禾螟赤眼蜂的功能反应研究

在实验室条件下,以玉米禾螟卵和麦蛾卵为寄主,观察了禾螟赤眼蜂的功能反应。初步结果表明,在寄主卵密度为5,10,20,40粒的条件下,赤眼蜂对寄主的寄生率随卵的密度增加而增加,但密度由40粒增加到80粒时,寄生率的变化较为平缓。每只雌蜂寄生的卵粒数随着赤眼蜂密度的增加而减少。寄主密度的变化对赤眼蜂子一代的雌蜂比率无明显影响。     

红脂大小蠹及油松挥发物对捕食性天敌寄主选择行为的影响

利用树木解剖及昆虫饲养选择的方法调查红脂大小蠹的捕食性天敌,发现一种鞘翅目颚甲科的昆虫为红脂大小蠹的天敌.利用Y-型嗅觉仪进一步研究发现健康油松挥发物、虫害油松挥发物及虫粪挥发物对该天敌昆虫都有显著的引诱作用,尤其对虫害油松挥发物趋向行为更强烈.该天敌昆虫在栖境定位和寄主选择过程中所利用的挥发物主要来自上述3类挥发物.4种单萜烯化合物对此种天敌昆虫的室内引诱实验发现,(S)-( )-3-蒈烯对天敌的引诱作用较为强烈.     

珠带鱼和带鱼未定种Trichiurus sp.2的分子系统进化关系

针对南海大型带鱼新种——珠带鱼(Trichiurus margarites Li,1992)与日本产带鱼未定种T.sp.2(sensu Nakabo,2002)之间的系统进化关系及分类地位不明确问题,本研究通过测定采自海南岛西岸珠带鱼的线粒体16S rRNA基因部分序列,结合已报道的T.sp.2及其近缘种的同源序列,对其16S rRNA基因序列变异进行分析。基于Kimura双参数模型计算,海南岛西岸珠带鱼与日本九州、海南岛东岸及印度洋T.sp.2间的净遗传距离(0.000～0.006)远低于属内其他种间的净遗传距离(0.037～0.061),表明二者的遗传分化程度处于种内水平。邻接法(NJ)和最大似然法(ML)构建的分子系统树显示,珠带鱼与T.sp.2以极高的置信度(NJ 100%,ML 96%)聚为一支单系,并与其他带鱼形成姐妹群。根据所得分子数据并结合形态学研究资料,可以确定日本产带鱼未定种即是珠带鱼,它广泛分布于印度西太平洋。综合3种带鱼属鱼类在西北太平洋的种间分化事件,对珠带鱼的起源及演化进行了初步推测。     

宜昌泡桐雌雄配子体发育及其生殖过程的研究

本文系统的研究了宜昌泡桐(Paulownia sp.)雌雄配子体发育过程,并着重探讨了与育性有关的机制。结果表明,宜昌泡桐雌雄配子体形成过程中都存在着大量败育现象。雌配子体的败育和大量落蕾是宜昌泡桐不结实或少结实的直接原因。还探讨了宜昌泡桐种群内存在着明显育性差异的原因。     

水杉色二孢毒素生物活性研究

水杉枯萎病病原菌色二孢（Ｄｉｐｌｏｄｉａ ｓｐ）真菌可以产生有毒代谢物。生物测定结果表明：该毒素具有广谱性，对裸子植物水杉和池杉、被子植物中杨柳科的垂柳、安石榴科的石榴等树木枝条具致萎作用，对小麦、玉米、油菜等种子的发芽及生长具有一定的抑制作用。粗毒素透析及稳定性测试表明：该毒素成分复杂，包括可以透过和不能透过半透膜的组分，具有很强的热稳定性，但在室温下放置长时间后活性会降低。     

紫外-光复活诱变香兰素生产菌株的研究

[目的]探究紫外诱变和光复活修复对生产香兰素菌株的效果。[方法]通过紫外诱变和光复活修复对香兰素生产菌链霉菌(Streptomycessp.L1936)进行复合诱变,筛选出香兰素高产菌株(Streptomycessp.L1936-9)。[结果]出发菌株经过紫外诱变和光复活修复处理后,脱乙酰酶酶活提高了71.1%,香兰素氧化酶酶活降低了34.6%相应的香兰素产量提高了34.2%。[结论]该研究为香兰素生产提供了良好途径。     

西双版纳砂仁叶枯病病原观察

对西双版纳景洪地区阳春砂仁叶枯病病原菌分离鉴定,病原为拟盘多毛孢属Pestalotipssi,国内属首 sp.次报道。     

中华鳖“红底板病”病原菌的研究及防治

本文阐述了中华鳖红底板病的流行病学,病原菌的分离、培养、生化鉴定和菌体DNAGC mol％的测定以及毒性试验等,确定了致病菌为气单胞菌属;通过药敏试验及生产实践,提出了有效的防治措施。     

Effects of Dietary Ampitheoe sp. Powder on Growth and Lipid Contents of Litopenaeus vannamei北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Ampitheoe sp. powder on the growth and the contents of astaxanthin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO) and fatty acids of Litopenaeus vannamei. A total of approximately 6 777 L. vannamei with an initial body weight of (1. 80 ± 0.72) g were randomly divided into 3 groups, and there were 3 replicates (753 shrimp per replicate) in each group. Those shrimp fed diets containing 0 (D0 group), 8. 25% (D8. 25 group) and 33% (D33. 00 group) Ampitheoe sp. powder, respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 40 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, yield and survival rate in D33.00 group were significantly higher than those in D0 group (P <0.05), whereas the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower than that in D0 group (P <0.05) . However, there was no significant difference between D33.00 group and the D8. 25 group in those indexes (P >0.05) . 2) The astaxanthin content in carapace, hepatopancreas and muscle of L. vannamei in D8.25 and D33. 00 groups was significantly higher than that in D0 group (P < 0. 05); that in D33.00 group was significantly higher than that in D8. 25 group (P < 0. 05) . 3) TG content in haemolymph, hepatopancreas and muscle in D8. 25 and D33. 00 groups was significantly lower than that in D0 group (P < 0.05); the TCHO content in hepatopancreas in D8. 25 group was significantly higher than that in D0 and D33.00 groups (P <0.05); TCHO content in muscle in D33.00 group was significantly higher than that in D0 group (P <0.05) . 4) The contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in hepatopancreas in D33.00 group were significantly higher than those in D0 group (P <0.05) . The EPA content in muscle in D33.00 group was significantly higher than that in D0 group (P < 0. 05) . In conclusion, adding Ampitheoe sp. powder into the diet can improve the growth performance, the contents of astaxanthin, EPA and AA in L. vannamei, and affect the accumulation of TG and TCHO, which can be used as a functional diet in aquaculture. Considering the cost, the supplementation level of 8. 25% Ampitheoe sp. powder is more appropriate. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Pediatric Surgery. All rights reserved.     

银杉落针病的初步研究

由散斑壳菌Lophoder mium sp.引起的落针病是银杉的一种重要叶部病害,导致针叶大量提早脱落,影响树木生长甚至濒于死亡。百菌清、多菌灵、甲基托布津等杀菌剂对病原菌子囊孢子萌发的抑制作用较强,以营林为主、药剂防治为辅的防治方法能控制该病的发生与流行。