豫玉22玉米杂交种子纯度的SSR和SNP分子比较鉴定

为研究豫玉22玉米杂交种子的SSR和SNP两种分子标记纯度鉴定方法,为快速有效鉴定玉米种子纯度提供依据。采用SSR荧光标记法和SNP分子标记的KASP技术对豫玉22玉米杂交种子进行基因组DNA提取、引物筛选、基因型分析、纯度鉴定。豫玉22的SSR特异性引物为umc2007y4和bnlg161k8,纯度鉴定结果为97.92%。SNP特异性引物MaSNP64和MaSNP245纯度鉴定结果是98.44%。SSR和SNP分子标记鉴定豫玉22玉米杂交种子纯度的最佳方法,为拓展玉米杂交种纯度鉴定方法具有指导意义。     

栉孔扇贝×虾夷扇贝单对杂交子一代幼虫ISSR标记的分离方式

通过对栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri×虾夷扇贝Patinopecten yessoensis正反单对杂交子一代幼虫进行ISSR(Inter Simple Sequence Repeats)标记,分析了双亲位点在杂交子一代中的传递分离方式。从20个ISSR引物中筛选出引物807和834进行扩增,正交家系和反交家系均统计了70条清晰稳定的扩增带。正交家系中双亲和F_1共有位点占总位点数的38.6%,仅由母本或父本传递给F_1的位点分别占总位点数的27.1%和21.4%。反交家系中双亲和F_1共有位点占总位点数的34.3%,仅由母本或父本传递给F_1的位点分别占总位点数的25.7%和22.9%,表明双亲的遗传物质皆传递给了F_1代,证实属间杂交成功。实验结果表明,两家系中F_1均偏向各自的母本。另外,在F_1中还出现了较高比例的非孟德尔分离位点和非亲位点。     

Comparative digestibility of low‐quality grass hay by two breeds of cattle differing in mature live weight

The digestive capacity of the Portuguese native breed of Barrosão cattle and the Holstein–Friesian breed was measured when fed meadow hay (72–74 g CP and 641–671 g NDF/kg dry matter), offered either alone or supplemented with soya bean meal (150 g/kg dry matter), at maintenance level. Four mature cows of each breed were used. Average initial live weight (LW) was 457 and 635 kg for the Barrosão and the Holstein–Friesian cows respectively. The organic matter digestibility (OMD) of the meadow hay was higher in Holstein–Friesian than in Barrosão cows (p < 0.08) whether supplemented or not. The neutral detergent fibre digestibility of the hay was also higher in Holstein–Frisian when the hay was fed alone (p < 0.08). The soya bean meal supplementation increased the OMD and the NDFD digestibility of the total diet (p < 0.05), but not the OMD digestibility of the hay (p > 0.05). The results obtained in this study suggest a higher ability to digest fibre in the large dairy breed than in the small native breed. This suggestion is also supported by previous findings with sheep breeds largely differing in mature live weight.     

转基因植物中删除选择标记基因的研究进展

选择标记基因广泛应用于植物转基因工程中,然而这些基于除草剂和抗生素类抗性选择标记基因的利用,在转基因筛选和鉴定完成后功能多余。当前转基因植物的标记基因及相关产物对环境污染和食用安全的潜在影响,已经引起了人们的广泛关注。随着转基因技术的不断发展和人们对转基因植物和食品安全性的关注,删除转基因植物中的选择标记基因非常重要。文章着重讨论了植物转基因过程中,选择标记基因的利用,删除选择标记基因的几种方法,包括共转化法、位点特异性重组、染色体内重组、转座子介导的重组、删除叶绿体转化中选择标记基因,以及无选择标记基因植株的直接再生等。同时,还对这些技术的发展作了展望。     

中国明对虾抗白斑综合症病毒分子标记的筛选

采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对经过连续4代选育的抗白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)(174)及未经选育的与174来源相同的中国明对虾野生群体(HB)进行分析,以期筛选出与抗病性状相关的分子遗传标记,为进一步的基因定位以及中国对虾的种质资源保护和分子标记辅助育种提供有力的技术支撑和理论依据。共进行220个RAPI)单引物和114对双引物的检测,产生标记数目共计2439个。依据标记在群体中出现的频率和变化规律,共筛选出5个可能与抗病相关的特异性标记,对这些特异性标记进行测序并将测序结果进行BLAST分析,发现测得片段的序列与数据库中序列的相似性较低,未能找到与所测序列同源性较高的功能基因。这与利用AFIP技术分析的结果一致。由于选育过程施加人工选择,推论这些特异性标记虽不是抗WSSV分子标记,但可能与抗病性状密切相关。     

水稻新型育种技术研究现状与展望

水稻是我国主要粮食作物之一,提高水稻产量、改善品质一直是水稻育种研究的重要目标.育种技术的改进有利于育种效率的提高,随着科学技术的迅猛发展,水稻育种技术也在逐步完善.对分子标记育种、转基因育种、基因编辑育种和分子设计育种等目前水稻育种中广泛使用的育种技术进行了总结,并进一步展望了不同育种方法的发展前景,以期为水稻种业发...     

鳙鱼微卫星分子标记的筛选

采用常规方法从鳙鱼(Aristichthys nobilis)血液中提取基因组DNA,经限制性内切酶Sau3AI酶切后,选取250～750bp大小的片段构建鳙鱼基因组文库。采用人工合成的重复序列(CA)15、(AG)12、(AAG)8用同位素标记作为探针,通过原位杂交筛选基因组文库,获得鳙鱼的微卫星序列。进一步用引物设计软件Primer Premier 5．0设计引物。通过杂交获得99个阳性克隆,经测序筛选出82个微卫星序列,设计引物65对。     

海巴戟DNA提取方法及SRAP分子标记聚类分析

应用SRAP分子标记技术开展海巴戟(Morinda citrifolia Linn,又名Noni)种质资源遗传多样性研究。结果表明,采用改良DNA提取方法能获得质量好,纯度高的海巴戟DNA。应用12对引物对78份海巴戟种质的SRAP分子标记扩增,共获得11 154条带,其中多态性条带有3 792条,多态性为33.99%,种质间具有很好的多态性。聚类分析结果表明,遗传距离为0.66时,78份海巴戟种质可归为2类,即海南本地种和西沙群岛种聚为一类,其余种质则聚为另一类;以0.86为阈值,78份海巴戟种质材料可聚为6类,从上至下依次是:万维2号种、新加坡种、大溪地种、万维1号种、海南本地种、西沙群岛种。其中,大溪地种和万维1号种的相似度较高,可以推断这2个种质亲缘关系较近,新加坡种与万维2号种的亲缘关系次之。     

Analysis of the Genetic Diversity and Origin of Some Chinese Domestic Duck Breeds

Twelve fluorescence-labeled microsatellite markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 12 domestic duck breeds and 2 wild duck breeds to determine the relationship and origin of Chinese domestic duck breeds. Gene frequency, effective number of alleles （Ne）, expected heterozygosity （He）, polymorphism information contents （PIC）, inbreeding coefficient in population （Fis）, standard genetic distance （Ds）, and genetic distance （DA） were calculated by FSTAT and distance and phylogenetic analysis after the dates which were output from the Microsatellite-Toolkit software. Genetic distances between 12 domestic duck breeds and 2 wild duck breeds were analyzed by variance analysis. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean （UPGMA） and phylogenetic trees used for cluster analysis were structured. The results indicated that 11 loci had medium- or high-level genetic diversity among the 12 loci, which could be efficiently used in the detection of the genetic parameters of each population. The values of He were 0.5414 to 0.7343, those of PIC proved similar, and those of Fis were 0.1101 to 0.3381 among all populations. All breeds were clustered into three groups by UPGMA phylogenetic trees. Banzui duck was clustered into a separate group. Differences of the DA were analysed by t-test. The results showed that difference in DA between the 12 domestic duck breeds and Lvtou duck and the Banzui duck were very significant （P〈0.01）, indicating that these 12 domestic duck breeds originated from Lvtou wild duck, but not Banzui duck.