渗灌和地膜覆盖对冬小麦产量及绿色面积构成的影响

为寻求小麦节水栽培的有效调控技术和相应效果,研究了灌水方式与地膜覆盖的不同结合,对冬小麦产量及其构成、穗茎叶等器官绿色面积的影响。结果表明：渗灌和覆膜均可不同程度提高产量,但两个因素相组合效果更显著;20cm和40cm渗灌覆膜在总耗水量在459mm的控制条件下,分别比对照增产20.34%和20.16%;而在有深层水补给的露天条件下,分别增产11.11%和13.67%。不同处理对穗、茎和叶器官的面积及其比例,也产生显著影响;在不同栽培条件下,开花期非叶光合器官占总绿色面积的比例在61.33%~62.69%之间。     

秸秆饲料青切揉碎机的设计

根据我国畜牧业发展和秸秆饲料利用现状,研究设计了一种大型、高效秸秆饲料加工机械.该机采用直抛滚筒式切碎装置,增设了对作物秸秆和散干牧草的揉搓作用的击碎和揉碎部件,物料加工质量大大提高.喂入装置采用先进的摆臂浮动辊式喂入机构,性能可靠;同时,增加了牵引机构,可实现流动作业.动力可选配18.4kW柴油机或18.5kW电动机.     

超临界脱除茶叶咖啡因的优化工艺

以完整茶叶为研究对象,通过单因素实验和正交实验研究萃取压力、萃取温度、夹带剂浓度、夹带剂用量4因素对咖啡因脱除率的影响,优化了超临界脱除茶叶咖啡因的工艺条件,即萃取压力35MPa、萃取温度80℃、浓度70%的乙醇作为夹带剂,其用量与茶叶的质量比为1.2∶1时脱除率最高,达到48.96,以此达到提高茶叶品质和价值的目的.     

论促进农机制造业技术创新的对策

在分析我国农机制造业发展现状和存在的问题的基础上,指出我国农机制造业的可持续发展最终要靠技术创新来实现,并提出了促进我国农机制造业技术创新的对策.     

茶农绿色防控技术采用行为影响因素实证研究

利用16个茶叶主产省2 210份茶农调查数据,借助Logit模型分析了影响茶农绿色防控技术采用行为的因素。结果表明,茶农采用绿色防控技术受个人特征、家庭特征、茶园经营特征和组织与技术服务特征4个方面的因素影响,其中组织与技术服务特征因素的影响最大。具体来看,年龄、家庭人口规模和茶园规模对茶农采用绿色防控技术有显著的负向影响;农残限量标准认知、家庭年收入、组织化程度、技术培训和技术交流对茶农采用绿色防控技术有显著的积极影响。了解农残限量标准的茶农采用绿色防控技术的概率约是不了解的2倍;家庭收入每增加1万元,技术采用发生比相对增加2%;加入合作社的茶农采用绿色防控技术的概率是未加入的1.73倍;茶农参加病虫害防治培训次数每增加1次,技术采用发生比提升为原来的150%。受教育程度、打工收入占比、农药价格敏感性等因素在本研究中对茶农绿色防控技术采用的影响不显著。由此,有关政府部门需要通过增强茶农组织化程度,加强农户病虫害防治培训,降低技术使用成本等手段促进农户绿色防控技术的采用,以便实现绿色农业。     

Identification of resistance to Aspergillus flavus infection in cotton germplasm

Natural resistance in cottonseed to Aspergillus flavus infection has not been explored to date. A green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing A. flavus strain was used to assess the resistance of seed from 35 cotton varieties from Gossypium arboreum, G. barbadense, and G. hirsutum. Mature cotyledons devoid of seed coat were wounded, inoculated, and assessed for innate resistance to A. flavus infection. Of the initial 35 varieties tested, we observed a range of resistance to infection in representatives of all three species. A subset of 15 representatives was further analyzed. Within this group, G. arboreum cultivar A2 186 and G. hirsutum cultivar SA 1582 were most resistant to fungal infection. The most susceptible cultivar in this group was G. hirsutum SA 1595. The remaining 12 representatives tested in the secondary screen (3 G. arboreum, 3 G. barbadense, and 6 G. hirsutum lines) exhibited intermediate resistance. We did not observe any relationship between species and resistance. Within each species, there was a range of responses to fungal infection. Future studies using this methodology to screen additional diploid and tetraploid cotton lines may enable us to identify naturally resistant germplasm that can be used to develop cotton with enhanced resistance to fungal infection.     

Mapping and validation of the quantitative trait loci for leaf stay‐green‐associated parameters in maize

Functional stay‐green is generally regarded as a desirable trait of varieties in major crops including maize. In this study, we used an F_3:4 recombinant inbred line population with 165 lines from a cross between a stay‐green inbred line (Zheng58) and a model inbred line (B73) using 211 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers to map quantitative trait loci for three stay‐green‐associated parameters, chlorophyll content, photosystem II photochemical efficiency and stay‐green area, at maturity stage, detected a total of 23 quantitative trait loci (QTL) on nine chromosomes. Single QTL explained 3.7–13.5% of the phenotypic variance. Additionally, we validated some important stay‐green QTL using a heterogeneous inbred family approach and found that the stay‐green‐associated parameters were significantly correlated with the plant yield. This study may contribute to a better insight into the regulatory mechanism behind leaf stay‐green in maize and a novel development of elite maize varieties with delayed leaf senescence through molecular marker‐assisted selection.     

Review on the roles and effects of growing media on plant performance in green roofs in world climates

Growing media (substrate) is a fundamental part of a green roof, providing water, nutrients and support to plants. However, little research has reviewed how it affects plant performances in different climatic regions. This study aims to analyse published research on green roof growing medium across world’s climate zones. Findings are structured according to Köppen–Geiger climate classification, aiming to investigate the prevalence of research conducted in different climate zones. Results from full-scale studies and laboratory or greenhouse experiments were reviewed. The later were included as they provide systematic knowledge on the effect of individual factors on system performances although cannot provide climate specific information. Studies discussed effects of major substrate components and depths on plant survival and establishment using standard test procedures. Results showed that most research in the subject were in temperate (group C climate classification), continental (group D) and dry climates (group B), respectively. Considerable number of investigations was conducted in controlled laboratory or greenhouse environments. Based on the results, future green roof research and guidelines should consider climate specifications of the region in designing growing medium, depths and attribute of green roof substrates in order to ensure enhanced plant performance. Especially, for more fragile but less investigated dry climate, considerations should be made to tackle heat fluctuations and drought stress by enhancing water holding capacity and thermal isolation of the substrate. To move forward, sustainable building solutions as a part of future urban forms, climate-adaptive green roof systems should be included into future research, practice and guidelines.     

不同柱花草绿肥种质磷含量差异研究

柱花草是世界热区重要的绿肥与牧草兼用的豆科作物。作为豆科绿肥,磷含量是影响绿肥品质的重要指标。本文对134份柱花草绿肥种质的磷含量进行了分析评价,结果表明,供试的134份柱花草绿肥种质有133份种质磷含量在0.3%以下,这些柱花草的磷含量达到四级有机肥磷含量标准,仅有1份柱花草种质的磷含量高于0.3%,其磷含量达到三级有机肥磷含量标准。     

信阳绿茶主食面包的研制

将信阳毛尖绿茶研磨成粉添加到主食面包中制备信阳绿茶主食面包,研究不同绿茶粉添加量对主食面包比容、感官品质、水分含量及酸度的影响。结果表明,绿茶粉最佳添加量为面包粉质量的3%,此时得到的绿茶主食面包比容为5.75 m L/g,感官品质评分98分,水分含量32.7%,茶多酚含量0.386 g/100 g,酸度2.98°T;绿茶面包表皮完整且丰满,无焦斑,色泽均匀,稍有茶叶的黄绿色,组织紧密有弹性、耐咀嚼,有茶叶的清香,无茶苦味,且具有较好的营养保健功能,市场前景广阔。