青海云杉种实害虫危害情况及综合治理调查分析

青海云杉的种实害虫有十几种，危害严重的有三种，即云杉球果小卷蛾、云杉蛀果斑螟和云杉梢斑螟，主要发生在甘肃祁连山林区。本文经过调查，根据青海云杉和种实害虫的生物学特性，提出加强青海云杉林的经营管理，尽量减少广谱性化学药剂的大面积使用；尽可能多的应用营林技术为主的、不杀伤天敌的防治措施，以达到青海云杉种实害虫综合治理的良性循环；并提出青海云杉种实害虫综合治理的策略、原则以及评价青海云杉种实害虫综合治理的步骤和方法。     

日本落叶松种子园种用价值测试初析

对我国６个主要日本落叶松种子园种用价值测验的结果表明，各地种子园的遗传品质差异显著。种用价值大小排序为：天麻＞桓仁＞清凉山＞白旗寨＞赤峰＞大孤家＞对照。初选出遗传品质较高的天麻、桓仁和清凉山种子园，６年生（连苗期）幼林树高、胸径、材积生长量可分别获得８４％—１１０％、１２７％—２６７％、２６９％—６６３％的遗传增益。白旗寨、赤峰和大孤家３个种子园虽有一定改良效果，但都低于总平均水平，并与对照差异不显著。研究结果对豫西地区引种和推行种子园种子造林有重要指导作用对我国６个主要日本落叶松种子园种用价值测验的结果表明，各地种子园的遗传品质差异显著。种用价值大小排序为：天麻＞桓仁＞清凉山＞白旗寨＞赤峰＞大孤家＞对照。初选出遗传品质较高的天麻、桓仁和清凉山种子园，６年生（连苗期）幼林树高、胸径、材积生长量可分别获得８４％—１１０％、１２７％—２６７％、２６９％—６６３％的遗传增益。白旗寨、赤峰和大孤家３个种子园虽有一定改良效果，但都低于总平均水平，并与对照差异不显著。研究结果对豫西地区引种和推行种子园种子造林有重要指导作用     

Conversion of native forest to exotic Pinus radiata plantation: Response of understorey plant composition using a plant functional trait approach

This study aimed to determine the response of native plant species to changed growing conditions, especially increased shade, following establishment of exotic Pinus radiata plantation on cleared native eucalypt forest. In the Northern Hemisphere, species tolerant to shading are typically herbaceous perennials, with large seeds, no obvious mechanism of seed dispersal, and spread by clonal means. We investigated whether life form, mode of seed dispersal, leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), nutrient uptake strategy, seed mass, fire response, plant height, and clonal spread differed between understorey species of pine plantation and native forest. Further, we asked whether plant functional traits that confer tolerance to stress through shading differ from those in other floras. The study was conducted on the Delatite Peninsula in north-eastern Victoria, Australia. Vegetation of adjacent native forest and pine plantation were surveyed using eight 7 m × 7 m plots per site, randomly located within five paired sites. Differences in plant traits between land-use types were tested by Non-metric Multi-dimensional Scaling (NMDS), analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) and paired t-tests. Cluster analysis of the nine plant traits was used to define emergent groups, with differences between land-use types examined by ANOSIM and indicator species analysis. There was a significant change in the composition of understorey vegetation following conversion to pine plantation that included a decline in the richness of native species. NMDS of plant attributes showed a clear separation of native forest from pine plantation with land use strongly correlated in ordination space (r² = 0.611). Cluster analysis produced seven emergent groups of plant functional traits for 78 identified plant species. Phanerophytes split into two groups (myrmecochorous trees and shrubs; myrmecochorous shrubs), perennial herbs into four groups (upright herbs, myrmecochorous herbs, barochorous herbs, flat rosette herbs) with one group representing therophytes and anemochorous perennials. Perennial herbs with intermediate SLA and clonal spread were tolerant of the shaded conditions in pine plantation while the two groups of phanerophytes and the myrmecochorous herbs were largely excluded. Shared traits of excluded emergent groups included those that provided an over-riding adaptation to mineral nutrient stress, including myrmecochory, low SLA, ectomycorrhizal and ericoid mycorrhizal associations and N₂-fixation. These plant traits could not provide tolerance to stress through shading, which is better explained by the open canopied nature of the native forest.     

圆锥梾木种仁油理化性质及脂肪酸成分分析

采用索氏抽提法提取圆锥梾木种仁油,分析了种仁油理化指标,并利用气相色谱质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对油的脂肪酸组成进行了分析。结果表明:圆锥梾木种仁出油率为7.0%,折光指数为1.4804,相对密度0.98,酸值(KOH)39.46mg/g,皂化值(KOH)175.94mg/g。经GC-MS分析鉴定,圆锥梾木种仁油检出11种脂肪酸成分,检出率99.70%。其中,饱和脂肪酸4种,含量占比为7.51%,不饱和脂肪酸7种,含量占比92.19%,未知成分0.3%。     

盐胁迫对紫丁香种子萌发及复萌的影响

为了探究紫丁香的耐盐性,用不同浓度盐溶液(浓度分别为0、50、100、150mmol/L的NaCl溶液和Na2SO4溶液)处理紫丁香种子,研究盐胁迫条件对紫丁香种子萌发的影响。结果表明:低浓度的NaCl溶液对紫丁香种子的萌发没有明显的促进作用,高浓度则有抑制作用;而Na2SO4溶液只具有抑制作用,并且同一浓度Na2SO4溶液的抑制作用比NaCl溶液更强。解除盐胁迫(150mmol/L的NaCl溶液和150、250mmol/LNa2SO4溶液)后的第1天就有种子萌发,且低浓度盐处理后的复萌效果要比高浓度的效果好,同一浓度下NaCl溶液的复萌效果比Na2SO4溶液好。     

杉木种子园促花试验

为筛选出杉木种子园最佳的促花方法,为杉木生产提供更多的优良种子,设拉枝法、断顶法、环扎法、环割法4个处理,1个对照,重复4次。结果表明:4种处理方法的球花形成值均明显高于对照值,其中以环扎法最佳,球花形成值高于对照值的1.15倍;环割法、拉枝法及断顶法3个处理值分别高于对照值的0.60、0.36、0.35倍;从雄、雌球花形成分析看,环扎法的雄球花形成值高于对照1.64倍,而雌球花形成值仅高于对照0.65倍;环割法、断顶法的雌球花形成值分别高于对照的0.82、0.71倍。     

核桃种子烂种原因及发芽条件的研究

对核桃种子的采集时间、调制方法、浸种和催芽技术等几个方面进行了系统研究，并进行了种子生理学的测定，其目的是探明核桃种子的烂种原因和发芽条件。结果表明，采种过早和堆沤过久都会引起种子霉烂，而种子吸水不足则是导致沙藏烂种和播种烂种的主要原因。同时也查明，种壳的机械约束是种子发芽慢的主要原因，较高的环境温度和充足的种子含水量是核桃种子发芽的适宜条件。采取适当晚采，合理调制和沙藏前适当浸种，播种前晒裂种壳，播种后提高地温等措施，可以减少烂种，加快出苗速度，提高出苗率。     

提高杉木种子园种子产量及品质技术措施的研究

对湖南省东安县杉木无性系种子园施肥试验的结果表明：３、６、８月中旬每次每株各施尿素０．４ｋｇ、过磷酸钙０．３ｋｇ、氯化钾０．２ｋｇ为球花产量最高的施肥方案；施肥对当年的种子播种品质有影响，但不大；种子园大片母树不挂果的原因是土壤和树体中锰含量过高而树体中的硼元素缺乏，对此提出对土壤施石灰和对母树针叶喷Ｂ肥的改良措施；３—８月是杉木种子园施Ｎ、Ｐ．Ｋ肥最适宜时期；确定８月是杉木种子园母树营养诊断进行针叶分析的最佳采样时期，并制定出杉木种子园母树的针叶中全Ｎ含量为０．８％、全Ｐ含量为０．１２％、全Ｋ含量为０．７％是其临界值；针叶全Ｎ含量０．８—１．２％、全Ｋ含量０．７－０．９％是其最适浓度范围；中耕松土对种子园种子产量影响不明显。     

浙江12种杜鹃花属植物的果实形态、种子数及其相关性研究

杜鹃花属(ＲｈｏｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎＬ.)的系统学研究尚有许多值得探索的问题(余树勋,1986;闵天禄等,1990;Ｐｈｉｌｉｐｓｏｎｅｔａｌ.,1973)。近年来,本课题组陆续对浙江杜鹃花属植物开展了分类学和形态学的研究(丁炳扬等,1987;1989;1990;1995)。本文就浙江12种野生杜鹃花属植物的果实形态、种子数及其相关性进行研究,为该属的系统学研究及引种驯化提供理论依据。1　材料与方法11　常绿杜鹃亚属(ＳｕｂｇｅｎＨｙｍｅｎａｎｔｈｅｓ)　　云锦杜鹃(Ｒ.ｆｏｒｔｕｎｅｉＬｉｎｄ1.)、猴头杜鹃(Ｒ.ｓｉｍｉａｒｕｍＨａｎｃｅ)、安徽杜鹃(Ｒ.…     

Reproductive strategies and seeds behavior ofBetula platyphylla Suk. population

By the methods of morphological anatomy and investigation in the sample fields, the main studies were carried out such as morphological anatomy of reproductive organs, birch population’s reproductive ages, reproductive allotment value and seed behavior. The relationship between birch population and their surroundings was studied. The results showed that birch’s flower organs and its seeds were suitable well for spreading by wind. The seeds by wind can fly far away in a short time. The quantity of seed spreading greatly varied with different communities. Birch’s reproduction age can be changed in different ecological surroundings. The reproductive allotment value of birch was obviously different at different reproductive stages. In the mesic habitat, birch can grow well. The lowest reproductive age of them was 12, average age 15. In most cases the age of branches to bearing fruits was more than 18. The order of reproductive allotment values was as follows: a flowering phase > flower bud phase > fruit phase.