高粱抗旱性状的变异系数与杂种优势

对6个杂交种及其相应亲本在水地、旱地两种环境条件下9个性状的变异系数和杂种优势进行了统计分析。变异系数旱地变幅较大，表现在二级技梗数的变异上，水地变异幅度相差2．3倍，而旱地变异幅度则相差4．4倍。在杂种优势的表现上，水地明显超过旱地，这说明培育高产抗旱杂交种的难度所在。从而提出在旱地育种上，在注意提高茎叶重的前提下，直接选择二、三级枝梗数多的材料，有可能培育出抗旱和杂种优势强的杂交种。     

高粱两用不育系HS-57的不育性和恢复性研究

HS-57为高粱两用不育系,对其雄性不育的不育性和恢复性研究表明,HS-57在晋中盆地的育性表现,不同年份存在差异。其不育性的恢复受两对等位显性基因控制。A1类型保持系不能恢复其育性,A2类型保持系和恢复系对其育性表现恢复。     

高粱不同分类组杂种优势和配合力的研究

以３份高粱不育系和２４份恢复系组配的７２个杂交种及其亲本为试材，研究了不同高粱分类组的杂种优势和配合力。结果表明，７种性状的总平均优势为１２１．５％。株高和穗长正优势占９８．６％和９７．１％，产量和产量组分在５２．８％～８１．９％之间，出苗至５０％开花日数负优势占８７．５％。不同分类组小区产量、穗粒重和穗粒数的杂种优势差异较大，除穗粒数外，顶尖族组和混合族组的平均超高亲优势水平和次数都高于都拉族组。顶尖族组的ＳＣ７２６１４和ＳＣ５４１４，都拉族组的Ｓ２１０１４和混合族组的ＳＣ３７０１４和Ｓ１１０１４Ｅ的产量及其多数产量组分具一般配合力正效应，并达到显著或极显著平准。在１０个最高产杂交种中，父本是顶尖族的６个，属顶尖工艺群；父本是混合族组的４个，分属惹拉—惹拉、顶尖—考拉和浅黑—菲特瑞塔工艺群。因此，从顶尖族和混合族组里选择亲本更易获得强优势杂交种。     

国家作物种质库长期贮藏的高粱种子生活力监测研究

【目的】了解国家作物种质库贮藏高粱种子的生活力状况，为国家作物种质库贮存高粱种子及其它作物种子生活力监测及更新方案的制定提供参考，达到长期安全保存种质资源的目的。【方法】对在国家作物种质库贮藏10年以上的3 300份高粱种子的生活力进行了监测，分析了不同起始发芽率和来自不同供种单位和年份种子的生活力变化，探讨了种子起始质量对贮存效果的影响。【结果】90%的种子在国家作物种质库贮存10年后的发芽率仍保持在入库最低标准85%以上，有33份（占被监测份数的1.00%）出现了明显下降，发芽率从85%以上下降至70%以下。从总体上看，低发芽率水平的种子份数增加，高发芽率水平的种子份数减少。来自不同供种单位和不同年份种子间的发芽率下降差异显著。【结论】在进行种子生活力监测时应首先监测生活力出现显著下降的送存单位提供的种子。另外，监测时应按顺序一份一份地检测，不能进行抽测，因即使是同一单位在同一年份送存的种子生活力变化范围非常大。种子在繁殖或更新时还应将其生长季节，特别是种子成熟和收获时候的气候条件进行记录。     

革命英雄传奇神话的历史终结——论莫言《红高粱家族》的文学史意义

在中国现代文学运动发展史上,《红高粱家族》的出现具有审美转型的深刻意义。作者用“虚构叙事”取代“亲历在场”,用“酒色财气”颠覆“英雄崇拜”,用“灵魂救赎”挑战“旧梦新知”,并以强烈的艺术理性精神,宣告了革命英雄传奇神话的历史终结。     

蚯蚓对土壤-植物系统中菲、芘降解的强化效应研究

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了蚯蚓（Pheretima sp.）对土壤-植物系统中菲、芘的去除效果的强化作用及对土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,在试验浓度范围（0~322 mg.kg-1）内,蚯蚓对供试植物苏丹草（Sorghum vulgare L.）生长促进作用显著。接种蚯蚓的土壤中,苏丹草在菲、芘各浓度下总生物量较未接种蚯蚓土壤分别提高14.41%~25.91%、14.39%~23.9%;蚯蚓活动可促进土壤-植物系统中菲、芘的降解,接种蚯蚓处理中菲、芘各浓度下降解率较未接种蚯蚓处理分别高4.20%~9.76%、3.69%~9.38%。土壤酶活性测定结果也显示蚯蚓活动可增加土壤酶的活性。     

Genetic control of sorghum resistance to leaf anthracnose

A study was carried out to investigate the inheritance of resistance to anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum, in sorghum. Crosses between resistant and susceptible parents and backcrosses between F₁ plants and the susceptible parents were carried out under field conditions. The F₁ generations and the segregant populations were evaluated under artificial inoculation conditions in the greenhouse. In the F₁ generation of all crosses with the respective isolates, all of the plants presented a resistance reaction except for the F₁ plants resulting from the BR009 × SC283 cross. In the F₂ generation, the frequencies of resistant and susceptible plants conformed to the hypothesis that one gene with two alleles controls host resistance, except in one cross. Out of the eight backcrosses, six presented segregation that corresponded to the hypothesis formulated. For most crosses, resistance was dominant, and the proportions of resistant and susceptible plants in the segregant populations conformed to the frequencies expected under the hypothesis of gene‐for‐gene resistance and dominant gene action.     

固定化酵母粒子强化及其对甜高粱茎秆汁液乙醇发酵的影响

采用正交试验设计开展了三亚乙基四胺(TTA)和戊二醛(GLU)的浓度和处理时间对海藻酸钙固定化酵母粒子的化学强度影响的试验研究，并以甜高粱茎秆汁液为原料，在5 L的反应器中进行乙醇发酵试验，考察强化后的固定化酵母粒子对乙醇发酵的影响。结果表明，最优的固定酵母粒子强化处理的方案为：TTA浓度为0.5%，处理时间为120 min；GLU浓度为0.5%，处理时间为8 min。连续8批次的甜高粱茎秆汁液乙醇发酵试验结果表明，最优组合强化后固定化酵母粒子用于乙醇发酵时，平均乙醇得率和变异系数(CV%)分别为84.78%和8.08%，而未强化的固定化酵母籽子为84.32%和9.68%，可见，最优组合强化后的固定化酵母粒子的发酵性能略优于未强化的固定化酵母籽子。该文为固定化酵母发酵甜高粱茎秆汁液制取生物乙醇技术的研究提供了参考。     

Genetic diversity in Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench accessions from different ecogeographical regions in Malawi assessed with RAPDs

Genetic variation within and among several Sorghum populations from different agroecological zones in Malawi were investigated using random amplified polymorphic markers (RAPDs). DNA samples from individual plants were analyzed using 35 oligonucleotides of random sequence. Twenty five of these primers allowed amplifications of random polymorphic (RAPD) loci. Overall, 52% of the scored loci were polymorphic. Every accession was genetically distinct. The analysis of molecular variance revealed that the within-region (among accessions) variations accounted for 96.43% of the total molecular variance. Observed variations in allelic frequency was not related to agroecological differences. The degree of band sharing was used to evaluate genetic distance between accessions and to construct a phylogenetic tree. Further analysis revealed that the sorghum accessions analyzed were genetically close despite considerable phenotypic diversity within and among them. It is suggested that all the sorghum landraces currently available in Malawi should be conserved both ex situ and in situ to maintain the current level of genetic diversity.     

A mycorrhizal pathogen (Glomus macrocarpum Tul. & Tul.) of tobacco: effects of long- and short-term cropping on the mycorrhizal fungal community and stunt disease

A crop rotation experiment was conducted on two adjacent tracts of land differing in long-term croppin history (30 year in tall fescue pasture or 3 year in sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (SSGH).. Short-term crops were 2 years in tobacco or low-endophyte (Acremonium coenophialum Morgan-Jones & Gams) tall fescue. Tobacco was grown on all plots in Year 3, and data relating mycorrhizal stunt disease of tobacco and populations of the stunt pathogen, Glomus macrocarpum Tul. & Tul., and of other members of the mycorrhizal fungal community, were taken. Disease incidence was highest with SSGH-tobacco and lowest with fescue-fescue, the other two combinations being intermediate. Mycorrhizal colonization was related to disease occurence. At the beginning of the season, populations of G. macrocarpum were equally high in land with a long-term history of SSGH, regardless of its short-term history; but at the end of the season, populations of G. macrocarpum among the four treatments were proportional to the incidence of disease. Populations of four mycorrhizal fungal species which were high in land with a short-term history of fescue were depressed by production of tobacco. Monocropping of tobacco appeared to narrow the diversity of the mycorrhizal fungal community and increased the proportion which is pathogenic, the overall result being lower productivity of soil for tobacco. Crop rotation of tobacco with fescue decreased the proportion of the mycorrhizal fungal community which is pathogenic and maintained productivity of soil for tobacco.