阿维链霉菌BAC文库的构建及分析

为进一步阐明阿维菌素的生物合成路径和调控途径,提高阿维菌素的产量,采用BamHⅠ限制性内切酶酶解阿维链霉菌基因组DNA的方法,构建了阿维链霉菌的细菌人工染色体(BAC)文库。该文库共包含2 304个克隆,平均插入片段为101kb,空载率约9%,覆盖了该菌基因组的25.9倍。该文库的成功构建可以为其他微生物尤其是基因组具有磷硫酰化修饰的微生物的文库构建提供参考。     

节杆菌与施氏假单胞菌对甲基对硫磷的共降解研究

为实现对有机磷农药甲基对硫磷的彻底降解,研究利用有机磷农药降解菌施氏假单胞菌YC-YH1与对硝基苯酚降解菌CN2对甲基对硫磷进行共降解试验,同时克隆了参与降解过程的相关基因,并对2株菌株在对甲基对硫磷污染土壤的原位修复中的效果进行研究。结果表明,与YC-YH1单独降解相比,YC-YH1和CN2共降解在处理前32 h无较大差异;但之后,甲基对硫磷和对硝基苯酚的降解速度明显加快,处理48 h后甲基对硫磷即被完全降解,比单独用YC-H1降解时提前了16 h,处理64 h时对硝基苯酚就被完全降解。而土壤修复的研究结果表明,菌株YC-YH1与CN2能够高效降解甲基对硫磷,72 h对土壤中100 mg/kg甲基对硫磷的降解率接近100%,尤以未灭菌土壤中降解效果更好。     

培养基成分和补料对阿维菌素发酵过程中除虫链霉菌菌丝形态的影响

研究了阿维菌素发酵过程中培养基成分和补料对菌丝形态的影响,以及在这些条件下菌丝形态、菌体代谢以及产量之间的相互关系。结果表明:碳氮源种类和碳氮比与菌体生长密切相关,对除虫链霉菌前期的菌丝形态影响较大。只有当除虫链霉菌为密实的球状时,才能获得较高的阿维菌素产量;进一步通过调控使发酵中后期菌丝形态保持一定的菌球尺寸(球核面积、核区周长和菌丝球面积)对维持阿维菌素合成有利。     

Perkinsus sp. infestation in carpet-shell clams, Ruditapes decussatus (L), along the Portuguese coast. Results from a 2-year survey

This study characterises Perkinsus atlanticus disease prevalence and intensity within the economically important beds of the clam Ruditapes decussatus along the Iberian Atlantic coast. Samples were collected from five different sites along the Portuguese coast (Ria Formosa, Ria do Alvor, V.N. Milfontes, Aveiro, Lagoa de Obidos) and in Galicia (Ria de Arosa) between winter 2000/2001 and 2002/2003. The infection level was evaluated by the Ray Fluid Thioglycollate medium (RFTM) method using the body burden assay. In addition, the measure of the condition index (CI) (percentage between the edible part and the total weight of the clams) was conducted to investigate a possible correlation between this parameter and the intensity of the infection. However, no clear relationship between infection intensity and condition index (CI) could be determined although a significant decline in CI was found for heavily infected clams. Results of a 2-year survey demonstrate the presence of Perkinsus sp. in all sampling sites albeit with different intensities. Sites where human interference was minimal showed the lowest levels of infection. There were no significant differences in Perkinsus sp. infection intensity between samples collected in winter and summer, in contrast with several studies describing higher intensities at the end of the summer. Nevertheless, major differences were observed from year to year and site to site, indicating that factors other than those responsible for seasonal climatic variations might affect the prevalence and the intensity of Perkinsus sp. infection.     

横山水库浮游植物群落结构季节性变化特征

分析了2010-2011年不同季节横山水库浮游植物群落结构的变化特征.结果表明,4个季节共采集到90种(属)浮游植物,蓝藻和硅藻在横山水库浮游植物季节性演替中的作用非常重要.在太湖流域首次发现拟柱胞藻(Cylindrospermopsis sp.),夏季在水库成为优势种并引起水华,密度达到1.01×108个/L.富营养化日趋严重的横山水库为拟柱胞藻水华奠定了基础.作为生态入侵种,拟柱胞藻可以产生毒素,危害生态系统和人体健康.应加强监测和流域综合管理,防止拟柱胞藻水华扩散到流域内其它大型水库.     

粘帚霉对几种水生生物有害菌的抑制作用测定

采用对峙培养法测定了粘帚霉16株菌株对嗜水气单胞菌、耶耳森菌、鳗弧菌、褐藻酸降解菌-MA10和褐藻酸降解菌-MB16的作用。试验结果表明,粘帚霉中NCH-3-1、YJS-3-2、GJ-1-1、SS-1-1、SHW-2-1、SHW-1-1、BD-2-2 7株菌株对供试的5种有害菌表现出较强的抑制作用。     

Secondary Metabolites and Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Analysis of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent-Derived Streptomyces sp. SCSIO ZS0520

Streptomyces sp. SCSIO ZS0520 is a deep-sea hydrothermal vent-derived actinomycete. Our previous metabolism investigation showed that Streptomyces sp. SCSIO ZS0520 is a producer of cytotoxic actinopyrones. Here, another four types of secondary metabolites were identified, including six salinomycin isomers (2–7), the macrolide elaiophylin (8), the triterpene N-acetyl-aminobacteriohopanetriol (9), and the pyrone minipyrone (10). Among them, compounds 2–6 and 10 are new compounds. To understand the biosynthetic pathway of these compounds, a bioinformatic analysis of the whole genome was carried out, which identified 34 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. Next, the biosynthetic pathways responsive to four types of products were deduced on the basis of gene function predictions and structure information. Taken together, these findings prove the metabolite potential of ZS0520 and lay the foundations to solve the remaining biosynthetic issues in four types of marine natural products.     

Youssoufenes A2 and A3, Antibiotic Dimeric Cinnamoyl Lipids from the ΔdtlA Mutant of a Marine-Derived Streptomyces Strain

Two new dimeric cinnamoyl lipids (CL) featuring with an unusual dearomatic carbon-bridge, named youssoufenes A2 (1) and A3 (2), were isolated from the ΔdtlA mutant strain of marine-derived Streptomyces youssoufiensis OUC6819. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on extensive MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses, and their absolute configurations were determined by combination of the long-range NOE-based ¹H-¹H distance measurements and ECD calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate growth inhibition against multi-drug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis CCARM 5172 with an MIC value of 22.2 μM.     

草莓枯萎病拮抗细菌的筛选及其防治效果

为防控草莓枯萎病,本研究通过测定生物量、初筛、复筛和相容性试验,筛选出生长速度较快且抑菌效果良好的菌株SA-1和SV-2,经形态观察、Biolog和分子生物学方法分别鉴定为枯草芽胞杆菌Bacillus subtilis和解淀粉芽胞杆菌Bacillusamyloliquefaciens。盆栽试验评价了菌株SA-1和SV-2发酵液单一使用及联合使用对草莓枯萎病的防治效果及对草莓植株促生和相关酶活的影响,结果表明菌株SA-1和SV-2发酵液联合使用比单一使用具有更好的生防效果,灌根40d后防治效果为71.33%,过氧化氢酶活性显著增强,丙二醛含量明显减少,在草莓枯萎病生物防治中有一定应用潜力。     

几种杀菌剂对甜瓜枯萎病菌的室内毒力测定

采用生长速率法和抑菌圈法测定了9种杀菌剂对甜瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.melonis)的毒力。抑菌圈法测定结果表明多菌灵和咯菌腈对甜瓜枯萎病菌的毒力最高,其3d的EC50分别为783.7905mg·L-1和975.2145mg·L-1;生长速率法测定结果表明:多菌灵和多菌灵-五氯硝基苯对病原菌的抑制率最高,7d的EC50分别为2.4757mg·L-1和3.3570mg·L-1。