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41.
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A recent survey of insecticide resistance in two of the most problematic pests in UK glasshouses revealed some new developments. At least some individuals in all UK samples of Trialeurodes vaporariorum that were tested resisted the insect growth regulator (IGR) buprofezin. The most strongly resistant strains were unaffected by the field application rate of this compound, and even samples from populations that had never been exposed to buprofezin contained individuals that survived the highest concentration applied (10,000 mg litre-1). The field rate of buprofezin was shown to select for resistance through vapour action alone. The benzophenylurea teflubenzuron, an unrelated IGR, was cross-resisted by buprofezin-resistant individuals. There was no evidence of resistance to imidacloprid, but all T vaporariorum strains tested, regardless of origin, exhibited a high innate tolerance to nicotine, when compared with another whitefly species, Bemisia tabaci. Marked resistance to fenbutatin oxide and tebufenpyrad was found in single glasshouse populations of Tetranychus urticae, but these compounds and abamectin appeared to remain highly effective against all other strains collected. 相似文献
43.
不同药剂对山楂叶螨的亚致死效应 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
在室内采用叶碟饲养的方法,利用生命表技术研究了四螨嗪、阿维菌素、甲氰菊酯及三唑锡对山楂叶螨的亚致死效应.结果表明,在成虫期,LC10、LC25剂量的阿维菌素、甲氰菊酯及三唑锡可使成螨的产卵量显著降低,除甲氰菊酯LC10外,其余处理可使次代种群的内禀增长率(rm)由0.173降低至0.133~0.167;在若螨Ⅰ期,LC10、LC25剂量的阿维菌素可使rm由0.237降低至0.197~0.199;甲氰菊酯LC10对雌螨的产卵有明显的刺激作用,rm由0.237提高到0.259,而LC25则无明显影响;在卵期,四螨嗪LC10对rm无明显影响,但LC50、LC25可使rm由0.173降低至0.149~0.154. 相似文献
44.
45.
为比较二倍体及其同源四倍体木薯叶片之间的差异,本试验以木薯华南205、南植199的二倍体及其同源四倍体植株为材料,测定其叶片形态结构和逆境生理指标,鉴定其抗螨性,并进行相关性分析。叶片形态结构和生理指标测定结果表明,木薯同源四倍体的叶片厚度、中裂叶宽、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅海比、下表皮厚度、下角质层厚度、单宁含量、多酚氧化酶以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性均高于其二倍体,中裂叶长、叶形指数、气孔密度和丙二醛含量均低于其二倍体。抗螨性鉴定结果发现,木薯同源四倍体的抗螨性均强于其二倍体。相关性分析结果表明,螨害指数与叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、下表皮厚度、下角质层厚度、多酚氧化酶活性以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性呈极显著负相关,与单宁含量呈显著负相关,与气孔密度、丙二醛含量呈显著正相关。本研究为木薯倍性育种、抗性育种工作提供了科学依据。 相似文献
46.
为初步探究生氰糖苷降解途径2个基因α-HNL和β-glu在木薯品种对二斑叶螨抗性中的作用,本研究以抗螨木薯品种‘C1115’‘缅甸’‘SC9’和感螨木薯品种‘SC205’‘面包’‘BRA900’为材料,分析木薯生氰糖苷降解途径基因及其编码的生化酶在二斑叶螨取食木薯品种不同部位叶片(上部、中部和下部)不同时间后(1、4 d)的表达量及酶活性的变化情况。结果表明,α-HNL在感螨木薯品种上部和中部叶片中的表达量随螨害时间的延长而显著降低;在抗螨木薯品种的不同部位叶片中,α-HNL的表达量均随螨害时间的延长而显著升高,并且以中部和下部叶片的升高趋势更为显著。β-glu在抗、感螨木薯品种不同部位叶片中的表达量均很低,难以比较该基因的表达量在不同木薯品种、不同部位叶片受螨害后的变化情况,但在能检测到的少量样品当中,抗螨木薯品种的占比也多于感螨木薯品种。进一步进行酶活性分析结果表明,抗螨木薯品种受螨害后,随着时间的延长,降解途径基因α-HNL编码的α-HNL酶活性呈逐渐升高或维持不变的趋势,并且以中部和下部叶片的升高趋势更为显著,而在感螨木薯品种中,随着螨害时间的延长,α-HNL酶活性则呈逐渐降低或先升高后降低的趋势;β-glu基因编码的β-GLU酶活性在不同木薯品种中均呈较低的水平,这可能与其对应编码的基因表达量低有关,但总体而言,降解途径2个基因编码的降解酶α-HNL和β-GLU在抗螨木薯不同叶片组织中的活性总体上也显著高于感螨木薯。本研究初步揭示了不同木薯品种受螨害不同时间后,生氰糖苷降解基因和酶可能与木薯对二斑叶螨的抗性有关。 相似文献
47.
Zhenguo YANG Daoyan XIE Aisi DA Xiujun JIANG Jing NI Ping HUANG Jianping CHAI 《农业科学与技术》2014,15(12):2159-2163
[Objective]This study was conducted to obtain a new high-efficiency acaricide mixture.[Method]The synergism acaricidal of diafenthiuron and fenbutatin-oxide against carmine spider mite was investigated,and the optimal ratio of both acaricides were determined by means of co-toxicity factors and co-toxicity coefficients(CTC).[Result]At 24 h post-treatment,the LC50values of diafenthiuron and fenbutatin-oxide against T.cinnabarinus female adults were 154.67 and 93.26 mg/L,respectively,and the synergistic mass ratios of diafenthiuron and fenbutatin-oxide ranged from 1:0.06 to 1:0.87,and the optimal diafenthiuron-to-fenbutatin-oxide ratio was 1:0.39 with the LC50and CTC of 67.87 mg/L and 188.93(CTC significantly above 100 strongly indicated synergism),respectively,and the toxicity relative to diafenthiuron and fenbutatin-oxide was 2.28 and 1.37 times,respectively.[Conclusion]The joint acaricidal action of diafenthiuron and fenbutatin-oxide strongly indicates synergism.These findings proved scientific theoretical basis for mixing diafenthiuron and fenbutatin-oxide to control spider mites and developing a new synergisic acaricide. 相似文献
48.
O. M. B. De Ponti 《Euphytica》1978,27(2):435-439
Summary For several generations subpopulations of the twospotted spider mite were reared on cucumber varieties previously selected as partially resistant. Subsequently resistance tests were carried out in the laboratory and the glasshouse with mites from these subpopulations and concurrently with mites from a basic population reared on a susceptible cucumber line. In these tests neither acceptance nor net reproduction or damage index on the partially resistant varieties depended on the kind of mite populations used as inoculum. Therefore it is concluded that the resistance is genuine. The stability of the resistance is discussed. 相似文献
49.
O. M. B. de Ponti 《Euphytica》1977,26(3):641-654
Summary The relationship between the twospotted spider mite and cucumber has been studied on plants and on leaf disks of a number of varieties with different levels of resistance. Existing laboratory tests are critically discussed and it appears that they are only reliable if many factors are taken into account. A new, more efficient laboratory test for resistance, measuring acceptance and reproduction is described. 相似文献
50.
Summary The inheritance of resistance to the twospotted spider mite and of bitterness in cucumber has been studied in three sets of P1, P2, F1, F2, B11 and B12 of crosses between three bitter, resistant lines and one non-bitter, susceptible line. Resistance to the twospotted spider mite as measured by acceptance and oviposition appeared to be determined by several to many genes, which are inherited mainly in an additive fashion. Bitterness is basically governed by the gene Bi, which, contrary to earlier reports, is inherited in an intermediary way, while the expression of Bi is influenced by additively inherited intensifier genes. Whereas Bi and the bitterness intensifier genes are not related to the resistance factors acceptance and oviposition, they are related to resistance or tolerance as measured by the damage index. This relation is explained by linkage rather than by identity of the genes concerned. Changes in the test methods and breeding consequences are discussed. 相似文献