优质鲜食夏大豆新品种“通豆6号”的选育

采用系统育种方法,育成大荚大粒、高产、优质、综合性状优良的鲜食夏大豆新品种“通豆6号”。从播种至采收青荚约97d,标准荚数364．3个／kg,二粒荚长5．72cm,宽1．34cm,鲜籽百粒重70．2g,出仁率52．3％。江苏省鲜食夏大豆区域试验平均鲜荚产量8647．1kg／hm2,2005年比对照“绿宝珠”增产23．4％,2006年比对照“南农菜豆5号”增产12．5％;平均鲜籽产量4492．3kg／hm2,2005年比对照“绿宝珠”增产21．7％,2006年比对照“南农菜豆5号”增产19．1％。江苏省鲜食夏大豆生产试验平均鲜荚产量12500．8kg／hm2,比对照“南农菜豆5号”增产15．6％,平均鲜籽产量6750．0kg／hm2,比对照增产26．9％。该品种适宜江苏及长江中下游地区作鲜食夏大豆种植。     

中国野生种葡萄及种间杂种VvmybA1基因型和表达分析

【目的】检测中国野生种葡萄以及山欧杂交品种VvmybA1基因型,并对不同材料VvmybA1基因序列进行比对分析,通过对山欧杂种VvmybA1的基因型和表达分析,揭示白色杂交品种‘熊岳白葡萄’果皮无花色苷合成的分子机理。【方法】设计特异性引物,在DNA水平上利用分子克隆手段和绝对荧光定量PCR方法,检测葡萄属的不同样品VvmybA1基因型。采用相对荧光定量PCR手段,对山欧杂交品种果实转色过程中VvmybA1和UFGT的表达量进行分析。【结果】①检测的中国野生种葡萄材料不存在VvmybA1a等位基因;②与欧亚种葡萄相比,中国野生葡萄VvmybA1基因在启动子、内含子以及第三个外显子区域存在不同程度碱基的缺失、插入和替换,表现出丰富的遗传多样性。而且许多野生种葡萄VvmybA1基因的内含子、外显子和启动子区域存在一些特有序列或突变,这些位点可筛选作为鉴别葡萄种和品种的分子标记;③在‘公酿1号’、‘北红’、‘熊岳白葡萄’等山欧杂交葡萄品种以及分类地位未定的‘宿晓红’葡萄中检测到VvmybA1a等位基因,并且‘熊岳白葡萄’为VvmybA1a纯合类型;④RT-PCR分析结果表明,在葡萄果皮转色过程中,‘公酿1号’葡萄果皮VvmybA1和UFGT的表达量增加,然而在‘熊岳白葡萄’果实成熟期未检测到VvmybA1和UFGT 的表达。【结论】证明VvmybA1a等位基因是欧亚种葡萄以及其杂交种独有的基因型,不存在于中国野生种葡萄中,推测‘宿晓红’葡萄具有欧亚种葡萄血缘;葡萄属不同种的VvmybA1基因序列比对分析揭示,山欧杂交品种‘熊岳白葡萄’果皮不能合成花色苷是由于VvmybA1a纯合,VvmybA1不表达。     

柳州巨峰冬葡萄干红葡萄酒酿造工艺研究

柳州巨峰葡萄发展迅速,但是,由于市场对鲜葡萄需求将逐渐饱和,葡萄生产效益逐渐下降。为了稳定葡萄的发展,提高葡农的经济效益,研究以柳州巨峰冬葡萄为原料,通过分析比较不同类型巨峰葡萄和赤霞珠葡萄的果实特性,明确巨峰冬葡萄的果实特点,针对其特点研究巨峰冬葡萄干红葡萄酒的酿造工艺。     

Survey of Nutrient Status in Vitis vinifera Grapes in North Carolina

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) production is a rapidly growing industry in North Carolina; however, no local-research-based information is available to support nutrient-management decisions. Field studies were initiated to survey soil and plant nutrient status over a wide range in geography and management conditions in the dominant V. vinifera regions in North Carolina. While the survey data are still being analyzed, significant information was initially obtained to identify aluminum toxicity and phosphorus and potassium deficiency as potential limiting factors to vine health and productivity. Field studies were initiated to quantify soil test and plant nutrient responses to lime, phosphorus, and potassium rates. Responses to phosphorus and potassium application were observed at most sites predicted by soil tests. However, lime responses were not observed in either petiole or blade samples collected at full bloom or veraison. These studies will be continued until sufficient response data are collected to establish soil test and plant nutrient diagnostic criteria for efficient nutrient management of V. vinifera in North Carolina.     

二氧化碳辅助发酵葡萄的干制和发酵工艺优化

为了开发经发酵前处理的新型葡萄干产品,该文以新鲜葡萄为原料,以发酵后葡萄总酚质量浓度与平均干燥速率为指标,在单因素试验基础上,利用正交试验设计对发酵葡萄的最佳发酵工艺条件进行了优化。利用福林酚法测定总酚质量浓度,用热风干燥箱进行干燥并测定平均干燥速率。结果表明:二氧化碳发酵葡萄的最佳工艺条件为:压强0.14MPa、温度36℃下发酵72h。该条件下的葡萄总酚质量浓度和平均干燥速率综合值可达最大,分别比不经处理的葡萄高48.3%和44.6%。说明二氧化碳发酵葡萄干是一种富含高总酚含量的新型产品,二氧化碳发酵后再干燥也是一种具有应用价值的新型干制工艺。     

贺兰山东麓砂质酿酒葡萄园土壤水分分布研究

针对贺兰山东麓砂质酿酒葡萄园漏水漏肥,水分利用率低等问题,采用田间试验,分别设置沟灌、单管滴灌和双管滴灌的方式,研究土壤水分分布及葡萄需水规律,从而制定适宜的灌溉制度。结果表明,沟灌水分下渗基本在70cm内的根系分布层,灌溉后期含水率低,灌溉周期为13d;双管滴灌水平侧渗区域主要集中在20～45cm的葡萄毛根活动区域,垂直入渗在在60cm根系分布区内,灌溉周期为9d;单管滴灌垂直下渗速率高于侧渗速率,灌溉周期为7d。单管滴灌方式便于大规模的葡萄机械化管理,最佳水分管理方式为增加单次灌溉时间让单次灌水量达到450m3/hm2。     

不同品种葡萄渣对苜蓿青贮品质和有氧稳定性的影响

为探究不同品种葡萄渣对紫花苜蓿蛋白水解和有氧稳定性的影响,采用“甘农四号”紫花苜蓿作为青贮原料,分别添加马尔贝克(MC)、美乐(MT)、蛇龙珠(CG)3个品种葡萄渣50、100和150 g·kg^-1调制青贮饲料。试验共设置10个处理组,对苜蓿青贮后发酵品质、蛋白组分、蛋白质降解酶、微生物数量及有氧稳定性进行测定及分析。结果表明:3种葡萄渣在100和150 g·kg^-1的添加量下,均显著降低了青贮pH值(P<0.05);非蛋白氮含量随葡萄渣添加量增加而下降,以马尔贝克150 g·kg^-1最低,为430.25 g·kg^-1;添加葡萄渣降低了青贮中氨态氮含量,但添加量的变化对氨态氮含量影响不明显;美乐150 g·kg^-1对青贮羧基肽酶抑制作用最强,酶活性由17.56 μmol·h^-1下降至6.51 μmol·h^-1;葡萄渣增加了青贮发酵后乳酸菌数量,且抑制了霉菌的生长,蛇龙珠150 g·kg^-1乳酸菌数量最高,对照霉菌数量为3.02 log₁₀ cfu·g^-1,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);3种葡萄渣均减缓了青贮有氧暴露阶段霉变腐败速度,其中美乐150 g·kg^-1处理组有氧腐败所用时间最长。综上所述,不同品种葡萄渣均能改善苜蓿青贮发酵品质,抑制蛋白酶活性,减少青贮蛋白水解程度,并提高了苜蓿青贮有氧稳定性。     

叶面喷施不同浓度镁肥对酿酒葡萄光合特性、 产量及浆果品质的影响

为筛选出适宜酿酒葡萄的叶面喷施镁肥浓度,为酿酒葡萄科学管理提供技术支撑和理论指导,以7年生酿酒葡萄'赤霞珠'(Cabernet Sauvignon)为研究对象,在常规施肥的基础上,分别设置叶面喷施镁肥(MgSO4·7H2O) CK (0.00％)、F1 (0.09％)、F2 (0.18％)、F3 (0.27％)、F4 (0.36％)和F5 (0.45％)6个处理,进行田间试验,探讨贺兰山东麓碱性土壤条件下,不同叶面施镁浓度对酿酒葡萄赤霞珠叶片光合特性、果实品质以及产量的影响.结果 显示:叶面喷施0.27％镁肥效果最为显著,与CK相比,叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)和叶绿素a+b (Chl a+b))分别提高28.26％、42.81％和32.49％;净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度分别提高36.72％、65.58％和100.82％;总酚、单宁、花色苷、可滴定酸及产量分别提高11.22％、8.08％、29.60％、11.69％和8.17％.通过相关分析发现,酿酒葡萄产量与Chlb、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度呈极显著正相关,与Chl a、花色苷呈显著正相关,与胞间CO2浓度呈显著负相关.通过主成分分析,得出在常规施肥基础上,叶面喷施0.27％镁肥对提高赤霞珠叶片光合特性和果实产量及平衡糖酸比改善浆果品质效果最佳.     

Survey of Vitamin B<Subscript>6</Subscript> Content in Commercial Presentations of Table Olives

For nutritional purposes, a survey of the vitamin B₆ levels from a variety of commercial presentations of table olives was carried out, taking into account the three main processing types (Spanish-style, directly brined, and ripe olives). The analysis was performed by HPLC, following the official French method for vitamin B₆ determination in foodstuffs. In-house validation data for two commercial table olives showed that the method precision was good (coefficient of variation <6%) and recovery was quantitative (104% on average). There was a wide range of values for vitamin B₆ in table olives (0–69.3 μg/100 g edible portion). The highest mean content was found in directly brined olives (33.9 μg/100 g edible portion) followed by Spanish-style (14.4 μg/100 g) and ripe olives (4.3 μg/100 g). On average, samples of the Gordal and Carrasqueña cultivars showed the highest vitamin B₆ content in the case of Spanish-style olives, but in directly brined olives as well as in ripe olives the effect of cultivar was not statistically significant (p?相似文献   

Water use efficiency and fruit quality of table grape under alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation

Two-year field experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation on fruit yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency of table grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv Rizamat) in the arid region of northwest China. Three irrigation treatments were included, i.e. CDI (conventional drip irrigation, both sides of the root-zone irrigated), ADI (alternate drip irrigation, both sides of the root-zone irrigated alternatively with half the water) and FDI (fixed drip irrigation, only one side of the root system irrigated with half the water). Results indicated that compared to CDI, ADI kept the same photosynthetic rate (P_n) but reduced transpiration rate, thus increased leaf water use efficiency (WUE) of table grape. And diurnal variation of leaf water potential showed no significant differences during 7.00 a.m. to 14.00 p.m. in both years. ADI also produced similar yield and improved WUE_ET by 26.7–46.4% and increased the percentage of edible grape by 3.88–5.78%, vitamin C content in the fruit by 15.3–42.2% and ratio of total soluble solid concentration/titrated acid in both years as compared to CDI. Thus ADI saved irrigation water, improved the water use efficiency and fruit quality of table grape without detrimental effect on the fruit yield in arid region.