无（微）损检测技术在木结构古建筑中的应用及发展

介绍了古建筑木构件勘查中常用的无（微）损检测技术,阐述了各种仪器工作原理、检测方法及其优缺点,其中包括皮罗钉、阻力仪、应力波和超声波检测设备。基于以上技术,结合古建筑木构件特点,提出仪器结合使用、构件分类检测、设备便携化以及以树种鉴定为基础的木结构古建筑无损评估体系。

Abstract：

Commonly used nondestructive inspection technologies involved in the survey of the wood structures of ancient buildings are introduced and the inspection methods,working principle,advantages and disadvantages of various instruments,including of pilodyn,re     

番木瓜组培种苗推广应用的几个关键技术问题

重点讨论番木瓜成龄侧芽外植体污染率高、不同品种继代培养基差异较大、继代苗易发生玻璃化、组培苗诱导生根困难等关键技术问题,并对今后番木瓜组培苗推广应用作了展望。     

非比例结构阻尼系统的振动控制

提出了一种非比例结构阻尼系统的振动控制方法.把模态阻尼矩阵分为对角阻尼矩阵和对角元素为零的非对角阻尼矩阵,将非对角阻尼矩阵视为小量,用摄动方法求解这个受控系统,可得到非比例阻尼系统的近似解析解,实现对非比例阻尼系统的振动控制.数值模拟说明此方法有较高的精度,可在土木工程高层结构的振动分析中应用.     

透光抚育对红松阔叶林群落结构与生产力的影响

采用样带网格调查方法和群落重要值分析方法，研究透光抚育（全透光、半透光、未透光）对红松阔叶混交林群落（人天混群落）的树种组成结构、径级分布、蓄积量和红松蓄积生产力的影响效果。结果表明：沿由小到大的透光强度，人天混群落中红松重要值依次增大（0．499～1．000），透光有利于人天混群落中红松优势地位增强；红松大径木比例依次增加（0．00％～54．0％），小径木比例依次减少（74．9％～2．7％），透光有利于人天混群落中红松大径木比例提高；群落蓄积量依次增加（60．2475～230．4051m^3／hm^2），红松蓄积生产力依次增加（1．2692～5．3603m^3／hm^2·a），透光有利于人天混群落蓄积量及红松蓄积生产力的提高。     

酸枣组培苗的生根及移栽研究

以酸枣组培苗为试材,研究了IBA不同浓度、茎段不同类型及刻伤与否等对生根的影响,并以蛭石、土、珍珠岩、沙子等为基本基质进行了移栽实验。结果表明:采用1/2MS培养基添加IBA1.0～1.5 mg/L,生根效果最好,平均生根率达83.2%～96.3%;带茎尖茎段的生根率显著高于不带茎尖茎段;茎段基部刻伤处理后较对照生根量明显增加;酸枣带根组培苗适宜的移栽基质为1:1的珍珠岩和土;5月份移栽下地的组培苗,其生长呈现慢-快-慢的趋势。     

热水溶出茧层丝胶蛋白的结构变化

对不同时间热水溶出的茧层丝胶的氨基酸组成、热分解温度和分子结构等进行了测定分析．结果表明，随着热水溶出时间的延长，茧层丝胶蛋白中的酸性氨基酸因易溶于水而略有下降，热分解温度因受取向性、结晶性的影响而有所增高，分子结构也由无规则卷曲转化为β构象．丝胶蛋白被降解而成分子大小不一的混合类型     

Bacterial community structure and microbial activity in different soils amended with biogas residues and cattle slurry

Anaerobic digestion of organic materials generates residues of differing chemical composition compared to undigested animal manures, which may affect the soil microbial ecosystem differently when used as fertilizers. This study investigated the effects of two biogas residues (BR-A and BR-B) and cattle slurry (CS) applied at rates corresponding to 70 kg NH₄⁺-N ha⁻¹ on bacterial community structure and microbial activity in three soils of different texture (a sandy, a clay and an organic clay soil). 16S rRNA genes were targeted in PCR reactions and bacterial community profiles visualized using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism. General microbial activity was measured as basal respiration (B-resp), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), specific growth rate (μ_SIR), metabolic quotient (qCO₂) and nitrogen mineralization capacity (NMC). Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis visualized shifts in bacterial community structure related to microbial functions. There were significant differences in bacterial community structure after 120 days of incubation (+20 °C at 70% of WHC) between non-amended (control) and amended soils, especially in the sandy soil, where CS caused a more pronounced shift than biogas residues. Terminal-restriction fragment (TRF) 307, the predominant peak in CS-amended sandy soil, was identified as possibly Bacillus or Streptococcus. TRF 226, the dominant peak in organic soil amended with BR-B, was classified as Rhodopseudomonas. B-resp significantly increased and SIR decreased in all amendments to organic soil compared with the control, potentially indicating decreased efficiency of heterotrophic microorganisms to convert organic carbon into microbial biomass. This was also reflected in an elevated qCO₂ in the organic soil. The μ_SIR level was higher in the sandy soil amended with BR-A than with BR-B or CS, indicating a shift toward species capable of rapidly utilizing glucose. NMC was significantly elevated in the clay and organic soils amended with BR-A and BR-B and in the sandy soil amended with BR-B and CS. Thus, biogas residues and cattle slurry had different effects on the bacterial community structure and microbial activity in the three soils. However, the effects of biogas residues on microbial activities were comparable in magnitude to those of cattle slurry and the bacterial community structure was less affected. Therefore, we do not see any reason not to recommend using biogas residues as fertilizers based on the results presented.     

不同密度对棉花群体冠层结构及微环境的影响

以湘杂棉8号为试材．对不同种植密度处理下棉花的叶面积、群体冠层内的温度、湿度及光分布的情况进行分析。结果表明：密度处理对棉花上述几项指标均有影响，从构建良好的群体结构角度看，以30000株，hm^2最佳，39000株，hm^2次之。建议鄱阳湖棉区最佳种植密度为30000—39000株，hm^2。     

影响平贝母愈伤组织生长诸因素的研究

研究了培养基种类、植物生长调节剂及光照条件对平贝母愈伤组织增殖及生长的影响.结果表明:在MS和B5培养基中,愈伤组织鲜重达最高值,但干重和鳞茎数在№培养基显著好于B5培养基,White,LS和N6培养基不适合于平贝母愈伤组织的培养.通过研究植物生长调节剂对愈伤组织生长的影响,发现在MS培养基中附加NAA 4.0 mg/L、NAA 2.0 mg/L BA 0.5 mg/L和2,4-D 2.0 mg/L BA 0.5 mg,/L的3个处理对愈伤组织生长效果较好.光照对愈伤组织增殖和生长有影响,在光暗交替培养条件下,愈伤组织增殖快,生长良好.     

三氟甲基侧取代氧、氮、硫杂大环化合物的合成和分子结构

合成了两个三氟甲基侧取代氧、氮、硫杂大环化合物（１、２），用ＩＲ、＾１ＨＮＭＲ、ＭＳ和元素分析作表征；用ＡＭ１方法计算了它们的电子结构，并根据计算结果给出了几何构型。