三维测量中相机镜头畸变修正算法的研究

作为逆向工程技术的必要手段,三维测量技术在工业和农业领域有着广泛的应用。利用图像识别技术捕捉曲面特征点三维坐标是三维测量的一种有效方法,而相机的镜头畸变是造成数字相机影像误差的主要原因之一。为了保证测量精度,必须对镜头畸变进行修正。在阐述镜头畸变类型的基础上,对相机镜头畸变的修正模型进行理论推导,并提出一种简单快捷的修正参数求解方法。     

二倍体月季F_1群体的SSR鉴定与遗传分析

以中国古老月季品种‘月月粉’(Rosa chinensis‘Old Blush’,用OB表示)为母本,‘无刺光叶蔷薇’(Rosa wichuriana‘Basye’s Thornless’,用W表示)为父本,构建F_1代共296个单株。从146对SSR标记中筛选出亲本间多态性好且条带清晰的23对SSR标记,对随机选择的94株F_1进行杂种鉴定和遗传分析。结果表明:筛选到3个纯合显性标记分别为Fv512、Fv609和305,可单独一次性鉴定全部杂种真实性;随机筛选的94株子代均为真杂种;20个SSR标记用于基因型分析,有9个标记出现了偏分离,并在统计上达到显著或极显著水平,偏分离率45%,说明该F_1群体基于SSR位点的基因型偏分离率较高,在进行高密度遗传图谱构建时应重视偏分离标记对作图的影响;UPGMA聚类分析显示,94株F_1的遗传变异大,且遗传多样性丰富,可划分为2个大类7个亚类。     

Cytogenetic analysis of a spontaneous 5B/6B translocation in tetraploid wheat landraces from Ethiopia, and implications for breeding

Three tetraploid (2n= 4x= 28) wheat Triticum turgidum L. landrace morphotypes (= genotypes) from Ethiopia were found to carry a variant karyotype directly discernible under the microscope. This was possible because the rearrangement involved one of the satellited chromosomes. Giemsa C-banding revealed that the rearrangement resulted from a 5BS.6BS(5BL.6BL) centric reciprocal translation. The banding pattern on 5BL was polymorphic, suggesting that this translocation might have occurred more than once. There was little C-band polymorphism for the remaining chromosomes, except for 2A. As pure lines, all three morphotypes showed normal chromosome pairing at metaphase I (MI) in pollen mother cells (PMCs). indicating that they are genomically stable. Meiotic analyses of F₁ hybrids and F₂ segregates derived from crosses with tester varieties clearly indicated that one of them (B-l–9) carried another translocation. However, we were not successful in delecting the chromosomes involved, presumably the interchanged segments did nol include C-banding regions. By using T5BS.6BS, direct evidence for segregation distortion against translocation homozygotes in intervarietal hybrids was obtained. The distorted segregation was attributed lo zygotic selection. No aneuploid plants were obtained from the F₂ segregates. However, translocation heterozygotes resulting in unstable meiosis were abundant in the F₂ generation. The implications of the results in using the indigenous landraces in hybridization breeding are discussed.     

水稻SSR标记在RI群体的偏分离分析

以完成了部分测序的培矮64s和全基因组测序已经完成了的粳稻日本晴（Nipponbare）为亲本杂交得到的F6群体作为构图群体,共330个单株,构建了一张含92个微卫星标记的水稻分子遗传图谱。结果发现该F6群体有较高的偏分离现象,有63个分子标记表现偏分离（P〈0．05）,占总标记数的68．47％,在这些偏分离标记中,有60个标记偏向母本培矮64s,我们对这种偏分离现象和原因进行了分析讨论。     

利用PLDMV/Twin-Strep侵染性克隆纯化HC-Pro病毒蛋白

番木瓜畸形花叶病毒(Papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus,PLDMV)是一种新的潜在威胁番木瓜种植业的病毒,其辅助成分蛋白酶(helper component-proteinase,HC-Pro)是PLDMV编码参与病毒复制、运动、寄主植物症状表现的多功能蛋白,因此纯化获得具有功能活性...     

AFLP分子标记在香菇F_1代群体中的多态性及分离方式

利用8对引物组合对AFLP标记在两个香菇菌株间(IB01×IB15)杂交F_1代的多态性及分离方式进行研究,结果显示,AFLP标记在该F_1代群体中的多态性较高,分离位点出现的平均频率是32.55%,分离方式有孟德尔分离、偏孟德尔分离及异常分离3种方式.3种分离位点出现的数量与平均频率分别为602、28.86%,271、12.99%,49、2.35%,其中孟德尔分离位点占分离位点总数的53.99%.15.34%的AFLP标记表现了偏分离,偏离的方向趋于亲本.     

香菇担孢子交配型比例偏分离的遗传分析

 【目的】验证香菇中担孢子交配型因子分离是否存在普遍意义的偏分离现象及其在栽培菌株与野生菌株中的表现。【方法】以17个野生和栽培香菇菌株为样本，采用交配型分析、OWE-SOJ技术鉴定孢子的交配型，对各类交配型的比例进行统计分析。【结果】占供试总数64.71%的菌株担孢子交配型不呈预期的分离比，其中12个供试栽培菌株中有9个，5个供试野生菌株中有2个；偏分离菌株中均有亲本型孢子数量多于重组型孢子的趋势，偏分离双核菌丝体的F1代担孢子的核型主要取决于双核亲本的组成。【结论】香菇中担孢子交配型因子分离偏离理论预期是一种统计学意义的普遍现象；偏离程度栽培菌株大于野生菌株。     

基于穗粒分布图的玉米果穗表型性状参数计算方法

玉米果穗表型性状是玉米育种、产量预测的重要参数,提出一种基于穗粒分布图的玉米果穗性状计算方法,全面解析玉米果穗和穗粒的几何、数量和颜色等表型性状。该文利用步进电机驱动果穗转动来获取果穗主要侧面图像,采用果穗畸变校正方法生成标准果穗图像序列,在像素尺度进行果穗轮廓分析,建立图像序列中果穗轮廓映射关系并生成果穗三维模型,在穗粒尺度拼接果穗整个表面的穗粒分布图,计算出果穗和穗粒的各项表型性状。试验结果表明,提出的表型性状计算方法对穗型及穗粒分布规则的玉米果穗具有较高检测精度,其中穗行数、行粒数、总粒数、果穗长和果穗粗的平均计算精度分别为98.231%、94.351%、96.921%、98.956%和98.165%。     

Optimization of a Reaction System of Sequence Related Amplified Polymorphism and Segregation of Polymorphic Loci in an F2 Population of Rice

An effective PCR protocol for detecting the sequence related amplified polymorphism （SRAP） in rice was developed. One hundred and ten pairs of SRAP primers were used for segregation analysis in an F2 population derived from a cross between Shennong 606 and Lijiangxintuanheigu. Among the 110 primer pairs, 35 pairs generated 143 polymorphic bands with an average of 4.09 polymorphic bands per primer pair, and 24 pairs （16.78%） showed the genetic distortion （P〈0.05）. Of the 24 primer pairs, 12 pairs deviated toward the male parent Shennong 606 and 11 pairs toward the female parent Lijiangxintuanheigu, only one toward heterozygote. It was found that the segregation distortion might be caused by the joint gametic and zygotic effects.     

玉米不同回交世代DH系遗传分析研究

[目的]研究不同回交世代DH系遗传分离规律。[方法]以"A619Ht3×辽3162"构建回交群体BC1F1和BC5F1,利用高频诱导系诱导加倍形成BC1F1和BC5F1的DH系,以DH系为材料,通过比较不同回交世代的DH系和父母本的农艺性状,对其做出评价,同时利用SSR分子标记分析DH系的遗传分离特性。[结果]DH系间株高、穗位高、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数等农艺性状存在较大的遗传变异,回交群体DH系中没有出现明显偏分离比例,通过χ^2检测,未达到显著水平。[结论]不同回交世代所创制的DH系的主要农艺性状差异均达到极显著水平,回交群体DH系中不存在明显的偏分离现象。