利用果胶酶改善烟梗内在品质的研究（英文）

[目的]为了降低烟梗中细胞壁物质的含量,改善烟梗的内在品质。[方法]利用果胶酶处理烟梗,降解其细胞壁物质,并对烟梗中4种细胞壁物质、6种常规化学成分和致香成分进行测定。[结果]果胶酶可有效降低烟梗中细胞壁物质的含量,最高下降幅度为6.84%;果胶酶处理后,烟梗中还原糖含量明显升高,总糖、钾离子、氯离子和总氮也都有不同程度地升高,且随着果胶酶浓度的升高,钾离子、还原糖含量呈上升趋势;果胶酶处理可明显提高美拉德反应产物的量,最高可增加67.2%,类胡萝卜素降解产物、苯丙氨酸降解产物和新植二烯也都有不同程度地提高,且随着酶浓度的升高,美拉德反应产物和苯丙氨酸降解产物的量都有升高趋势。[结论]果胶酶处理烟梗可有效降解其细胞壁物质,改善常规化学成分,并能提高烟梗中致香成分的含量。     

我国唯一的河流型奶水牛——槟榔江水牛的开发利用思考

综合介绍了水牛由奶、肉、役兼用向奶畜专用转变的发展趋势以及槟榔江水牛品种的形成及其培育、体型外貌特征、遗传学特征、生产性能、存在的问题等,并对该水牛品种的有效开发和利用提出了建议。     

切分蔬菜高压保鲜技术的研究进展及发展对策

切分蔬菜高压保鲜技术是一项高新技术。阐述了高压蔬菜保鲜的意义。介绍了高压蔬菜保鲜的特点、机理、设备及其研究进展，并对该项技术的发展提出了建议。     

Induction of antiviral resistance and stimulary effect by oligochitosan in tobacco

Oligochitosan was applied by spraying it on tobacco leaves for inhibition of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The maximum inhibition of TMV by oligochitosan was observed when inoculation occurred at 24 h after spraying 50 μg ml⁻¹ oligochitosan. The production of H₂O₂ and NO in epidermal tobacco cells induced by oligochitosan was investigated by epidermal strip bioassay and LSCM, using cell permeable fluorophore diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2D) and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (H₂DCF-DA), respectively. Epidermal tobacco cells treated with oligochitosan resulted in a strong increase of intracellular NO and H₂O₂. Oligochitosan and NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced the defense reaction against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity. Co-treatment of the tobacco cells with oligochitosan and NO scavenger CPTIO blocked the inducing resistance. The results indicated that the defense response induced by oligochitosan was connected with NO pathway.     

Need for flagella for complete virulence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci: genetic analysis with flagella-defective mutants ?fliC and ?fliD in host tobacco plants

The flagellins purified from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci induce a hypersensitive reaction in nonhost tomato cells. To investigate the role of flagella and flagellin in the compatible interaction, we generated two types of flagella-defective mutant. The fliC mutant lost the fliC gene that encodes flagellin protein, whereas the fliD mutant lost the fliD gene that encodes HAP2-capping protein. The two mutants had markedly reduced ability to cause disease symptoms in tobacco leaves. Furthermore, propagation of the mutants in tobacco leaves was less than that in wild-type pv. tabaci. Compared to the inoculation with wild-type pv. tabaci, inoculation with the two mutants did not markedly induce the expression of typical defense response-related genes such as PAL and hsr203J. Complementation of each fliC and fliD gene to the corresponding deficient mutant restored motility and virulence. These results indicate that flagella of P. syringae pv. tabaci are indispensable organelles for complete virulence on host tobacco plants.     

超表达枳β-淀粉酶基因(PtrBAM1)对烟草不同糖和有机酸的影响

利用气相色谱法测定低温处理下3个 PtrBAM1超表达烟草株系(F6、F11、F25)与两个对照组(空载1301和野生型WT)烟草中可溶性糖和有机酸的含量,旨在从改变植株糖酸含量的角度解析 PtrBAM1的抗寒功能。结果表明:正常条件下超表达株系的β-淀粉酶活性及果糖、蔗糖、柠檬酸、苹果酸和奎宁酸含量均显著高于对照,2℃低温处理6 h、1 d、3 d后超表达株系的β-淀粉酶活性、果糖含量均显著高于2个对照组。F6、F11、F25葡萄糖含量在6 h～1 d时有一个骤升的过程,而柠檬酸含量一直显著高于1301和WT,苹果酸和奎宁酸含量除1 d外,其他时间点含量均显著高于对照。由此可见, PtrBAM1在低温处理下可能通过改变糖酸代谢途径增强植株的抗寒性。     

烤烟优质高产栽培的生理基础研究 Ⅰ.烟草品种光温反应的发育特性研究

采用定日长与分期播种相结合的方法,研究了我国烟草现用主体品种的光、温反应的发育特性。结果表明:(1)较低温度可促进烟草花芽分化;(2)大多数品种对日长的反应不敏感,属日中性。另外,还研究了花芽分化的叶龄指标。     

烟草数量性状遗传距离的初步研究(云南省科委应用基础研究基金资助课题)

 利用多元分析法测定了25个烟草品种7个农艺性状的主成分遗传距离,并据之进行了聚类分析。在5.5聚类水平下,25个品种划归为6类,各类间性状差异明显,类内相似,这种分类在育种中可用作亲本选配,结果表明遗传距离是度量烟草品种遗传差异的一个有效参数,值得进一步研究。     

植物生长物质对烟草源库的作用

概述了植物激素和烟用生长调节剂对烟草源库分化、源库发育、源库强度、源库质量以及源库转换的主要作用.一些植物生长调节剂对改善源烟叶性状和提高库烟叶质量具有显著效果.     

烤烟新品种云烟85的引种试验

1997～1998年在安徽的亳州、固镇、明光、宣州、芜湖共5个市县对烤烟新品种云烟85进行了引种试验.结果表明:云烟85在亳州、固镇、宣州、芜湖4个试点的适应性强,烟叶的产量高、质量好、效益高,其主要经济性状和烟叶品质性状均优于NC89,可以大面积示范与推广,但应加强预防气斑病和黑胫病;云烟85在明光试点的适应性较差,不宜大面积推广.