lithuania just after the 1998 harvest. The number of samples collected from each region was proportional to the amount of grain produced in it. The levels of the Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyl-DON, 15-acetyl-DON, nivalenol (NIV), fusarenon-X (4-acetyl-NIV), T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, 4,5-diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), 1,5-monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS) and scirpentriol in the grain were determined by gas chromatography with mass-selective detection (GC-MS). DON was most often detected in the wheat and rye samples and NIV in the barley samples. The concentrations found were lower than those causing acute or chronic toxic effects in livestock or humans. No fusarenon-X or 15-acetyl-DON was detected, and only small amounts of other trichothecenes were present. Climatic conditions in Lithuania in the summer of 1998 were slightly cooler and wetter than the average for the 1992-1996 but were close to the norm. Because the samples analysed were representative of grain produced for the market in seasons with normal weather, trichothecene contamination of grain from large family farms and partnerships would not be expected to be a problem in most years.