水稻白条纹叶突变体st11的遗传分析与基因定位

白条纹叶突变体st11是从粳稻品种Kitaake组培过程中获得的。该突变体在分蘖前叶色表现为正常,从分蘖期开始新生叶表现为白条纹直至成熟期。与野生型相比,该突变体的分蘖、株高、结实率和千粒重等农艺性状没有发生明显变化。遗传分析表明该突变体白条纹叶性状受一对隐性核基因控制。利用该突变体分别与水稻02428、Jodan杂交构建了两个F2群体用于基因定位。通过集群分离分析(bulked segregant analysis)发现该基因位于第1染色体端粒附近,并与分子标记RM151和RM10080连锁。进一步利用更多分子标记分析F2群体,我们将该基因定位于I10和I26两个标记之间大约270kb的区间内。     

油菜雌性不育突变体FS-M1花器官形态及其受精能力

对甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)雌性不育突变体FS-M1及其野生型宁油10号的花器官形态和柱头受精能力进行了观察比较研究,结果表明FS-M1雌蕊明显短于雄蕊,6个雄蕊几乎等长,无密腺,但在雄蕊基部有两个月牙形状物;子房扁平,明显短于野生型,且柱头顶端呈叉型;柱头乳突细胞较大但数量较少,粘附花粉能力弱,在开花2～3 d后逐渐干瘪.授粉后,在FS-M1柱头表面观察到萌发的花粉粒,但未观察到花粉粒芽管刺破乳突细胞,形成"膨突"现象,花柱中没有观察到花粉管.切除柱头及部分花柱后再授粉,在FS-M1花柱中观察到伸长的花粉管,授精结角也接近正常.FS-M1雌性不育现象可能与柱头乳突细胞发育畸变和功能缺失有关.     

Genomic and Pathogenic Studies on a Glycoprotein E Variant Field Isolate of Bovine Herpesvirus 1

Glycoprotein E-negative (gE–) laboratory strains of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) were recently introduced as novel marker vaccines, allowing serological discrimination between vaccinated and naturally infected animals on the basis of lack or presence of antibodies against gE epitopes. The applicability of this approach is based on the genetic stability of the gE. However, mutant field variants of BHV-1 with a variable response in anti-gE ELISA have been isolated. The molecular characterization of a gE variant field isolate (Salwa strain) is presented here. By comparing the gE nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the Salwa strain with those of the wild strain Jura, ten mutated bases were found in the gE strain of Salwa, six of which alter the amino acid sequence, leading to changes in five amino acids. Both strains caused respiratory disease in experimentally infected calves, but Salwa generated slightly milder signs. Both viruses were excreted in nasal and ocular discharges, and were reactivated by dexamethasone treatment. In conclusion, the rather close similarities observed in the gE gene structure and pathogenicity features of the gE mutant and of the wild strain of BHV-1 confirm the genetic stability of gE. The findings indicate that the Salwa isolate is virulent, but less virulent than wild strains. Our data support the use of gE-negative marker vaccines in eradication programmes.     

A lesion-mimic mutant of wheat with enhanced resistance to leaf rust

A lesion-mimic mutant was obtained from a mutagenic treatment performed with ethyl methanesulfonate on the Argentine bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) cultivar Sinvalocho M.A. The HLP (hypersensitive-like phenotype) mutant exhibited tiny, discrete, white lesions in the absence of any pathogen, resembling the typical hypersensitive response (HR). The lesions only became evident once the fifth or sixth leaf emerged, and spread at random along the leaf blades and leaf sheaths of the developing plant, including tissues of the spike. Because the lesion-mimic mutant showed no lesions at the seedling stage, the phenotypes of both the mutant and its mother line were identical at this point. Histochemical studies showed that spontaneous hypersensitive-like lesions in the HLP mutant corresponded to cell death. In leaf-rust ( Puccinia triticina ) infection experiments performed at seedling and adult-plant stages, adult HLP plants showed enhanced resistance to leaf-rust attack compared with plants of Sinvalocho M.A. of comparable developmental stage, suggesting that the HLP mutation may confer increased resistance to the fungus. Because enhanced resistance coincided with the presence of spontaneous HR lesions, activation of HLP plant defence responses appeared to be tightly linked to this phenomenon. Final plant height and yield components in the lesion-mimic mutant did not differ from those of the mother line, indicating that the HLP mutation caused no detrimental pleiotropic effects that significantly affected agronomic performance. These data support the direct use of mutations in disease-resistance breeding.     

Recovery and Biological Properties of Nitrate Non-utilizing Mutants of Rice Blast, Magnaporthe grisea

Eleven nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants were recovered from six isolates of Magnaporthe grisea cultured on MM media amended with 60 g/L potassium chlorate, with a frequency of 1.42 %. Some biological properties, such as growth rate, growth biomass, cultural characters, conidial production, sexual reproduction ability, and pathogenicity were compared between nit mutants and their parent isolates. Results showed that all the nit mutants were resistant to chlorate. Some important biological properties such as the growth rate on YPSA, conidial production ability on TPSA, pathogenicity, had no significant differences between nit mutants and their parent isolates. Mating type didn‘t change, but perithecia production ability of fertile isolates changed significantly as compared with that of their parent isolates. Therefore, the nit can be used as a genetic marker to study the genetics such as pathogenicity, fungicide resistance in Magnaporthe grisea.     

^60Co—γ射线诱发的籼型温敏核不育水稻叶色突变系变异分析

＾６０Ｃｏ－γ射线诱发的８个灿温敏核不育系水稻叶色突变系可分为三种类型，即叶色突变高温表达型、低温表达型及温钝型。     

拟南芥野生型及突变体小孢子发生和发育的比较研究

通过电镜对拟南芥野生型及ｅｐｎ型突变体小孢子发生和发育进一步研究（此突变体的特征是花粉从游离核时期就具有多核、多沟并有分枝的花粉管），值得注意的是突变体在发育至四核花粉母细胞时期，在整个母细胞原生质膜外开始形成小孢子的外壁（与野生型晚期四分体内单倍体小孢子原生质体外形成的外壁相同），此外，在突变体小孢子发生的整个过程中也未见到正常四分体的出现。因此，设想具有两个营养核、两个生殖核的突变体的大花粉直接由非正常的四核花粉母细胞形成，突变体发生缺失的时期在前减数分裂期或减数分裂Ⅱ     

Real-time PCR genotyping assay for feline erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency and mutant allele frequency in purebred cats in Japan

Erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency is an inherited glycolytic erythroenzymopathy caused by mutations of the PKLR gene. A causative mutation of the feline PKLR gene was originally identified in Abyssinian and Somali cats in the U.S.A. In the present study, a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR genotyping assay was developed and evaluated for rapid genotyping and large-scale screening for this mutation. Furthermore, a genotyping survey was carried out in a population of four popular purebred cats in Japan to determine the current mutant allele frequency. The assay clearly displayed all genotypes of feline PK deficiency, indicating its suitability for large-scale survey as well as diagnosis. The survey demonstrated that the mutant allele frequency in Abyssinian and Somali cats was high enough to warrant measures to control and prevent the disease. The mutant allele frequency was relatively low in Bengal and American Shorthair cats; however, the testing should still be carried out to prevent the spread of the disease. In addition, PK deficiency should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of anemia in purebred cats in Japan as well as worldwide.     

矮秆大豆突变体叶片和豆荚生理特性的初步分析

经NaN3诱变获得大豆矮秆突变体HK808,对其豆荚和叶片生理特性及其与原品种"东农42"的比较研究表明:HK808叶片的叶绿素含量比野生型低,但叶绿素a/b比值变化不大;豆荚的叶绿素含量较其对应叶片的含量低,且野生型的含量略高于突变体。开花结荚后突变体叶片蛋白质含量、SOD活性逐渐升高,脯氨酸含量下降,且蛋白质和脯氨酸含量都低于东农42;突变体的SOD活性高于东农42;野生型的MDA含量在鼓粒期以后增高,即结荚后期突变体叶片防御自由基伤害能力强。豆荚的蛋白质、脯氨酸含量都与叶片的变化规律基本相同,即前者不断增加,后者不断下降,且豆荚蛋白质和脯氨酸含量都低于叶片;HK808豆荚的蛋白质含量比其野生型高。豆荚的MDA含量比叶片低,且东农42豆荚的MDA含量略高于HK808,豆荚的SOD活性呈下降趋势,但比东农42叶片的活性高,表明豆荚的抗氧化能力比东农42的叶片强。