利用Cre/loxP系统和rd29A启动子构建诱导型植物标记基因删除载体

出于对转基因作物中标记基因的安全性考虑,植物转基因育种中标记基因的删除将成为未来研究的热点之一。位点特异性重组系统之一Cre／loxP系统是目前在植物遗传转化中应用较多,较成熟的一个标记基因删除系统。为了利用Cre／loxP系统构建一种可调控的标记基因删除系统,本研究首先从拟南芥中克隆了逆境诱导型的启动子rd29A,同时从质粒pCre上克隆了Cre基因,构建了含有rd29A：Cre：Tnos表达元件的中间载体,将这一表达元件插入到另一植物双元表达载体pKsb中,最终构建了含有loxP-Pnos—nptⅡ-Toes—rd29A—Cre-Tnos-loxP的可诱导型删除标记基因nptⅡ的植物双元表达载体。     

Development of two microsatellite multiplex PCR systems for high throughput genotyping in Populus euphratica

Eighteen microsatellite primer pairs previously developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for Populus tremuloides Michx. and Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray were screened for amplification in Euphrates poplar, Populus euphratica Oliv. Thirteen loci were found to express polymorphisms ranging from two to 17 alleles. The eight most variable loci were selected to set up and optimize two multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Three populations containing altogether 436 trees were used to characterize the selected loci and ascertain their applicability for parentage analysis and genotyping studies. Through cross-checking of clonal identity against sex of the genotyped trees we estimated the maximum error rate for merging genotypes to be less than 0.045. Foundation project: This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft DFG (grant number SCHN 1080/1-1)     

两种微卫星多样PCR系统应用于胡杨高效生产基因型

对已在橡树岭国家实验室建立起来的美洲山杨(Populus tremuloides Michx.)和毛果杨(Populus trichocarpa Torr.＆ Gray)18个微卫星引物进行筛选,用于胡杨相关基因的扩增.发现有13个基因位点可以表达基因多态性,范围是2～17个等位基因.选择了8个最易变的基因位点,来构建和优化2种多样PCR法.用来自3个种群的436株树木表征选择的位点,确定他们在亲缘关系分析、基因型研究的适用性.通过克隆基因型鉴定树木性别的交叉检验,我们估计并入基因型最大误差率小于O.045.     

Tryptophan synthesis block-associated sugar response, a physiological marker for rapid selection of Arabidopsis thaliana transformants, marked with feedback-inhibition-insensitive anthranilate synthase gene

The feedback-insensitive anthranilate synthase (AS) gene was used as a selection marker for transformants of Arabidopsis thaliana . The mutant gene ( mAS1-2 ) was constructed by substituting nucleotide at the effector-binding site of the intrinsic AS gene via PCR-mediated site-directed mutagenesis and flanked with the myrosinase promoter pyk10 to drive its expression during initial root elongation. This inducible gene cassette was first introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and then delivered into A. thaliana by floral-dip inoculation. 5-methyltryptophan (5-MT) inhibited AS and suppressed seedling growth of wild type plants as a result of tryptophan starvation. With the addition of sucrose (10 mg/ml), 5-MT inhibited cotyledon opening and caused anthocyanin to accumulate in juvenile seedlings. The present mutant reversed the tryptophan starvation caused by 5-MT and blocked subsequent sugar responses. The sugar responses were detected in non-transformed plants grown on a selection medium containing 10 mg/ml of sucrose and 10 μg/ml of 5-MT after 3 days of incubation. Thus, true transformants could be selected after a short incubation, compared to the conventional kanamycin-selection method that did not eliminate all non-transformed plants.     

A high-throughput, low cost gel-based SNP assay for positional cloning and marker assisted breeding of useful genes in cereals

Several SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) genotyping methods have been developed in the past most of which require sophisticated instrumentation and large initial investments. We describe here a high-throughput SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) system on our HEGS (high efficiency genome scanning) platform, which is simple, accurate, cost effective and requires neither restriction digestion of the amplification products nor elaborate post-PCR processing detection. Several parameters critical to SSCP analysis were optimized viz., gel matrix and concentration, gel running temperature, buffer composition, running conditions and PCR primer design so as to identify SNPs in amplicons ranging from 100 to 750 bp in size. A simple post-PCR processing system was developed using fluorescent dye for quick and easy detection of SNP polymorphism. HEGS-SSCP was also found to be useful in uncovering simple sequence repeat differences between different genotypes that differ by one or few di/tri nucleotide repeats. The practical utility of this system is illustrated with two successful efforts towards construction of high resolution linkage maps of a lesion mimic locus on chromosome 7 and a major quantitative trait locus conditioning field blast resistance on chromosome 4 in rice.     

用SSR标记研究谷子品种的遗传多样性

用37对SSR标记对40个谷子品种(来自我国的37个谷子品种及从印度、俄罗斯引进的3个谷子品种)进行遗传多样性研究,37对引物共检测出228个等位变异,引物检测出的等位变异数在3～12之间,平均每个位点检测出的等位变异数为6.16,37个位点的平均多态信息量(PIC)为0.697.研究这37个SSR标记重复单元出现次数与多态信息量及等位变异数之间的相关性,发现多态信息量与等位变异数呈极显著相关,相关系数达到0.802(P<0.01),而多态信息量与重复单元出现次数之间相关性也达到显著水平.相关系数达到0.429(P<0.01).对40个谷子品种进行聚类,在遗传相似系数为0.79时聚为5组,聚类结果表明除山西外几乎所有来自我国不同地区的谷子育成品种都被聚成1组,多数农家品种聚类群与生态类型存在一定的一致性.     

月季SSR-PCR反应体系的建立和优化

采用L16(54)正交设计和二因素完全随机试验,分析了月季SSR-PCR反应体系的主要成分Taq DNA聚合酶、样本浓度、Mg2+浓度、dNTP浓度以及引物浓度对扩增结果的影响,建立了适合月季的SSR反应体系.研究结果表明:在20μL反应体系中,Taq DNA聚合酶宜加入1.5U,样本最适宜浓度为30～40 ng,Mg2+的最适浓度为1～1.5 mmol/L,dNTP最适浓度为0.2 mmol/L,单引物的最适浓度均为1μmol/L.用建成的反应体系对19对引物筛选,对12个月季品种扩增,3%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,品种间DNA谱带多态性丰富,证明该体系稳定可靠.     

新麦草种质遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR标记对15份新麦草(Psathyrostachys juncea)种质资源进行遗传多样性检测.为获得稳定的新麦草ISSR反应体系,对反应条件中的dNTP、Taq酶浓度、引物浓度、Mg_(2+)浓度等因子进行了优化,建立起的最佳反应体系为:25 μL的反应体系中含有dNTP 2.5 μL、Taq酶0.2 μL、Primers 1 μL、Mg~(2+)1.5 μL、2.5 μL 10×Buffer、2 μL模板DNA和ddH2O 15.3 μL.ISSR标记结果显示,筛选出的重复性好、谱带清晰的ISSR引物8条,共获得84个扩增位点,其中多态性位点72个,多态性比率(PPB)为85.7%.通过遗传相似系数(GS)的计算,供试种质材料间的GS值在0.440 5～0.904 8之间,表现出丰富的遗传多样性.通过聚类分析,将15份新麦草种质材料划分为四大类,且呈现出一定的地域性分布规律.     

桃遗传多样性的SRAP和SSR标记分析

采用相关序列扩增多态性(SRAP)和简单序列重复多态性(SSR)分子标记,对47份桃(Prunus persica)品种的遗传多样性进行了分析.选用带型清晰的19对SRAP引物和5对SSR引物对47份桃品种的基因组DNA进行扩增,共检测到82个多态性位点.平均每对引物组合产生3.4个多态性位点.应用NTSYS-PC (Version 2.1) 软件采用平均距离法(UPGMA)进行聚类分析.结果表明,47份桃品种的相关系数为0.501～0.842,从总体来看,所选取的47个桃品种相关系数相对较低,遗传多样性比较丰富.对聚类结果分析显示,大部分具有亲缘关系的品种及形态学、生物学特征相近的品种聚在一类,说明聚类分析结果与系谱及生物学特征具有一定的相符性.该研究结果对桃种质资源的鉴定,杂交亲本的选择具有一定的参考价值.     

优良大豆品种合丰25的遗传组成

合丰25由合丰23和克4430-20杂交选育而成,是我国大豆生产上累计种植面积最大的品种。本研究利用463个SSR标记对合丰25及其亲本进行检测,并分析其遗传组成及其与亲本的遗传关系。463个SSR位点中有177个位点在合丰25的两个亲本间无多态性,合丰23和克4430-20对合丰25的遗传贡献率分别为39.4%和48.3%。在G和E两个连锁群发现克4430-20有大片段传递给合丰25,特别是G连锁群没有发现来自合丰23的片段,而合丰23在L连锁群传递给合丰25的位点是克4430-20的2.3倍。不同连锁群亲本染色体片段的组成不同,可能与产量、抗病性等重要性状相关QTL的分布有关,从而使合丰25通过重组集合了两个亲本的优点。合丰25在57个位点出现新等位变异。为分析位点突变对合丰25纯度的影响,用包括57个位点在内的207个SSR标记对12个不同销售点的合丰25种子进行检测,207对SSR引物中有13对在4个大豆样本中检测到杂合条带,而8个样本的纯度均为100%。说明大部分突变位点已在品种利用过程中纯合,合丰25的优异基因型及其在推广20多年后仍保持的高纯度,是其在生产上利用经久不衰的主要原因之一。