浅述植物萜类物质的生物合成途径

本文简述了植物萜类物质的主要生物合成途径,以期为萜类物质的生物合成提供一定的理论依据。     

冀北山地杨桦次生林种群的空间分布格局1）

根据冀北山地杨桦次生林样地调查资料,采用点格局分析方法,对杨桦次生林种群内树种构成、主要种群及不同径级的空间分布格局及其相互关系进行了分析。结果表明：①杨桦次生林中乔木层共有11个种群,种群密度差异较大,山杨和白桦的株数比例、断面积占有明显优势。②在研究尺度范围内,山杨和五角枫均呈显著性聚集分布,白桦和棘皮桦分布格局,均呈先聚集分布、后随机分布,在大尺度上均匀分布,优势种群的空间关联性以正关联为主。③不同径级个体的空间分布格局大部分属于聚集分布,只有部分大树的空间分布格局为均匀分布或随机分布。④不同径级之间空间关联性以正关联为主,大树和幼树的空间关联性随尺度的增加呈负关联趋势。     

不同马铃薯种质资源的遗传多样性分析

[目的]分析我国南方冬种马铃薯种质资源的遗传多样性,为选育南方冬种马铃薯新品种及生产利用提供参考.[方法]对24份马铃薯种质资源的13个质量性状和12个数量性状进行调查及测定,并进行遗传多样性分析和聚类分析.[结果]24份马铃薯种质资源质量性状的遗传多样性指数均较高,为0.7415~2.3303,其中以薯形最高,以株型、叶缘形状和顶小叶形状较低.24份马铃薯种质资源的数量性状变异系数为0.70%~188.16%,其中以单株块茎重最高,其次为单株蔓重,说明其变异程度较大,易出现性状分离;以比重最低,表明马铃薯出苗率的性状在种质间较稳定.相关性分析结果表明,24份马铃薯种质资源的生育期与单株蔓重、平均产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),与小叶对数呈极显著负相关;株高与单株块茎重、单株蔓重呈极显著正相关,与单株主茎数呈显著负相关(P<0.05,下同);单株蔓重与单株块茎重、平均产量呈显著正相关;单株块茎数与小叶对数呈显著正相关,与商品薯率呈极显著负相关;出苗率与平均产量呈显著正相关,与小叶对数呈极显著负相关;比重与块茎干物质量呈极显著正相关,与平均产量呈显著负相关.聚类分析结果表明,24份马铃薯种质资源可分为高产高株型、中产中株型、低产中株型和低产低株型四大类,以中产中株型为最多,以高产高株型最少.[结论]24份马铃薯种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性,其中有2份属于高产高株型(闽08085008和闽09330143),可作为选育南方冬种高产马铃薯新品种的亲本材料.     

杂交水稻光合作用以及产量性状的配合力分析

为探明杂交水稻亲本光合作用以及产量相关性状的配合力与遗传力,为杂交水稻高光效育种提供理论依据,以3个恢复系和5个不育系为亲本,采用3×5NCII遗传设计,对光合作用相关的6个指标和5个产量性状进行配合力方差分析。结果表明:在组合间除胞间CO_2浓度差异达显著以外,其余指标和性状差异均达极显著水平;除有效穗和穗长等性状受组合特殊配合力影响外,其余性状主要受亲本一般配合力的制约;光合作用相关指标的一般配合力与狭义遗传力差异不大,加性效应遗传较大,遗传稳定。恢复系RM222、R8319和GR8206多数性状的一般配合力效应和特殊配合力效应较高,通过杂种优势的分析,GR8206的杂种优势较强,具有较好的应用前景。     

种植密度、肥料及覆膜对辣椒生长及经济性状的影响

为优化贵州省正安县的辣椒种植技术,提高产量,以引进品种单身理想52为试验对象,设置辣椒种植密度、肥料品种及地膜覆盖方式的3因素3水平L9(34)正交试验。结果表明:密度为4 669株/667m~2、施用天宝丰复合肥、覆黑膜的栽培处理能提高辣椒品种单身理想52的农艺性状和经济性状,鲜椒产量可达1 504.57kg/667m~2。     

杂交水稻新品种安优5819的主要性状变异分析

为掌握杂交中籼早熟水稻新品种安优5819的丰产稳产性和适应性,为其区域布局和生产应用提供实践依据,以2012-2013年贵州省杂交水稻区域试验结果为依据,采用均值-变异系数法和高稳系数法对安优5819(安丰A/黔恢5819)与对照品种(香早优2017)的10个主要表型性状的变异情况进行对比,综合分析该品种在不同生态环境下的性状变异。结果表明,安优5819的HSC值为83.2%~85.2%,高于CK;不同表型性状的平均变异系数在3.4%~17.7%,其顺序为有效穗穗粒数产量穗实粒数着粒密度株高结实率全生育期穗长千粒重。结论:杂交中籼早熟新品种安优5819的综合性状好,高产稳产,生育期适中,抗逆性强,适应性广。     

二次饱和D-最优设计在甘薯栽培试验中的应用

[目的]探讨最优设计在甘薯栽培试验中的应用。[方法]采用二次饱和D-最优设计,布置田间参数试验,分别研究、建立甘薯产量和净产值的回归模型,利用建立的模型优化提出供试农艺因子组合方案。[结果]扦插密度、氮肥用量和钾肥用量3个供试因子对鲜薯产量和净产值的效应大小和影响趋势基本一致。在具体的技术措施决策时,应该定性与定量结合,进行综合分析。经优化,甘薯栽培试验中最优农艺方案为：甘薯（浙薯13）的扦插密度57 000～63 000株/hm2;追肥纯N用量152 kg/hm2左右;基肥K2O用量169 kg/hm2左右。[结论]二次饱和D-最优设计可用于甘薯栽培试验中农艺方案的优化。     

多花黑麦草新品系产量及农艺性状研究初探

试验对多花黑麦草新品系的植物学性状、农艺性状、生长动态及拔节期营养物质含量进行了研究。结果表明,多花黑麦草新品系生育期为234 d,生长发育迅速,特别是冬春季生长优势明显;年产草量(DM)可达15 469kg/hm2;植株高大,叶量丰富、叶片宽大,拔节期粗蛋白含量达16.17％,表现出明显的优良牧草性状;在南方亚热带地区生长良好,是优良的多花黑麦草新品系。     

Pigeonpea improvement: An amalgam of breeding and genomic research

In the past five decades, constant research has been directed towards yield improvement in pigeonpea resulting in the deployment of several commercially acceptable cultivars in India. Though, the genesis of hybrid technology, the biggest breakthrough, enigma of stagnant productivity still remains unsolved. To sort this productivity disparity, genomic research along with conventional breeding was successfully initiated at ICRISAT. It endowed ample genomic resource providing insight in the pigeonpea genome combating production constraints in a precise and speedy manner. The availability of the draft genome sequence with a large‐scale marker resource, oriented the research towards trait mapping for flowering time, determinacy, fertility restoration, yield attributing traits and photo‐insensitivity. Defined core and mini‐core collection, still eased the pigeonpea breeding being accessible for existing genetic diversity and developing stress resistance. Modern genomic tools like next‐generation sequencing, genome‐wide selection helping in the appraisal of selection efficiency is leading towards next‐generation breeding, an awaited milestone in pigeonpea genetic enhancement. This paper emphasizes the ongoing genetic improvement in pigeonpea with an amalgam of conventional breeding as well as genomic research.     

A genetic linkage map in southern‐by‐spring oat identifies multiple quantitative trait loci for adaptation and rust resistance

We developed 178 recombinant inbred lines from a southern‐by‐spring oat population designated as “TxH.” These lines were genotyped to generate a high‐quality linkage map that resolved 6,902 markers into 21 linkage groups that matched closely with the latest hexaploid oat consensus map. Three major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting heading date were found in locations that are consistent with known QTLs and candidate genes, and two other QTLs affecting heading date were found in novel locations. Five QTLs affecting plant height were found. Both sets of QTLs are responsible for transgressive segregation observed for these two traits. Four QTLs affecting resistance to crown rust, caused by the pathogen Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, were identified. Two of these QTLs are consistent with known clusters of rust resistance genes, while two may represent new locations of novel rust resistance genes. A complete set of SNP sequences suitable for generating markers for molecular selection is provided.