受黄色镰刀菌侵染的马铃薯薯块的抗氧化酶、细胞壁防御酶及StLTPa1基因的表达特性

黄色镰刀菌Fusarium culmorum为黑龙江省马铃薯干腐病主要致病菌,干腐病可以导致马铃薯在窖藏过程中发生腐烂,影响薯块的商品价值和食用价值,为进一步研究马铃薯干腐病的发生和防治,本研究采用黄色镰刀菌对不同抗性的马铃薯块茎进行侵染,对病原菌侵染过程中薯块的抗氧化酶及细胞壁降解酶变化及病程相关基因的表特性进行了研究。结果表明,当黄色镰刀菌侵染块茎时,块茎中的可溶性蛋白和丙二醛(malondlaldehyde,MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性、几丁质酶(chitinase)和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(β-1,3-glucanase)活性都呈现不同程度的上升趋势。非特异性脂质转移蛋白基因StLTPa1表达量随着黄色镰刀菌的侵染时间呈波动性,在植物防御反应中发挥一定的作用。     

基于压电效应的简易型细胞力学测试仪

针对传统的细胞力学研究方法的非无损性,不能对细胞力学参数连续、长期监测的特点,研制出一种基于石英晶体压电效应的简易型细胞力学测试仪。该测试仪以STM32 103C8 为核心,设计有石英晶体在液相环境下的起振电路、稳定振荡电路,采用了频率/电压转换电路。系统实现了对石英晶体频率变化的高精度采集,对与传感器耦合的界面层（细胞）的质量、粘弹性和表面应力多参数敏感,能对细胞黏附过程和细胞力学性能进行动态监测。通过整机在细胞培养液环境下的实验,验证了测试仪系统的可行性与稳定性。     

高粱幼叶细胞悬浮系的建立

以高粱无菌苗幼叶为试验材料,对颗粒状胚性愈伤组织的获得、细胞悬浮系的建立及影响悬浮细胞生长的主要因素进行了研究。结果表明：幼叶在MS（Murashige and Skoog）+2mg/L 2,4-D培养基上诱导出的愈伤组织,经2~3次继代筛选后获得了浅黄色、颗粒状胚性愈伤组织;胚性愈伤组织接种于液体培养基中,于25±1℃、黑暗条件下,经45~60d的悬浮震荡培养建立了高质量的细胞悬浮系,细胞生长曲线呈“S”型,细胞密度可达6.45×10 ⁵~5.08×10 ⁶个/mL以上,活细胞率可达72.76%,近圆细胞率可达87.50%;培养基的基本成分、激素种类和水平对悬浮细胞生长状态有很大的影响,相比1/2MS培养基,MS培养基为适宜的培养基,2,4-D对保持细胞系的稳定增殖至关重要,适宜的浓度为1mg/L;培养液中加入0.5mg/L KT或6-BA会造成悬浮液褐化,影响悬浮细胞的生长;最适宜的细胞悬浮培养基为L2培养基（MS+1mg/L 2,4-D,30g/L蔗糖,pH5.8）,震荡培养转速为110~120r/min,继代周期为7d,新旧培养基的接种比例为2∶1。     

猪脂肪前体细胞的原代培养及诱导分化

以2日龄仔猪皮下脂肪组织为材料,采用胶原酶消化法分离培养出细胞成分均一、增殖旺盛的原代脂肪前体细胞。对所获细胞采用含50 nmol/L胰岛素+100 nmol/L地塞米松+0.25 mmol/L 3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤+100nmol/L罗格列酮的分化培养液进行诱导分化培养,少量细胞第2 d开始出现脂滴,大多细胞第3 d出现脂滴,分化率达95%以上,第4~7 d小脂滴逐步融合为大脂滴。在脂滴出现及汇聚快慢上本实验所采用诱导方法明显快于其他诱导方式。     

体细胞数对发酵乳品质的影响研究

为确定用于生产发酵乳的原料乳质量标准,以提高发酵乳产品品质,选用蒙牛自有牧场30头不同健康状况、不同泌乳期的荷斯坦牛原料乳,按体细胞数分为低于20万个/mL组、20万-80万个/mL组及大于80万个/mL组,在发酵乳制备的当天及样品冷藏后的第1、7、14、21天分别测定发酵的产酸曲线、发酵乳的质构特性。结果表明,随着原料乳中体细胞数的增加,产品黏度下降,弹性降低,硬度增加,pH值降低,品质下降。     

Effects of short period frequent milking on milk yield and udder health in Turkish Saanen goats

The major purpose of this study was to investigate whether increasing milking frequency for a short period (21 days) increases milk yield and milk components and improves udder health throughout lactation in Turkish Saanen goats. Two groups were formed (control, n = 14, treatment, n = 14); balanced by parity, bodyweight and birth type to make them homogenous. Feeding and management practices were the same for both groups. The treatment group was milked four times a day (4×) for 21 days after weaning whereas the control group was milked twice a day (2×). All the animals were milked twice daily thereafter. The pyronin methyl green stain method was used to estimate the somatic cell count (SCC), which is an indication of udder health. This method provided a count that excluded RNA and background noise while including cells with DNA. Repeated measures analyses indicated that overall differences between the 2× and 4× groups were significant for the morning, evening and total test day milk yields, in that values for the 4× group were increased 14.7, 8.8 and 12.1%, respectively. Differences between the groups for SCC were not significant. The results of this study indicate that increasing milking frequency to 4×, even for a short time (21 days), increases overall milk yield throughout lactation in dairy goats.     

益生菌发酵棉粕对黄羽肉鸡小肠黏膜形态、血清T淋巴细胞亚群及肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究添加不同比例益生菌发酵棉粕对黄羽肉鸡小肠黏膜形态、血清T淋巴细胞亚群及肠道菌群的影响。选用14日龄健康黄羽肉鸡320只,随机分成4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20只鸡,Ⅰ组为空白对照组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别添加3%、6%和9%发酵棉粕,研究不同添加量对肉鸡生长前期(14～28日龄)、中期(29～45日龄)、后期(46～65日龄)各阶段小肠黏膜形态,中、后期血清T淋巴细胞亚群及后期肠道菌群的影响。研究结果显示:①与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅲ组黄羽肉鸡前、中、后期的十二指肠绒毛高度极显著提高31.90%、25.17%、49.41%(P<0.01),隐窝深度极显著降低9.42%、11.31%、10.83%(P<0.01),V/C极显著提高45.65%、41.19%、67.84%(P<0.01);空肠绒毛高度极显著提高28.72%、28.38%、27.61%(P<0.01),隐窝深度显著或极显著下降6.65%(P<0.05)、6.18%(P<0.01)、7.37%(P<0.01),V/C极显著提高37.84%、36.69%、37.82%(P<0.01);回肠绒毛高度极显著提高76.64%、40.36%、67.20%(P<0.01) ,隐窝深度显著降低4.09%、6.07%、6.02%(P<0.05),V/C极显著提高83.79%、49.27%、78.26% (P<0.01)。②中、后期Ⅳ组黄羽肉鸡CD4⁺/CD8⁺显著提高42.86%、34.95%(P<0.05)。③随着发酵棉粕添加量的增多,黄羽肉鸡的十二指肠、空肠、回肠中乳酸菌的数量逐渐增多,且差异越来越明显,除Ⅱ组十二指肠和空肠段外,其余各组的各肠段差异均显著或极显著(P<0.05;P<0.01)。大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量逐渐减少,且差异越来越明显,除Ⅱ组十二指肠段外,其余各组各肠段差异均显著或极显著(P<0.05;P<0.01)。综上所述,6%发酵棉粕组在提高十二指肠、空肠、回肠绒毛高度、V/C,降低其隐窝深度方面都优于3%、9%发酵棉粕组,而9%发酵棉粕组在提高CD4⁺/CD8⁺、肠道乳酸菌数量和降低大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌数量方面优于3%、6%发酵棉粕组。     

毒害艾美耳球虫初次感染雏鸡免疫器官IL-2和淋巴细胞增殖功能变化

应用组织匀浆涂片和酸性α-醋酸萘酯酶（ANAE）染色及细胞培养技术和四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）测定法对毒害艾美耳球虫（eimeria necatrix，E．necatrix）初次感染雏鸡免疫器官的T细胞比例、白细胞介素-2（interleukin-2，IL-2）诱生活性、T细胞和B细胞对ConA或PMA的增殖功能的动态变化进行了较全面系统的研究。结果发现，E．necatrix初次感染雏鸡，其胸腺和脾脏T细胞比例分别于感染后7～21d和7～24d明显高于对照雏鸡；IL-2诱生活性分别于感染后16～18d和18～21d较对照雏鸡显著升高；T细胞对ConA的增殖反应分别在感染后14～16d和10～18d明显增加。法氏囊和脾脏B细胞对PMA的增殖反应分别于感染后14～24d和14～21d显著高于对照雏鸡。表明E．necatrix初次感染雏鸡免疫器官的IL-2调节及细胞免疫和体液免疫功能均明显提高。     

Isolation and Identification of Orf Virus from Jiangsu Province and Phylogenetic Analysis of Their B2L Gene

The study was aimed to investigate prevalence of Orf virus (ORFV) in Jiangsu province in recent years and control Orf better. A total of 121 tissue samples were collected in some farms from 2013 to 2015 and subjected to PCR detection, viral isolation and phylogenetic analysis of B2L gene. Four samples were ORFV positive by PCR. The viruses were isolated by passaging in ovine fetal turbinate (OFTu) cells and MDBK cells, and were named as ORFV/Ovis/XZ/Jiangsu/2015/China, ORFV1/Ovis/DT/Jiangsu/2015/China, ORFV2/Ovis/DT/Jiangsu/2015/China and ORFV/Ovis/SL/Jiangsu/2015/China,respectively. The B2L gene was amplified and sequenced for the phylogenetic study. The nucleotide homology of these 4 strains was 98.5% to 100.0%. ORFV/Ovis/XZ/Jiangsu/2015/China, ORFV1/Ovis/DT/Jiangsu/2015/China and ORFV2/Ovis/DT/Jiangsu/2015/China, gathered into a cluster with SC-JY, GX-YB, JS-FX isolates and the nucleic acid homology of these strains was 97.8% to 100%. ORFV/Ovis/SL/Jiangsu/2015/China gathered into a cluster with LiaoNing, HuB and Gansu isolates, the nucleic acid homology was 98.8% to 98.9%. The nucleic acid homologies of 4 strains and ORFV strain China vaccine was 96.8% to 98.1%. The result showed that the ORFVs in Jiangsu province might be from different source. For controlling the spreading of this virus, it was necessary to carry out deep epidemiological survey in Jiangsu province.