不同环境因子对海州香薷堆肥品质与物质转化研究

以海州香薷为堆肥原料,采用纤维素分解菌和effective microorganisms(EM菌)为接种菌剂,对不同的微生物组合、不同环境因子(温度、湿度)的联合堆肥进行了实验室阶段的研究。结果表明,在堆肥制作过程中,各处理含水率明显下降;全C呈明显的下降趋势,全N则呈明显的增加趋势,以纤维素分解菌和EM菌的混合菌剂对堆肥品质影响最为显著,使其C/N下降到17.9。而在室温、含水率为75%条件下,堆肥的品质最佳,其C/N值为13.7,ηC/N为60.8%,达到有机肥料一级腐熟标准。同时,整个堆肥过程中纤维素分解菌始终保持旺盛的活性,其菌群密度保持在2.79×10~5CFU/g干重左右。通过纤维素分解菌和EM菌的协同作用,能够快速高效地降解海州香薷残体。     

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential of the Bifurcaria bifurcata Epiphytic Bacteria

Surface-associated marine bacteria are an interesting source of new secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was the isolation and identification of epiphytic bacteria from the marine brown alga, Bifurcaria bifurcata, and the evaluation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of bacteria extracts. The identification of epiphytic bacteria was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacteria extracts were obtained with methanol and dichloromethane (1:1) extraction. The antioxidant activity of extracts was performed by quantification of total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Antimicrobial activities were evaluated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. A total of 39 Bifurcaria bifurcata-associated bacteria were isolated and 33 were identified as Vibrio sp. (48.72%), Alteromonas sp. (12.82%), Shewanella sp. (12.26%), Serratia sp. (2.56%), Citricoccus sp. (2.56%), Cellulophaga sp. (2.56%), Ruegeria sp. (2.56%) and Staphylococcus sp. (2.56%). Six (15.38%) of the 39 bacteria Bifurcaria bifurcata-associated bacteria presented less than a 90% Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) match, and some of those could be new. The highest antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity (against B. subtilis) was exhibited by strain 16 (Shewanella sp.). Several strains also presented high antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, mainly belonging to Alteromonas sp. and Vibrio sp. There were no positive results against fungi and Gram-negative bacteria. Bifurcaria bifurcata epiphytic bacteria were revealed to be excellent sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds.     

EM制剂在农业清洁生产上的应用

总结有关EM（有效微生物群）制剂在畜禽养殖、作物种植、水产养殖和改善环境等方面的应用试验和生产实践,阐述其在农业清洁生产、环保治污、提高农产品产量和品质、促进畜禽生长发育、农业废弃物资源化无害化处理、农业生态环境保护和修复等方面的作用.     

覆土层有益微生物对双孢蘑菇子实体形成的影响

在无菌覆土层中分别加入对蘑菇丝体生长有益的微生物菌悬液,该覆土层中能形成子实体,但产量较常规未灭菌覆土中的少,形成的时间晚;在常规未灭菌覆土层中加入有益微生物悬浮液,对提高蘑菇产量效果不明显。     

日粮精粗比对瘤胃内环境及微生物区系影响的研究

瘤胃作为反刍动物体内的饲料加工厂,其内环境稳定和微生物区系的平衡影响着动物对饲料的利用,日粮精粗比的改变影响瘤胃内环境稳态以及微生物区系组成,从而影响反刍动物的生产效率。本文综述了日粮精粗比影响瘤胃pH、NH3-N浓度、VFA浓度和瘤胃微生物区系组成的研究进展,为在生产实践中提高反刍动物生产效率提供理论依据。     

有效微生物群对仔猪生产性能的影响初探

对产后母猪和断奶仔猪饲喂有效微生物菌群(EM),研究其对仔猪生产性能的影响。从产前7d开始给母猪基础饲料中添加5mL/kg的EM菌液,选产仔数不少于8头的3头母猪及其仔猪连续饲喂EM菌28d,仔猪进行断奶,统计母猪的增重、仔猪初生重、断奶重,仔猪成活率等,分析添加EM菌后对母猪生产性能的影响。在这24头断奶仔猪饲料中添加EM菌的饲料,饲喂至60日龄,统计仔猪的增重、采食量、料重比、发病数等,分析EM菌断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。另外选取3头同品种、同批次生产、产仔数相同的母猪及其仔猪饲料中不添加EM菌作为对照。结果表明,母猪产后日均采食量较对照组提高12.07%,仔猪的初生重较对照组提高15.90%,产活仔数提高了12.09%,断奶重增加9.09%,断奶头数增多20.99%,断奶成活率提高8.81%。断奶后仔猪试验组的平均采食量较对照组提高10.26%,料重比降低了7.14%,发病率下降了50.03%。说明EM菌对母猪和仔猪的生产性能均有提高作用,研究结果为EM菌在生猪养殖中的应用提供了基础资料。     

不同利用方式对东北羊草草地土壤微生物数量的影响

不同利用方式下(刈割和放牧),比较了羊草(Leymus chinensis)草地土壤微生物多样性(真菌、细菌和放线菌)及群落结构的数量变化。结果表明:土壤微生物的数量在不同利用方式下表现为:刈割草地>放牧草地,在不同植物群落中表现为:羊草群落>杂类草群落>碱茅(Puccinellia distans)群落。无论在刈割还是放牧区,真菌的分布为:羊草群落>杂类草群落>碱茅群落;细菌的分布为:杂类草群落>羊草群落>碱茅群落;放线菌为:羊草群落>杂类草群落>碱茅群落。土壤微生物随土层垂直递减分布,在土层0~15 cm土壤微生物分布最多。3类微生物中,细菌数量最大, 放线菌次之, 真菌最小。相关性分析表明,只在刈割方式下羊草群落(sp1)和碱茅群落(sp2)土壤的微生物数量与地上生物量显著相关(P<0.05),其余相关性均不显著。     

培养液中不同来源肽摄取规律的研究

利用体外批次培养研究了大豆肽、玉米肽和瘤胃肽的摄取规律.结果表明,随着培养时间的延长,3种肽的摄取量与摄取率均显著增加(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而摄取速率却显著降低(P＜0.01);当培养液中肽含量增加时,3种来源肽的摄取量显著增加(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),摄取速率显著提高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而摄取率却显著下降(P＜0.05).对于3种不同肽源来说,培养初期3种肽的摄取量和摄取率没有明显差异(P＞0.05),而摄取速率却存在差异,其中瘤液肽的摄取速率显著高于大豆肽和玉米肽.培养中后期肽含量较高时,瘤胃液肽的摄取量和摄取率显著高于大豆肽(P＜0.05)和玉米肽(P＜0.01);肽含量较低时,瘤胃液肽的摄取量和摄取率显著高于玉米肽(P＜0.05),但与大豆肽差异不显著(P＞0.05).结果表明,肽的来源和结构不同,其摄取规律也有异.     

瘤胃微生物体外降解不同来源肽的规律研究

通过体外试验分别研究36、72、144、216、324和450 mg·L-6个水平的大豆肽、玉米肽和瘤胃液肽在瘤胃微生物培养液中的降解规律.结果表明,随着培养时间的延长,3种肽的降解量均显著增加(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而降解速率却显著降低(P＜0.01);当培养液中肽含量增加时,3种肽的降解量显著增加(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),降解速率显著提高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而降解率却显著下降(P＜0.05).对于不同肽源来说,培养初期瘤胃液肽的降解量以及降解速率显著高于玉米肽,培养后期几种来源肽的降解量以及降解速率差异不显著.因此,肽的来源和结构不同,其降解规律也有差异.     

Antitumor and Antimicrobial Potential of Bromoditerpenes Isolated from the Red Alga,Sphaerococcus coronopifolius

Cancer and infectious diseases continue to be a major public health problem, and new drugs are necessary. As marine organisms are well known to provide a wide range of original compounds, the aim of this study was to investigate the bioactivity of the main constituents of the cosmopolitan red alga, Sphaerococcus coronopifolius. The structure of several bromoditerpenes was determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. Five molecules were isolated and characterized which include a new brominated diterpene belonging to the rare dactylomelane family and named sphaerodactylomelol (1), along with four already known sphaerane bromoditerpenes (2–5). Antitumor activity was assessed by cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative assays on an in vitro model of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2 cells). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against four pathogenic microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Compound 4 exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (IC₅₀ 6.35 µM) and compound 5 the highest anti-proliferative activity on HepG-2 cells (IC₅₀ 42.9 µM). The new diterpene, sphaerodactylomelol (1), induced inhibition of cell proliferation (IC₅₀ 280 µM) and cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ 720 µM) on HepG-2 cells and showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus (IC₅₀ 96.3 µM).