The combination of curing with either chitosan or Bacillus subtilis CPA-8 to control brown rot infections caused by Monilinia fructicola

Recently, it has been reported that brown rot in peaches and nectarines can be effectively controlled by exposing fruit to 50 °C for 2 h and 95-99% relative humidity (RH). This treatment was effective at reducing infections that had become established in the field. However, it did not provide protection for further Monilinia fructicola infections, indicating that fruit was susceptible to subsequent infections after the treatment process and before cool storage. Chitosan and Bacillus subtilis (strain CPA-8) were evaluated for their ability to prevent M. fructicola infections and for their ability to complement the heat treatment. Two chitosan concentrations (0.5% or 1%) were applied at three temperatures (20, 40 or 50 °C) for 1 min to wounded and unwounded fruit that were artificially inoculated with M. fructicola. One percent chitosan applied at 20 °C had a preventive effect against further M. fructicola infections on heat-treated fruit that had been previously inoculated: brown rot incidence was reduced to 10%, in comparison with the control (73%). However, chitosan applied to wounded fruit had a poor preventive effect. The antagonist, B. subtilis CPA-8, had a preventive effect in controlling M. fructicola infections: the incidence of brown rot was reduced to less than 15% for both varieties evaluated (‘Baby Gold 9’ and ‘Andros’ peaches), in comparison with the control fruit (higher than 98%). In contrast, when fruit were stored at 0 °C, this preventive effect was not detected. These findings indicate that heat-treated fruit can be protected from subsequent fruit infection after heat treatment by use of chitosan or B. subtillis CPA-8, thereby providing packinghouses with an effective biologically based, combined approach to the management of postharvest brown rot.     

岩性差异对石材开发利用方式的影响研究——以长屿硐天和龙游石窟为例

通过野外调查,结合历史文献资料的梳理,分析岩性对石材资源利用方式的影响,比较长屿硐天、龙游石窟开发方式的差异,为今后更加合理开发利用提供科学依据。研究发现,两个区域由于岩性差异,在开采和利用方式上存在不同：长屿硐天以露天、半露天开采为主,以石板为主要开采对象,石料广泛用于建筑、生活用品、石雕;龙游石窟以地下开采为主,开采对象为条石,主要用于建造墙基、塔基、桥基。因此,岩石性质对区域石材资源的开发利用方式有决定性的影响。     

论景观工程硬质饰面材料施工中的泛碱问题

基于笔者的工作经验,从泛碱现象及其出现的原因、泛碱现象的防治措施等角度来探讨这个难题,以期为更好地解决泛碱问题提供一定的理论支持和实践参考.     

石雕在城市绿地中的应用

石雕作为一种文化交流的媒介,在西方古典园林及现代绿地景观中广泛应用,与绿地景观相融合呈现出一种场所精神与艺术氛围.阐述了石雕在城市绿地中的分类和功能,研究了不同题材的石雕在城市绿地中的应用及其题材所表达的审美情趣、地域特色.规划设计了不同题材的石雕在马鞍山市朱然文化公园、儿童公园、珍珠园等绿地景观中的应用,展现了石雕艺术的深厚内涵及鲜明的个性特征.     

石林创建国家森林城市的绿地建设情况及效益分析

依据石林县自然概况,分析石林县创建国家森林城市的城区、道路、河流绿化现状及石林风景名胜区保护区森林景观植被建设情况,按照国家森林城市评价标准,对石林县森林城市主要指标进行评价,综合评估了其生态、经济及社会效益,提出石林县国家森林城市建设发展方向。     

我国石漠化地区生态移民与人口控制的探讨

分析了石漠化地区的人口现状与特征;指出人口压力是石漠化形成的主要因素;提出解除和减轻石漠化地区人口压力的主要措施为控制人口和生态移民.     

留园石文化探析

解析了留园历任园主人因爱石成痴而留下的奇闻轶事,及其为丰富留园石文化而做出的贡献,突出了留园历史悠久、一脉相承的文化特征.在此基础上,指出留园石材数量种类繁多,不同材质、形状、颜色的石头均形质兼美,认为对于石的多角度、多层次审美构成留园石文化的重要内容,并且留园的石头大多由于不同寻常的经历而使园林充满了浓郁的人文色彩,丰富了园林的人文内涵.     

Runoff and sorghum performance as affected by the spacing of stone lines in the semiarid Sahelian zone

Crop yields are primarily water-limited in dryland production systems in semiarid regions. This study was conducted in a catchment located in the “plateau central” of Burkina Faso to assess the impact of the space between stone lines on runoff and crop performance. The experimental design consisted of four plots in which stone lines were installed. The spacing between the lines was 100 m in the first plot, 50 m in the second, 33 m in the third, and 25 m in the last plot. The soil was a Ferric lixisol and the slope, which is characteristic of the area, was about 1–3%. Subplots placed at regular and fixed distances from the lines were used to monitor soil water content and crop yield. Runoff from all plots was measured using a water discharge recorder. It was found that 31% of rainfall was lost through runoff in plots without stone lines. The efficiency of stone lines in checking runoff and in improving soil water storage increased with reduced stone line spacing (runoff was reduced by an average of 5% on plots where the space between the lines was 33 m, but was reduced by 23% when the stone line spacing was 25 m). Soil water content decreased with increasing distance from the stone line. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) performance was greatly affected by stone line and plant straw and grain yield were doubled in plots with stone lines compared with those of plots without stone lines. At an area of about 6 m from the stone lines (upslope), where organo-mineral sediments were collected, sorghum grain yields were 60% greater than that obtained at 19 m from stone lines. The stone line technique seems to be a sound option to mitigate water stress during dry spells.     

基于NDVI的石林风景区植被覆盖动态变化对比研究

基于归一化植被指数（NDVI）分析方法，选用1977年Landsat、1992年TM、2000年ETM^＋卫星影像，分别对石林风景区及石林县除石林风景区外的NDVI进行了计算和分析，结果认为，1977～2000年石林风景区植被覆盖度整体呈下降趋势，由1977年的62．15％下降到2000年的60．07％．对造成这一结果的原因进行了浅析．