青土湖水面形成对区域典型植被分布的影响

腾格里沙漠与巴丹吉林沙漠在石羊河尾闾湖——青土湖区域逐渐形成合围之势,因此向青土湖输水和形成水面对促进区域植被恢复和环境整治具有重要意义。利用2010、2011、2013年不同年份的高分辨率遥感影像资料和研究区的调查资料,通过面向对象分类遥感分类方法对水面和植被类型面积进行了统计分析。结果表明：连年输水形成叠加效应,人工水面面积成倍增加,区域地下水位快速上升。随着水面的形成与变化,芦苇(Phragmitesaustralis)趋水分布,但连片分布格局滞后于水面形成,临接水域的白刺(Nitrariatangutorum)大面积消失。人工水面影响区域生态环境,导致区域典型植被面积随之变化。     

基于bchY的内蒙古2个盐碱湖中不产氧光合细菌多样性的分析

为进一步了解和认识APB及其在盐碱湖中的生态功能及其作用机制,通过构建和分析不产氧光合细菌bchY基因克隆文库,揭示其中不产氧光合细菌的多样性、群落结构及其与生存环境的关系。样品采自内蒙古浑善达克沙地盐碱度较高的扎格斯台和达格淖2个湖的水样,提取了样品总DNA。以bchY作为检测APB的通用标记,用PCR扩增方法构建了其bchY文库,并对扩增产物进行了测序与系统发育分析。结果表明,达格淖湖和扎各斯台湖均为富营养化盐碱湖,且两湖盐度相差很大。利用bchY文库中核酸序列对应的氨基酸序列进行分析,两文库覆盖度均达93.0%以上,代表性较强,共得到108条bchY编码的氨基酸序列,以cutoff=0.03和0.12分别在种和属水平进行同源性和系统发育分析,在cutoff=0.03分为17个OTUs。两湖的多样性指数(Shannon-Weaver和Simpson)和均匀度指数(Evenness)较接近,其种群多样性程度和均匀程度比较相似,但二者的Chao1都不太高,说明两湖APB的多样性较低,种群不丰富。达格淖湖的Margalef指数较高,说明前者物种数目比后者多。两湖的不产氧光合细菌均属Alphaproteobacteria纲,最优势菌群均为Roseibacterium elongatum。同源性及系统发育性分析表明,达格淖湖和扎各斯台湖中不产氧光合细菌的主要类型为AAPB-like类群、多样性低。     

隋唐五代时期太湖流域水网平原的农业景观研究

乡土景观的研究对于维护区域、国土景观,保持地域性差异具有十分重要的意义。乡土景观很大程度上表现为农业景观,包括农田水利、作物种植和生产工具等方面。笔者以太湖流域水网平原地区为研究对象,以隋唐五代为研究时期,研究这里农业景观的形成和发展过程,挖掘出古代人类许多朴素的智慧,为当下和未来提供参考。     

The ‘killer shrimp’ Dikerogammarus villosus (Crustacea,Amphipoda) invading Alpine lakes: overland transport by recreational boats and scuba‐diving gear as potential entry vectors?

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Conservation of a permanent hypersaline lake: management options evaluated from decadal variability of Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes microbial mats

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杂交青虾“太湖1号”与日本沼虾耗氧率与窒息点比较

在水温21.5~23.0℃、pH 7.3的条件下,对平均规格分别为1.03±0.14、1.03±0.13、1.04±0.14和1.04±0.15 g/尾的杂交青虾"太湖1号"F1、F2、F3与日本沼虾进行耗氧率和窒息点的测定和比较。结果显示:①杂交青虾"太湖1号"F1、F2的耗氧率夜间高于白天,其变化符合虾类的昼夜节律性,而杂交青虾"太湖1号"F3与日本沼虾的耗氧率却是白天高于夜间。②试验虾的平均耗氧率与窒息点从低到高的排列为:F1F2日本沼虾F3。杂交青虾"太湖1号"F1代的生理机能显著优于日本沼虾,这一优势能保持到F2。     

If Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus is ‘the most diverse vertebrate’, what is the lake charr Salvelinus namaycush?

Teleost fishes are prominent vertebrate models of evolution, illustrated among old‐world radiations by the Cichlidae of East African Great Lakes and new‐world radiations by the circumpolar Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. Herein, we describe variation in lake charr S. namaycush morphology, life history, physiology and ecology, as another example of radiation. The lake charr is restricted to northern North America, where it originated from glacial refugia and diversified in large lakes. Shallow and deepwater morphs arose in multiple lakes, with a large‐bodied shallow‐water ‘lean’ morph in shallow inshore depths, a small‐bodied mid‐water ‘humper’ morph on offshore shoals or banks, a robust, large‐bodied moderate to deep‐water ‘redfin’; morph and a large‐bodied deep‐water ‘siscowet’ morph at depths > 100 m. Eye position, gape size, and gillraker length and spacing adapted for feeding on different‐sized prey, with piscivorous morphs (leans, siscowets and presumably redfins) reaching larger asymptotic size than invertivorous morphs (humpers). Lean morphs are light in colour, whereas deepwater morphs are drab and dark, although the pattern is reversed in dark tannic lakes. Morphs shift from benthic to pelagic feeding at a length of 400–490 mm. Phenotypic differences in locomotion, buoyancy and lipid metabolism evolved into different mechanisms for buoyancy regulation, with lean morphs relying on hydrodynamic lift and siscowet morphs relying on hydrostatic lift. We suggest that the Salvelinus genus, rather than the species S. alpinus, is a diverse genus that should be the subject of comparative studies of processes causing divergence and adaptation among member species that may lead to a more complete evolutionary conceptual model.     

Quantifying the ecological niche overlap between two interacting invasive species: the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and the quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis)

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中国湖泊和水库渔业资源发展利用存在的问题及其出路

对中国湖泊和水库渔业资源发展利用存在的问题进行了探讨。为了使湖泊和水库的渔业资源得到持续发展利用,必须加强渔政管理,保护渔业环境,合理捕捞,采取增、养殖并举和局部水域的施肥与“三网养鱼”结合的综合措施。     

Finnish lake fisheries and conservation of biodiversity: coexistence or conflict?

The conservation of biodiversity in aquatic habitats has become an increasingly important challenge in the management of water resources. In addition to the complexity of the lake fishery and the management structure, the popularity of gill net fishing, in particular, has brought problems when re-establishing populations of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), collecting genetically sustainable numbers of spawners of the land-locked salmon, Salmo salar m. sebago (Girard), and increasing the population of the Saimaa ringed seal, Phoca hispida saimensis (Nordq.) to a sustainable level in the Vuoksi watercourse, south-east Finland. The attitudes towards protection among the users and other interested parties vary. In order to enhance the coexistence of the lake fishery and endangered species over large water areas, improved institutional linkages are needed among the local, regional and governmental levels of the fragmented decision-making regime. Environmental interests should also be integrated into the communication structure.