Genetic Diversity and Relationships of Japanese Peach (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus persica</Emphasis> L.) Cultivars Revealed by AFLP and Pedigree Tracing

To evaluate the genetic diversity and to clarify the genetic relationships of Japanese peach cultivars, we analyzed the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and traced the pedigree of 17 Japanese commercial peach cultivars and six traditional accessions. Sixteen AFLP primer combinations produced a total of 837 fragments and 146 polymorphic bands with a polymorphism percentage of 17.5%. All of the peach accessions could be identified from differences in at least 10 polymorphic bands. A cluster analysis showed that all the Japanese commercial peach cultivars, except ‘Kiyomi’ and ‘Jichigetsuto’, formed a major group consisting of three sub-groups. Of the six traditional accessions, four were genetically distant from the Japanese commercial peach cultivars while two accessions from China were classified into the Japanese commercial peach cultivars group. Both the AFLP analysis and pedigree tracing suggested that Japanese commercial peach cultivars are mainly derived from ‘Shanhai Suimitsuto’, one of the traditional accessions from China. Although the genetic relationships revealed by AFLP were generally in agreement with those shown by the pedigree information, some contradictions were found. Combining the AFLP results and pedigree information can provide a better understanding of the genetic relationships of Japanese peach cultivars.     

桃快速繁殖技术体系的研究

桃采用试管苗组织培养快繁 ,以 0 .1%HgCl2 +0 .0 1%吐温消毒早春室内萌芽材料 ,6min就可达到较好的消毒效果。在MS培养基内附加 6-BA 1.0mg/L和NAA 0 .0 5mg/L ,茎芽繁殖系数较高 ,苗粗壮 ;以 1/2MS +0 .4mg/LNAA生根效果较好。     

天津市不同污染梯度树木吸滞重金属及硫能力分析

以天津市主要绿化树种为研究对象,对叶片中重金属元素和硫含量进行了分析。结果表明:各研究区域内重金属污染程度为:昆仑桥(市区)水上公园(近郊公园区)蓟县(远郊园林区)杨柳青庄园(远郊风景区),随着市中心到远郊污染程度降低,不同区域各树种叶片吸滞重金属程度也随之降低,4个区域树木叶片吸滞污染元素排序大致均为:SAsPbCuCrCd;在昆仑桥柳树对各元素的吸滞能力均比较强,槐树吸滞As和Cr能力较强,杨树吸滞Pb和Cr能力较强,白蜡吸滞Cu和As能力较强;水上公园桧柏吸滞Cd和Cr能力较强,龙柏吸滞Cd和As能力较强,白蜡对Pb和Cu吸滞能力较强,柳树对S吸滞能力较强,雪松对各种元素的吸滞能力较强,杨树吸滞各元素能力相对较弱;杨柳青庄园桧柏吸滞Cr能力较强,雪松和龙柏吸滞Pb能力较强,杨树对Cd和Cu吸滞能力较强,杜仲对As和S吸滞能力较强;蓟县雪松吸滞Cr的能力较强,杨树吸滞Cd,S和Cu的能力较强,柳树对各元素的吸滞能力均较强,龙柏对各元素吸滞能力均相对较弱。     

天津市农科院“十一五”科研项目回顾与展望

文章介绍了天津市农业科学院"十一五"期间在国家级、市级支撑类项目、基础类研究项目和转化推广类项目中取得的成绩,指出了在各类别科研项目发展、学科建设等方面存在的问题,并对未来科研立项提出了加大对基础研究类项目的投入力度、争取在重点重大项目的数量和质量上有所突破、提高主持国家级项目的能力和促进科研成果的及时高效转化等建议,以期为天津市农科院在"十二五"期间争取农业科研项目提供借鉴。     

桃园生草研究进展

桃园生草是一种先进的桃园土壤管理模式.介绍了桃园生草的意义及生草方式,综述了桃园生草对土壤、微域气候、桃树生长发育、病虫草害的影响,总结了桃园生草存在的主要问题.桃园生草可以提高土壤肥力,改善土壤物理性状,平缓土壤温度变化,增加土壤微生物种类和数量,提高土壤酶活性,改善微域气候,提高果实品质,减轻病虫草害的发生.     

天津市复垦地土壤汞元素的研究

[目的]为了研究天津市南部地区复垦地土壤汞元素的含量特征,促进土地复垦工作的进一步开展。[方法]建立了8个工作区,配套采集复垦地、残留建设用地、周边农用地的耕层土壤及土壤剖面,并且进行相关研究。[结果]复垦地土壤汞元素普遍低于周边农用地。农用地汞元素含量与农业生产关系密切。复垦地土壤剖面含量规律性不强,与周边农用地土壤剖面差异很大。[结论]应减少污水灌溉,使用重金属含量低的肥料,防止复垦地土壤汞元素的累积。     

The Control Efficiency of Plant Alcohol Extracts on the Laboratory Populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer)and Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach)

The effects of semiochemicals extracted from 63 species of plants, on peach aphid (Myzus persicae) and mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi), were studied in laboratory. The deterrent rate, reproduction deterrent index and the interferential index of population control (ⅡPC) was used to evaluate the efficiency of semiochemicals on population control of the two target aphids. The results showed that the extracts of 34 species of common plants have noticeable effect on both aphid populations, especially, Xanthium sibiricum Petr.Et Widd. and Syngonium podophyllum Schott. These plant extracts could be used to construct the plant protectant to protect crops.     

1951～2008年天津市气候季节变化特征及其对农业的影响

利用天津市1951～2008年的逐日气象资料分析了该市各气候季节的长度及初日变化及其对天津农业的影响。结果表明,50多年来,天津市各季节的长度及初日均发生了明显变化,主要表现为：冬季缩短,夏季延长;入冬推迟,入春、入夏提前。气候变暖导致天津市气候季节出现较大调整,对农作物播种时间、播种面积、产量及病虫害等均产生了重要影响。     

8种不同类型果袋对‘岱妃’桃果实品质的影响

选用8种不同类型果袋对‘岱妃’桃进行套袋处理,研究了套袋对果实大小、内在品质和果皮色差的影响。结果表明,套单层黑色无纺布袋的果实单果重最大,套双层外黄内黑纸袋的果实内在品质较好,套双层外黄中黑里红纸袋的果实色差最好。综合各项指标,双层外黄内黑纸袋是8种果袋中最适合‘岱妃’桃套袋的袋型。     

桃需冷量遗传特性的研究

对桃的９个杂交组合４６３株杂种实生苗需冷量进行测定,统计结果表明：桃需冷量是由多基因控制的,Ｆ＿１需冷量平均值较亲中值短,不同组合偏离程度不同,南山甜桃、红日、玛丽维拉、白凤、大久保需冷量育种值分别为１５９、２１６、３１９、８３１、８３４ｈ,遗传传递力分别为７９%、５４%、９２%、８３%、９３%。需冷量的遗传力为８９．６９%。萌芽开花与需冷量密切相关。