Potential for Selection in the Progeny of an Interspecific Hybrid in Foxtail Millet

Genetic variation for morphology and grain yield components was studied in the F₂ and 14 F₃ families of an interspecific cross of Setaria italica (foxtail millet) with S. viridis s. s. (green foxtail). It appeared possible to recover the cultivated type using a simple selection procedure in F₂ and F₃. Comparison with a cross involving S. viridis var. major (giant green foxtail) is discussed.     

Development of EST-SSR in foxtail millet (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Setaria italica</Emphasis>)

The development of EST-SSR in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) for polymorphism and transferability study was reported here. From 1213 EST sequences, 30 SSRs were obtained and primers were designed for 26 SSRs. Among them, four pairs of SSR primers amplified polymorphic products in 12 foxtail millet cultivars and one accession of Setaria viridis, a wild relative of foxtail millet, with 10 alleles detected for the four loci and 2.5 alleles per locus. In addition, ten SSR markers could be transferred to other nine Gramineae species. The putative functions of 11 ESTs containing polymorphic and transferable SSRs were also identified.     

赤霉素和脱落酸对谷子黄化幼苗中胚轴伸长生长的调节

对冀谷１１号及矮秆突变体矮宁黄、ＣＨ８４１１３黄化幼苗中胚轴伸长生长的研究发现，０．１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ左右的赤纱和脱落酸可显著促进谷子中胚轴的伸长，其中ＧＡ３的效应高于ＧＡ１的ＡＢＡ和ＧＡ之间有叠加效应，矮秆突变体对ＧＡ和ＡＢＡ的反应尤为敏感；Ｓ－３３０６７和高浓度的ＧＡ、ＡＢＡ抑制中胚轴的伸长，Ｓ－３３０７预处理使的效应延缓，并且使ＡＢＡ不再表现出促进效应。     

细胞质抗除草剂谷子遗传发育特点及应用研究

【目的】研究细胞质抗除草剂基因对谷子性状和发育的影响。【方法】利用细胞质抗除草剂谷子与敏感型谷子正反交和多代回交等方法，获得了同核异质杂交群体和近等基因系，比较其F1、F2、回交和复合杂交世代的群体差异和近等基因系的生长发育差异。【结果】具有抗除草剂细胞质的谷子苗期发育迟缓、抽穗晚，灌浆时间短；用其杂交获得的回交、复合杂交及F2的多数群体表现了生长弱势。但是具有细胞质除草剂抗性的谷子，在杂交F1代可产生较大的杂种优势；回交、复合交和F2代有较大的分离，并且个别组合表现了与敏感细胞质一样的丰产性。【结论】细胞质抗除草剂基因对谷子的生长和性状发育有影响，但利用杂交种可避免细胞质抗性产生的不利影响，获得丰产性；对抗性杂交群体和个体进行选择可达到预期效果。在对抗除草剂谷子选育时，应注重苗期发育快、根系发达、抽穗早、灌浆速度快的单株。把以上的研究结果应用于实践，获得了多个细胞质抗除草剂谷子的丰产杂交组合和品系。     

谷子显性恢复基因的AFLP分析

赤峰显性核不育谷子是在谷子中首次发现的核不育材料,该材料的育性受2对核显性基因互作控制,一对是显性核不育基因Msch,另一对是显性上位育性恢复基因Rf。两者共同存在时显性上位育性恢复基因Rf能抑制显性核不育基因Msch的表达,从而表现可育。利用已构建的不育基因Msch的上位育性恢复基因Rf的近等基因系(NILs)为材料,通过对300对AFLP引物组合进行筛选,找到了与显性上位育性恢复基因Rf紧密连锁的2个AFLP标记(E15/M52和E20/M41),与不育基因的遗传距离分别是7.0c M和12.7 c M,而且位于不育基因的同一侧,标记间相距5.7 c M。     

谷子NBS类型抗病基因同源序列的克隆与分析

以谷子(Setaria italica Beauv.)抗锈病植株十里香和感锈病植株豫谷1号为材料,利用抗病基因同源序列(RGA)技术克隆谷子核苷酸结合位点(NBS)类型RGA并进行分析.共获得了3个RGA,分别命名为RUS1-1、RUS1-2、RUS1-3(Resistance against Uromyces setariae-italicae,RUS),它们编码的蛋白质均含有NBS类型抗病基因编码蛋白的共有特征结构域P-loop和Kinase2α.BLASTX分析结果表明,3个RGA的编码蛋白与水稻中含有NB-ARC信号传导结构域的蛋白质、NBS-LRR类型抗病基因等的编码蛋白同源性为47％～66％.聚类分析结果表明,3个RGA属于NBS-LRR类型抗病基因,且与番茄NBS-LRR类型抗病基因12聚为一类.     

Development and utilization of novel SSRs in foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.]

Although the foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.] is recently regarded as a model crop for studying functional genomics of biofuel grasses, its genetic improvement to some extent was limited due to the non‐availability of molecular markers, particularly the microsatellite markers and the saturated genetic linkage map. Considering this, we attempted to generate a significant number of microsatellite markers in cultivar ‘Prasad’. Two hundred and fifty‐six clones were sequenced to generate 41.82‐kb high‐quality sequences retrieved from genomic library enriched with dinucleotide repeat motifs. Microsatellites were identified in 194 (76%) of the 256 positive clones, and 64 primer pairs (pp) were successfully designed from 95 (49%) unique SSR‐containing clones. The 67.4% primer designing ability, 100% PCR amplification efficiency and 45.3% polymorphic potential in the parents of F₂ mapping population established the efficacy of genomic microsatellites. All the 64 microsatellite markers displayed high level of cross‐species amplification (~67%) in 10 millets and non‐millets species. These experimental findings suggest the utility and efficacy of SSRs in diverse genotyping applications, resolving QTLs, phylogenetic relationships and transferability in several important grass species.     

The role of nickel on somatic embryogenesis in Setaria italica L. in vitro

Nickel (0.13, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l) increased the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis in leaf base and mesocotyl derived calli of Setaria italica. A lower concentration of nickel in the culture media promoted long-term maintenance of embryogenic calli that regenerated into plantlets. The plants obtained from embryogenic calli grown on Ni-containing medium showed tolerance to nickel. The growth of embryogenic callus was the maximum at 1.5 mg/l as compared to a lower or a higher concentration of Ni. Use of nickel may help in the induction of high frequency somatic embryogenesis in Setaria italica. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

赤霉素反应敏感型和不敏感型谷子矮秆突变体的鉴定

采用赤霉素点滴法（苗期）浸渍法（芽期）以及喷洒法（拔节期）对３种谷子矮杆突变体的赤霉素反应敏感性进行了研究,结果表明矮宁黄和６２３Ｃ属赤霉素反应敏感型,它们苗期的叶片和叶鞘及拔节期的节间均可随外加赤霉素而显著伸长,达到正常株（苗）高,ＣＨ８４１１３则属于赤霉素反应不敏感型,多种赤霉素（ＧＡ１,ＧＡ３,ＧＡ７,ＧＡ９）处理均不能其株（苗）高恢复正常,用ＥＬＩＳＡＣ地３各矮秆突变体和正常品种伸长敏感期