Incongruity of interspecific and intergeneric crosses involving Nicotiana and Petunia species that exhibit potential for somatic hybridization

Summary Extensive pollinations were made in attempts to produce selected intergeneric or interspecific hybrids using Nicotiana and Petunia species that exhibit potential for somatic hybridization. Pollination between pairs of species was done by standard and bud-pollination methods. Nicotiana alata or N. tabacum when pollinated reciprocally with selected Petunia species failed to produce hybrids. Likewise, no interspecific hybrids were obtained between Petunia parviflora and 4 Petunia species or P. hybrida. The type of incongruity existing between these species is discussed in relation to the production of hybrids by standard In vitro techniques as compared to somatic hybridization.On leave from the Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, Michigan, USA. supported by a European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) fellowship and The Fred C. Gloeckner Foundation, N. Y., USA.Supported by the Agricultural Research Council.     

Relationship between somaclonal variation and type of culture in cucumber

Highly inbred B line of cucumber was used to compare the effect of four types of in vitro culture on somaclonal variation. The plants were regenerated from the following types of culture: twelve- and eighteen-month-old liquid culture of meristematic clumps (LMC₁₂₍₁₈₎), ten-month-old embryogenic cytokinin-dependent suspension (CDS), eighteen-month-old embryogenic cytokinin-dependent suspension in medium with modified NH⁺ ₄/NO₃ ^- ratio (CDS 1.7), twelve-month-old embryogenic auxin-dependent suspension (ADS), thirty six-month-old embryogenic auxin-dependent suspension in medium with modified NH⁺ ₄/NO₃ ^- ratio (ADS 1.7) and recurrent leaf callus regeneration (RLC) – repeated 5 times. The differences in the incidence of the following properties were observed: the ploidy of R₀ plants, the segregation of new morphological traits in R₁ and the germination ability of R₁ seeds. R₁ families with the segregation of new phenotypes were most numerous in CDS (62.5%) and LMC₁₈ (57.9%), next in CDS1.7 (35.7%), while the smallest number was found in LMC₁₂ (11.1%) and RLC (3.4%).Tetraploid and mixoploid plants occurred in ADS1.7 and ADS (100%) whereas CDS and RLC were observed to contain only tetraploids, respectively 33.3% and 55.2%. There were no changes of ploidy after LMC₁₂, LMC₁₈ and CDS1.7. Among new phenotypes there were such that have not been described so far in cucumber: ginkgolike leaf (gll), yellow-green chlorophyll mutants (y-gc), serrate margin of corolla in male and female flowers (smc). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

不同融合液对延边黄牛体细胞核移植效率的影响

[目的]探寻适宜延边黄牛体细胞核移植的最佳融合液。[方法]用延边黄牛颗粒细胞为供体细胞。试验1,比较3种浓度(0.25、0.280、.30 mol/L)3种融合液(蔗糖、D-山梨醇、甘露醇)对核移植胚胎融合率及重组胚体外发育的影响。试验2,比较3种0.28 mol/L融合液对核移植效率的影响。[结果]3种浓度的蔗糖、D-山梨醇、甘露醇融合液的融合率和卵裂率差异均不显著,但0.28 mol/L融合液处理的重组胚后期发育相对较好。3组融合液融合率(88.44%、86.83%、86.85%)差异不显著,蔗糖、甘露醇融合液卵裂率(87.98%、86.06%)差异不显著,在0.05水平上显著高于D-山梨醇融合液(78.64%);蔗糖、甘露醇融合液囊胚发育率(22.16%、19.91%)差异不显著,在0.05水平上显著高于D-山梨醇融合液(10.14%)。[结论]适宜延边黄牛体细胞核移植的最佳融合液为0.28 mol/L蔗糖融合液。     

农杆菌介导法将Bt基因转入大豆的研究

以6个品种大豆体细胞胚为受体,以Bt基因为目的基因,应用根癌农杆茵介导法对大豆进行了遗传转化,经体细胞胚萌发、生根及壮苗培养和卡那霉素选择培养,获得了完整的抗性再生苗,经PCR、PCR-Southern和点杂交分析鉴定,初步证明外源基因Bt已整合到大豆的基因组中。     

厚叶岩白菜叶片离体培养研究

以厚叶岩白菜无菌苗的嫩叶为试验起始材料,研究了其离体培养诱导不定芽再生和体胚发生的过程。结果表明,叶片可以诱导出愈伤组织,诱导培养基为MS+1.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.1mg/L KT+0.5mg/L VC;愈伤组织增殖的最佳培养基为MS+1.0mg/L ZT+0.1mg/L NAA+0.5mg/L VC;诱导不定芽分化的最佳培养基为MS+1.0mg/L 6-BA+0.1mg/L IBA+0.5mg/L VC,诱导率最高为30%;体胚发生的最佳培养基为MS+1.0mg/L ZT+0.1mg/L IBA+0.5mg/L,分化率最高为26.67%。     

原生质体电融合再生柑橘属间四倍体体细胞杂种

自 Ohgawara等 (1 985)得到枳与 Trovita甜橙属间体细胞杂种植株近 1 5年来 ,已得到了约 1 50例柑橘体细胞杂种〔3〕,其中有种、属间有性和嫁接亲和的组合 ,也有有性和嫁接均不亲和的属间、族间组合。这些体细胞杂种的获得 ,丰富了柑橘的种质资源库 ,为育种提供了可供选择和利用的新型试材。本文报道的是最近获得的一例金柑与柑橘属间体细胞杂种。1　材料与方法1 .1　材料丹西红橘 (Citrusreticulata )愈伤组织悬浮系继代 3次后 ,于第 7～ 1 0天时取愈伤组织分离原生质体 ;长寿金柑 (Fortunella obovata )种子播种于 MT基本培养基 (含 3 …     

芜菁小孢子胚胎发生及其显微结构观察研究

以喀什芜菁为材料,利用显微镜技术,研究小孢子胚胎发生过程。试验结果表明,没有进行热激处理的小孢子主要是沿配子体途径发育,即从四分体,经由单核靠边期、双核期,发育成为成熟的花粉粒过程;33℃热激处理1~3 d后,小孢子改变发育途径,沿孢子体途径发育。部分小孢子出现细胞膨大,发生第一次有丝分裂分裂,形成2—细胞,2个子细胞之一发生垂直于子细胞壁方向的分裂,形成"T"型3—细胞原胚然后沿多细胞原胚、胚柄球形胚、鱼雷形胚、心形胚最终发育成子叶型胚。但随培养天数增加,大多数膨大的细胞不能分裂或分裂后停止发育。     

在继代培养中贡蕉胚性悬浮细胞的分化能力和染色体数目的变化

将贡蕉[Musa acuminata cv.Mas(AA)]胚性悬浮细胞通过不同时间的培养后,对其体胚发生能力和染色体数目进行了分析。结果表明,随着培养时间的延长,贡蕉胚性悬浮细胞的体胚发生能力下降,继代培养1.5a的悬浮细胞体胚发生能力为1.76×104个/mLPCV(packed cell volume,细胞密实体积)胚性悬浮细胞,继代培养3a后下降到0.85×104个/mL PCV胚性悬浮细胞。整个胚性细胞悬浮系为混倍体,细胞的染色体数目变化从3个到70个不等,既有含染色体数目为整倍体的细胞,也含有大量染色体数目为非整倍体的细胞;继代培养1.5a时,含正常二倍体染色体数目的细胞比例为15.8%,继代培养3.0a时下降到9.7%。     

芸薹属蔬菜遗传改良与种质创新研究进展

芸薹属植物是我国蔬菜的重要组成部分,其遗传资源的多样性直接关系到我国蔬菜产业的进一步发展和提升。本文综述了近年来通过远缘杂交、种间嫁接、体细胞杂交、分子育种等技术手段,在芸薹属蔬菜遗传改良和种质创新中取得的重要研究成果,并对芸薹属蔬菜种质改良方法以及亲本新资源的创制提出了展望。     

龙眼体细胞胚发生中期的蛋白质组学研究

 【目的】了解龙眼体细胞胚发生中期（球形胚至子叶形胚）蛋白质组的变化,为进一步阐明植物体细胞胚发生的机制提供依据。【方法】进行龙眼体细胞胚发生中期的同步化调控,采用双向电泳和质谱对龙眼体细胞胚发生中期的蛋白质组变化进行分析。【结果】龙眼体细胞胚发生中期表达蛋白的种类随着体细胞胚的发育逐渐减少,但在鱼雷形胚阶段其种类数量有所回升,且增加的蛋白分子质量小于66.0 kD,pI主要集中在5.00—7.00。成功鉴定了35个差异蛋白,发现了多个与体细胞胚发生密切相关的蛋白。1/2以上的蛋白与代谢途径有关,多个蛋白与氧化胁迫有关。RAN2 和 GTPase ObgE在龙眼体细胞胚发生中期发生了活跃的变化。【结论】随着体细胞胚的发育,细胞不断分化,体细胞胚中表达的蛋白种类减少。氧化胁迫相关蛋白、RAN2 和 GTPase ObgE与龙眼体细胞胚发生的调控有关。