Yield and nitrogen response of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) to Sesbania rostrata and Aeschynomene afraspera green manure in different marginally productive soils in the Philippines

Organic-N fertilizers in the form of flood-tolerant, leguminous, stem-nodulating Sesbania rostrata and Aeschynomene afraspera may be useful alternatives to resource-poor rice farmers if applied as green manure. Therefore, the accumulation of N by these green manure species and their effect on the performance and yield of wetland rice (IR 64) was examined at four different sites in Luzon, Philippines. Soils deficient in N, P, and K were selected and compared with the fertile Maahas clay of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) at Los Baños. The green manure plants were grown under flooded conditions for 49 days in the wet season of 1987, chopped, and then ploughed in before transplanting rice seedlings. In a second experiment, the effect of S. rostrata green manure was studied under rainfed conditions. All green manure treatments were compared to an urea treatment (60 kg N ha^–1) and an untreated control. Both legumes developed well, even on the marginally productive soils. S. rostrata accumulated up to 190 kg N ha^–1 and A. afraspera even accumulated 196 kg N ha^–1 in the shoots. In all treatments, green manure increased grain yield significantly (P=0.05) over the untreated control, by 1.3–1.7 Mg ha^–1. The yields were comparable to those obtained with 60 kg N ha^–1 of urea fertilizer. S. rostrata caused the highest grain yield, of 6.5 Mg ha^–1 on the Maahas clay soil of IRRI. The apparent release of exchangeable NH ₄ ⁺ -N in the soils after green manuring and the rice grain yield response showed that both green manure species may provide sufficient available N throughout the development of IR 64 in the wet season. In the rainfed marginal soil site, green manure with S. rostrata produced even higher rice grain yields than urea. Green manure therefore seems particularly attractive for poor farmers on marginally productive soils, at least as a temporary strategy to improve yield and yield sustainability.     

基于高通量测序的不同轮作方式下烟田土壤细菌群落组成分析

在自然界中,土壤微生物与植物之间存在着密切的联系,土壤微生物依赖植物提供的养分而生存,同时对植物的生长发育起着促进作用.本研究利用Illumina HiSeq高通量测序技术,提取西双版纳烟田烟草连作、田菁轮作和青蒿轮作3种种植模式下土壤样品的总DNA,通过PCR方法扩增构建16S rRNA基因文库.结合生物信息学方法分...     

田菁改良重度盐渍化土壤的效果分析

为评价田菁改良重度盐渍化土壤的效果,试验设置4个处理：（1）只种植田菁(T);（2）种植田菁,施用二铵450 kg/hm²(TA);（3）种植田菁,施用磷石膏2250 kg/hm²(TG);（4）不种植田菁的空白处理作对照(CK)。结果表明：施用磷石膏能够显著促进田菁生长(P<0.05),TG处理地上部、地下部生物量较T、TA处理分别增加了14.24%、24.77%和8.32%、12.39%,施用二铵对田菁生长的促进作用不显著。种植田菁能够显著降低重度盐渍化土壤含盐量、容重,提高土壤速效氮、速效钾、水溶性有机质(DOC)含量,及土壤大团聚体含量、平均重量直径(MWD)、总孔隙度(P<0.05),TG处理改良效果最大。相关分析表明,盐渍化土壤含盐量、Na⁺含量、DOC、有机质是维系盐渍化土壤结构的关键性状,降低土壤含盐量、Na⁺含量,提高DOC、有机质含量是盐渍化土壤改良方向。种植田菁,同时施用磷石膏是一种快速提升重度盐渍化土壤肥力的有效方法。