紫花苜蓿愈伤组织诱导及愈伤组织对酸铝耐性的评价研究(英文)

苜蓿是最重要的豆科牧草之一,多适应于中性至微碱性土壤,为能在南方低pH条件下大面积推广种植,利用地方品种提高苜蓿的酸铝耐性成为育种的主要目标之一。该研究以6个品质优良、具有潜在高产优质的紫花苜蓿引进栽培种和云南野生种德钦苜蓿为材料,利用细胞培养技术进行耐酸铝性的评价研究。结果表明:7个品种中,耐酸铝性水平依次为GT13R牧歌701=牧歌702AcroraAC-3射手2号=德钦苜蓿。     

非生物胁迫下转录因子增强植物抗性的研究进展

转录因子通过调控下游基因的表达来缓冲各种环境压力反应。其中AP2/EREBPL参与植物的细胞周期、生长发育、生物胁迫和非生物胁迫相关的基因的表达调控;MYB参与植物的细胞周期、细胞死亡、新陈代谢等响应;b ZIP基因参与植物种子贮藏相关的基因表达,控制光和发育的发生和器官形态建成等;NAC基因参与了植物激素信号传导和生长素通路。这些转录因子通过调控一系列基因的表达增强植物忍耐逆境胁迫能力。     

钠盐胁迫对5种白刺种子耐盐性影响对比分析

为治理盐碱地并了解白刺植物耐盐生理能力的差异,以5 种白刺植物种子和不同浓度的钠盐介质为试验材料,采用选种子消毒,再用温水浸泡种子24~48 h 吸水膨胀,培养箱种子培养等方法,施以不同浓度的NaCl 介质对5 种白刺植物种子发芽的影响程度进行研究。结果表明,不同钠盐浓度对5 种白刺种子的绝对发芽率、相对发芽率及发芽指数等指标产生不同影响,其中,钠盐浓度在0~10 g/L 时,5 种白刺种子的绝对发芽率与相对发芽率除西伯利亚白刺外,其余4 种的走势逐渐增大;钠盐浓度在10~25 g/L 时,5 种白刺种子的绝对发芽率与相对发芽率都逐渐降低的变化趋势。钠盐浓度在0~5 g/L 时,发芽指数都逐渐增大,而钠盐浓度在5~10 g/L 时,除盐生白刺、唐古特白刺逐渐增大外,其余3 种发芽指数逐渐降低,说明这2 种白刺的抗盐能力最强。通过对5 种白刺种子的耐盐性对比分析,进一步掌握白刺幼苗在不同浓度钠盐胁迫下的生长及生理响应,为干旱区盐碱地改良的生物措施和受损生态系统的植被恢复提供科学依据。     

玉米耐低钾特性的遗传效应分析

利用数量遗传学方法,在低钾土壤上研究耐低钾基因型玉米植株茎秆长度性状和苗期叶片耐性指数的遗传模型及其关系。结果表明：耐低钾基因改变了植株高度、穗上茎长和穗位高度的各遗传效应;在所有遗传效应中,降低玉米耐性的遗传效应占主导地位;玉米耐低钾特性受主效基因和微效基因控制;主效基因是由增强耐性和降低耐性的两种基因类型构成,其互作增加玉米耐性,微效基因及其互作降低耐性。     

澳大利亚红螯螯虾对水中氨氮浓度耐受性的研究

澳大利亚螯螯虾氨氮急性中毒试验的结果表明，在水温２１－２２℃，ｐＨ６．７－７．２时，该虾对水中氨氮浓度的耐受性为：４８小时的ＬＣ５０为１１８．０６ｍｇ／Ｌ，而且ＬＣ５０值随试验时间的延长而降低。     

三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)耐低盐的遗传力估计

应用数量遗传学原理和全同胞组内相关法估计三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)Ⅱ期幼蟹和80日龄稚蟹耐低盐性状的遗传力。实验中采用梭子蟹室内人工控制定向交尾方法,构建了32个全同胞家系,包括9个半同胞家系。测定Ⅱ期幼蟹和80日龄稚蟹在盐度11胁迫下的存活率分别为55%和64%,差异显著。利用SPSS软件的一般线性模型(GLM),计算存活率变量的方差组分,估计耐低盐性状的遗传力。基于全同胞方差组分分析显示,全同胞方差组分估计的遗传力是对三疣梭子蟹两个发育阶段狭义遗传力的无偏估计值,Ⅱ期幼蟹耐低盐遗传力为0.18,属于低度遗传力;而80日龄稚蟹耐低盐遗传力为0.20,属于低度遗传力。因此,家系选育方法更适于三疣梭子蟹耐低盐新品种培育。     

10个小麦品种耐光氧化测定

将离体的小麦叶片用透明的玻璃压板压入水中,置于自然光下,人为造成低氧、低二氧化碳的逆境,7d后通过测定叶绿素含量,比较发现:Pato和宁麦 3号的单位重量的叶片内叶绿素含量下降量较小;白江西和水里占下降量较大。以单位重量的叶片内叶绿素含量下降量为选择指标,筛选出的耐光氧化小麦材料与目测、聚类分析结果是一致的。     

BLP tolerance enhances phagocytosis of BMDMs by up-regulation of MARCO

AIM: To investigate the role of macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), class A scavenger receptor, in enhancing the phagocytosis of bacterial lipoprotein (BLP) tolerized macrophages. METHODS: Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) was differentiated and cultured. BLP-tolerized macrophages were induced by treating the BMDMs with BLP for 24 h while the naive BMDMs were unstimulated. The phagocytic capacities of BLP-tolerized BMDMs and the naive BMDMs were detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Meanwhile, the effect of BLP tolerance on MARCO protein and mRNA expression was assessed by flow cytometry and qPCR. Furthermore, the small interference RNA was applied to down-regulate the expression of MARCO, and the effect of MARCO on the phagocytosis was measured by flow cytometry and fluorescent technique. RESULTS: Compared with the naive BMDMs, a prominently larger quantity of bacteria was engulfed by BLP-tolerized BMDMs (P<0.05). In addition, the protein expression of MARCO significantly increased in BLP-tolerized BMDMs, and then the MARCO protein further increased after stimulated with bacteria. The mRNA level of MARCO was consistent with the protein. Moreover, after down-regulation of MARCO, the phagocytic capacity of BLP-tolerized BMDMs was noticed to decline conspicuously, indicating that the enhanced phagocytosis of BLP-tolerized BMDMs displayed a substantial correlation with the up-regulation of the MARCO expression on BLP-tolerized macrophages. CONCLUSION: BLP tolerance enhances the phagocytosis of BMDMs through the up-regulation of MARCO.     

蔬菜耐盐性鉴定方法研究进展

综述了国内外蔬菜耐盐主要鉴定指标以及目前应用的直接鉴定法、间接鉴定法和分子标记辅助选择鉴定法等主要耐盐性鉴定方法,并指出了蔬菜耐盐鉴定中存在的问题和研究方向。     

Screening Cultivars at Low Dissolved Oxygen Level for Water-seeded Rice

Abstract

Eighteen local varieties of japonica rice and two japonica rice varieties introduced from Japan were studied to collect the basic information on the relationship between the amylographic characteristics and eating quality. The materials were planted in the first and second crop seasons of 1998 in central Taiwan. The pasting behaviors including peak viscosity, hot-paste viscosity, cool-paste viscosity, breakdown viscosity, setback viscosity, consistency viscosity, pasting temperature and the time to reach peak viscosity were measured. The eating quality of rice was evaluated by trained panelists in terms of overall palatability score. All amylographic characteristics except for hot-paste viscosity and overall palatability score varied significantly between the first and the second crops and the interactions between crops and varieties were also significant for all characteristics. Teikeng 2, Teikeng 3, Teikeng 4, and Teikeng 9 showed higher overall palatability scores than the other varieties in the first crop, and Koshihikari and Teikeng 6 showed the best overall palatability in the second crop, respectively. The coefficient of variation was higher in the second crop than in the first crop except the time to reach peak viscosity. Setback viscosity showed the highest variation in all amylographic characteristics. The heritability estimate was also higher in the second crop than in the first crop with the exception of consistency viscosity. The highest heritability values were given for consistency and breakdown viscositites in the first and second crops, respectively. However, the lowest heritability value was given for the time to reach peak viscosity in both crop seasons. The close relationship among peak, hot paste, and cool paste viscosities was found for both crops. The highest correlation coefficient was found between peak and breakdown viscosities in both crops. A significant negative correlation between breakdown viscosity and setback viscosity was observed in both crop seasons. Likewise, peak viscosity had a significant correlation with setback viscosity in both crops. In the first crop, the palatability score was negatively correlated with pasting temperature (r=-0.43**) but positively correlated with the time to reach peak viscosity (r=0.36*). There was a positive correlation between palatability score and peak viscosity (r=0.33**) and a negative correlation between palatability score and setback viscosity (r=0.34**) in the second crop.