基于TRIZ理论解决立柱栽培蔬菜长势不均的问题

摘要：由于立柱基质栽培设施存在上下层水肥供应不均和阴阳面光照不均的问题,导致了蔬菜长势不均进而影响高产,为了解决这些问题,引入TRIZ理论,根据TRIZ一般解题流程,首先陈述具体技术问题,然后抽象为TRIZ通用问题模型,再运用TRIZ工具得到通用的解决方案模型,共获得16种解决方案,最后结合实际,通过方案评价进行选择和技术集成,最终优选出“立体水培（或气雾培）＋动态旋转＋周期性供水肥”的集成方案,解决了立柱基质栽培水肥供应不均和光照不均的问题,有望进一步实现蔬菜无土栽培提质增产。     

几种针叶树种引种试验研究

对20世纪80年代引种到湖北宜昌大老岭林场的北美、西欧、日本原产优良工业用材针叶树种的生长适应性等进行了研究.结果表明,欧洲云杉、日本冷杉表现突出,后期生长较快,后8 a年平均高生长都超过50 cm;欧洲赤松不同种源差异显著,其中优良种源在本地区有一定发展可能,法国奥尔良种源可作为优良种源进行推广;花旗松生长适应性较差,不经严格的再选择,难以直接大量引种.     

A proposal for enhanced EU herbage VCU and DUS testing procedures

Herbage production is regarded as having environment-friendly credentials. However, as the ruminant production it supports is facing major challenges on sustainability, environmental footprint and human health concerns, EU herbage cultivar testing must contribute to the solutions. Before new cultivars can be sold in a member state (MS) and gain EU-wide marketing, they must pass official tests to prove they are both novel (distinct, uniform and stable, DUS) with improved value for cultivation and use (VCU). Herbage species present specific challenges, as their allogamy imposes a wide within-cultivar variation that adds complexity to DUS tests and their “value” is only realized in ruminant produce. Current VCU systems measure production, chemical composition and disease/stress tolerances, often on large numbers of candidate cultivars, but prohibitive labour costs and logistics mean that animal intake, ruminant output or environmental benefits cannot be measured directly. Furthermore, some candidate cultivars with proven superior VCU fail DUS even though the non-distinct comparison is with a significantly lower performing registered cultivar. To resolve these problem cases, a “vmDUS” distinctness tool is proposed, which uses molecular markers but conforms to UPOV-declared principles. A short overview of current grassland research shows smart proxy measures of animal value can easily and quickly be adopted into an integrated pan-European (EU-VCU) test network. The proposed EU-VCU scheme will reallocate test resources to conduct these additional tests by placing MS in data sharing collaborations, while retaining their national listing authority. The benefits to all stakeholders from adopting these new testing procedures are considered.     

Impact of cash crop cultivation on household income and migration decisions: Evidence from low-income regions in China

This study examines the impact of cash crop cultivation on household income and migration decisions, using survey data collected from low-income regions in China. Given farmers decide themselves whether to cultivate cash crops, an endogenous treatment regression model that accounts for potential selection bias issue is used to analyze the data. The empirical results show that cash crop cultivation exerts a positive and statistically significant impact on household income, but it does not affect household migration decisions significantly. The disaggregated analyses reveal that cash crop cultivation significantly increases farm income but decreases off-farm income.     

浙江龙泉地区珍贵阔叶树种保护培育工作现状及对策

为了促进人与自然和谐相处,保障生态文明建设,应做好森林资源保护培育工作。通过分析浙江龙泉地区珍贵阔叶树种保护培育工作的现状及问题,提出相应的对策,以完善龙泉地区森林资源建设,促进林业可持续发展。     

河西走廊戈壁温室番茄无土栽培基质筛选

为提高番茄无土栽培质量,以番茄品种"金福莱"为试材,研究了6种不同配比基质对河西走廊温室无土栽培番茄生长的影响。结果表明:采用处理Ⅳ(沙∶玉米秸秆∶食用菌下脚料∶商品基质∶鸡粪=4∶5∶5∶6∶3)的基质配比(体积比),番茄光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO_2和气孔导度数值最大,植株保持较强的生长势与结果能力,番茄株高、茎粗、单株结果数、单株产量和折合667 m~2产量等性状均显著优于其他处理,分别为178.60 cm、1.13 cm、16.36个、3.12 kg和7 531.68 kg;其果实的可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、VC和番茄红素含量最高,分别为4.15%、0.58%、7.30%、302.2 mg/kg和152.4 mg/kg,明显优于其他处理;因此,在河西走廊戈壁温室番茄无土栽培中推荐使用此配比基质。     

郴州市辣木引种表现及矮化栽培技术

作为当代一种新资源树种辣木,在营养、保健和医药领域有很高的应用价值,开发前景广阔。本文对郴州地区辣木的引种表现进行了总结,将育苗、定植、矮化栽培管理、采收利用等技术要点进行归纳,为辣木的进一步开发利用提供技术支撑。     

富硒猕猴桃高产栽培技术

鲜嫩的果肉、独特的风味以及丰富的营养价值,使得猕猴桃被称为“维C之王”,微量元素硒对人体的健康至关重要。江苏北部自然资源丰富,适宜种植富硒猕猴桃,且临近上海等沿海经济带,有利于猕猴桃的保质保量运输和及时供应市场。本文主要分析了江苏北部地区优质猕猴桃的配套种植技术,从苗木的选择到高产措施,为高品质富硒猕猴桃的生产提供技术支持。     

T两优164在沙县作中稻种植表现及机械化高产栽培技术

T两优164是由福建六三种业有限责任公司、福建旺福农业发展有限公司、三明市农业科学研究院共同选育的中籼两系杂交水稻新品种。2018年在沙县作中稻示范种植,表现群体整齐,分蘖力强,穗大粒多,熟期转色好,米质较优,高产等特点。总结了T两优164在沙县作中稻种植表现及机械化高产栽培技术要点。     

不同栽培模式下草莓脱毒苗与常规苗对生长和结果影响的比较

以‘红颜’‘章姬’2个草莓品种脱毒苗和常规苗为试材,比较脱毒苗与常规苗在植物学生长特性和果实抗病性方面的表现,以期为上海地区草莓优质种苗的繁育、母苗选择、育苗方式的选择提供科学指导。结果表明:脱毒苗在炼苗期叶片病虫害发生率控制在0%~6%。在相同栽培模式下,‘红颜’脱毒苗的生长势较常规苗株高、冠径、单株匍匐茎和单株花序分别增加了8.40 cm、1.70 cm、1.75条、1.77个;‘章姬’脱毒苗的生长势较常规苗株高、冠径、单株匍匐茎和单株花序分别增加了3.89 cm、0.74 cm、1.60条、1.10个。同时‘红颜’脱毒苗定植后果实病害发生率从常规苗的17.33%降低到脱毒苗的2.66%;‘章姬’脱毒苗定植后果实病害发生率从常规苗的13.33%降低到0%。不同栽培模式下繁苗,‘红颜’脱毒苗在单层X支架式栽培下生长势较单层单列式栽培模式下株高、冠径和单株匍匐茎数目分别增加了6.10 cm、2.48 cm与2.77条。‘红颜’‘章姬’脱毒苗比常规苗在繁苗期生长势更旺盛,‘红颜’脱毒苗在生产时期果实病害发生率比常规苗极显著性降低,‘红颜’脱毒苗采用常规地垄式栽培比立架栽培植株生长势和繁苗率高。