福农彩糯玉米的选育

从乳白糯玉米上的一褐色玉米粒,经单株套袋自交和２代配植杂交,育成彩色糯玉米品系福农胗糯玉米,株高１．５ｍ左右,一般思穗长１５～１６ｃｍ,直径５～６ｃｍ,纺锤形,单穗（去苞）重３００ｇ左右,糯性,香甜,风味极佳,生育期６０～７０天,在福建可全年种植。     

Resource patch array use by two squirrel species in an agricultural landscape

Eastern grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) and North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) were studied among wooded patches within an agricultural mosaic. Fifteen sites south of Ottawa, Canada, with differing landscape and local features were censused using tracking boards placed in a woods or wooded fencerow. Regression analyses of landscape compositional and physiognomic variables within a 1-km radius isolated the best predictors of grey and red squirrel abundance and activity. Grey squirrels were found in both small woods and fencerows in farm landscapes but were not found in large woods. A polynomial regression of wooded patch size explained 79% of the variance in grey squirrel abundance. Grey squirrel activity was correlated with the percent cover of soybeans in the landscape. Red squirrels were found in fencerows, small and large woods; activity was correlated with the percent cover of both woods and corn crop in the surrounding landscape. These results indicate that distributions of both species are influenced by multiple landscape elements, but that grey squirrels may rely on fragmented agricultural landscapes whereas red squirrels make more use of both native woodland and altered landscapes.     

天选系列冬小麦品种抗条锈性分析

天选系列冬小麦品种是陇南麦区最重要的冬小麦品种之一,具有抗条锈性强、丰产性好的特点,为陇南小麦条锈病的持续控制发挥了重要作用。为明确13个天选系列冬小麦品种抗条锈性及其所含抗条锈病基因,选用26个国内外条锈菌单孢菌系对其进行苗期、成株期抗病性鉴定,并结合系谱分析进行了基因推导。结果发现,在苗期,天选44号、天选46号和天选50号的抗性谱与已知基因载体品种洛夫林13基本一致,可能含有Yr9及未知抗条锈病基因;天选43号、天选48号和天选51号的抗性谱与已知基因载体品种Moro一致,可能含有Yr10+Yrmor;天选52号、天选53号和天选55号的抗性谱与Line R55基本一致,可能含有Yr26,其余品种抗性谱与已知基因载体品种不一致,初步推测含有未知抗条锈病基因。天选43号、天选44号、天选46号、天选48号、天选50号、天选51号、天选52号、天选53号和天选55号对条锈菌新菌系G22-9和G22-14表现感病,对其余供试小种(菌系)表现抗病;天选47号和天选49号对CYr33、G22-9和G22-14表现感病;天选45号和天选54号对所有供试小种(菌系)均表现抗病。在甘肃省不同生态区的7个试验点进行成株期抗条锈性评价,发现除天选44号、天选45号和天选54号表现抗病外,其余品种均表现感病。     

汉中市小麦条锈病流行的影响因子及预测模型

为掌握汉中市小麦条锈病流行规律,提高病害测报的科学性和准确性,采用DPS数据处理系统,对多年来汉中市小麦条锈病测报资料进行了主导因素分析,筛选出影响发病程度的主要因子包括小麦感病品种种植比例(x1)、秋苗病田率(x2)、秋苗单位面积平均病叶数(x3)、1月份平均气温(x6)、上年11月份降雨量(x11)、早春病田率(x18)、3月中旬病田率(x19),与发生程度(y)进行逐步回归分析,建立了发病程度预测模型:y=-6.354 7+0.084 0x1+0.022 8x3+0.662 8x6+0.020 9x11,R2=0.968 7。拟合预测符合率为92.31%,相对误差8.96%。利用预测模型对2014-2016年汉中市小麦条锈病进行预测,预测的病级分别为2.93、3.21、1.92,与2014、2015、2016年发生的实际病级3、3、2相吻合。此模型可应用于生产中小麦条锈病的测报。     

甜玉米新品种‘浙甜12’

 ‘浙甜12’是以自交系‘GA1101’为母本,‘GA218’为父本杂交育成的超甜玉米新品种。平均鲜果穗产量为11 556 ~ 14 782.5 kg · hm^-2,穗长19.8 ~ 21.0 cm,穗粗5.0 cm,单穗质量262.0 ~ 279.7 g,籽粒可溶性糖含量26.6%,适口性好,商品性佳。     

木薯间作糯玉米的高产高效模式分析

为研究不同栽种规格的木薯间作糯玉米模式和发掘高产高效间作模式,对木薯净作,糯玉米净作和8种木薯间作糯玉米模式进行了鲜薯产量和经济效益的研究。结果表明：木薯间作糯玉米模式是可行的,体现出明显的间作优势。发现不同间作模式的经济效益不同,其中处理9(大行距100 cm,小行距70 cm)的鲜薯产量(51 274.36 kg/hm2)最高,处理4(行距100 cm)的经济效益(52 794.15元/hm2)最高,处理9的经济效益(46 556.97元/hm2)排第3位。综合评价认为,处理9的木薯间作糯玉米模式最合理。试验结果为进一步推广高产高效木薯间作糯玉米模式提供了有力依据。     

玉米抗氧化肽制备及其对血管紧张素转化酶的抑制作用

以玉米蛋白粉为原料,采用微波预处理协同碱性蛋白酶水解制备抗氧化肽,并研究其对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的抑制效果。通过单因素试验,确定出最佳的微波预处理条件为:微波功率400 W、微波时间2.0 min,通过中心组合设计及响应面分析确定了最佳水解条件为:碱性蛋白酶添加量9 000 U/g、酶解时间2.5 h、酶解温度45℃、酶解p H 8.9,在此条件下,玉米蛋白粉平均水解度为14.13%,同时得到的玉米抗氧化肽对ACE有一定的抑制作用,其半抑制浓度(IC50)为4.99 mg/m L。     

玉米波杂饮料自然发酵工艺研究

以玉米粉为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化玉米波杂饮料的制作工艺。结果表明,玉米波杂饮料自然发酵的最佳工艺条件为:酶制剂添加量3.0%,煮制时间50 min,第2次发酵时间12 h,发酵温度35℃。此条件下制得的玉米波杂饮料总糖含量6.43 g/L,总酸含量2.73%,酒精含量2.60%(V/V),感官品质得分95分,饮料呈米黄色,泡沫洁白细腻,酒香味浓郁,有愉快的偏酸味和较强的杀口感。     

自然降水与太行山区玉米单产形成的关系——以武安市为例

为了研究太行山区降雨量对玉米单产的变化规律,指导玉米实际生产。本研究选择武安市降雨量和玉米单产为研究对象,采用散点图、建立线性方程、线性回归显著性分析等方法,通过统计、对比描述等方式,分析武安市降雨量对玉米单产的关系。结果表明,降雨与玉米的单产之间具有一定关系,且生育期降雨量对玉米单产具有显著性影响。(1)在490 mm降雨范围内,玉米的单产随着降雨量的增加而增加,大于490 mm降雨时,玉米的单产与降雨量负相关。(2)玉米的单产受7月和8月的降雨量影响显著,且降雨量约278 mm时,玉米的单产较大。     

Assessing the efficacy and impact of management of an invasive species in a protected area: Poa annua on sub‐Antarctic Macquarie Island

Plant eradication is difficult, particularly in remote, protected areas. The Southern Ocean Islands are very isolated and highly protected, but the flora contains many alien plants. Small restricted populations have been eradicated, but eradication of established species has proven difficult. A better understanding of the efficacy of control methods at sub‐Antarctic temperatures and their off‐target impacts may increase eradication success. With interest in controlling non‐native Poa annua in the region, we aimed to determine if physical and chemical methods can control P. annua (the sub‐Antarctic biotype) in sub‐Antarctic conditions and examined their impact on native plants. We quantified the effectiveness of physical control methods on P. annua in situ on sub‐Antarctic Macquarie Island through field‐based experiments and assessed their selectivity on P. annua compared with native grasses. We also quantified the effectiveness of several herbicides on P. annua at sub‐Antarctic temperatures and assessed their selectivity on native grasses. Of the four physical disturbance methods tested, none effectively reduced P. annua cover as one‐off treatments. Of the herbicide treatments, glyphosate and trifloxysulfuron sodium were effective and were less damaging to native grass species, indicating potential selectivity. Physical control was of limited effectiveness, but did not affect native species richness. An integrated weed management programme utilising the strategic use of selective herbicides with follow‐up chemical and physical intervention may balance control and biodiversity outcomes. This research highlights the importance of site‐specific testing of control methods and understanding off‐target impacts of control when managing alien plant species in protected areas.