利用SSR标记构建贵州山区玉米杂交种的指纹库

对贵州山区目前在生产上正在使用的西山系列玉米杂交种12份进行了SSR分析。从60对引物中筛选到稳定性好、多态性丰富的8对引物作为核心引物。用这8对引物的指纹组合构建了贵州山区西山系列玉米杂交种的DNA指纹数据库。结果表明,利用SSR技术进行玉米杂交种真实性的鉴定是可行、有效的。     

五个鲜食玉米新品种的DNA指纹图谱研究与应用

利用SSR标记技术，对5个鲜食玉米新品种及其亲本的DNA指纹图谱进行了研究。从88对SSR引物中，筛选出37对在鲜食玉米中表现多态性丰富、带型清晰明显且稳定的引物，分析了鲜食玉米自交系的遗传多样性，建立了各品种的特征DNA指纹图谱及数字指纹，可以有效用于种子质量检测。     

Development and evaluation of pyramiding lines carrying early or late heading QTLs in the indica rice cultivar ‘IR64’

The heading date is an important trait for determining regional and climatic adaptability in rice. To expand the adaptability of the indica rice cultivar ‘IR64’, we pyramided multiple early or late heading quantitative trait locus (QTLs) in the ‘IR64’ genetic background by crossing previously developed near-isogenic lines (NILs) with a single QTL for early or late heading. The effects of pyramiding QTLs were observed in three different climatic zones of the Philippines, Madagascar, and Japan. The early heading pyramiding lines (PYLs) headed 6.2 to 12.8 days earlier than ‘IR64’ while the late heading PYLs headed 18.8 to 27.1 days later than ‘IR64’. The PYLs tended to produce low grain yield compared to ‘IR64’. The low yield was not improved by combining SPIKE, which is a QTL that increases the number of spikelets per panicle. Conversely, ‘IR64-PYL(7+10)’ carrying Hd5 and Hd1 headed earlier, produced more tillers, and more panicles per m² than ‘IR64’, and mitigated the yield decrease in early heading. These results suggest that the effects of pyramided QTLs on heading date were consistent across various environments and PYLs could be used to enhance the adaptation of ‘IR64’ in other rice growing environments.     

水稻不育系培矮64S的空间诱变效应及后代的SSR分析

对经过卫星搭载的培矮64S种子及后代进行了有关性状研究和SSR标记分析,结果表明:培矮64S空间诱变后代SP1代发芽率、存苗率、株高、抽穗期、株叶型的性状与对照相比没有明显变化;但SP2代在株高、粒型和育性等性状上发生了变异;从SP3代中获得柱头比培矮64S明显增大的变异株系,这对于改良培矮64S的异交结实率和提高制种产量具有重要意义。此外,对10个SP3变异株进行SSR分析结果表明,扩增片段数目变化约占55.21%,扩增片段分子量变化约占44.79%,空间诱变引起的变异可能是以DNA缺失-重复为主。SSR座位的变异频率平均为23.33%,变异座位在水稻基因组中是随机分布的。     

不同栽培类型蓝莓遗传多样性的SSR分析

以南方地区的蓝莓品种为主要对象,利用SSR标记分析现有品种种质的遗传多样性。设计合成了56对蓝莓SSR分子标记引物,进行扩增和多态性引物筛选,将多态性好的引物用于66份蓝莓不同类型种质的遗传多样性分析。结果表明,56对引物均能扩增出预期大小条带,其中条带清晰多态性较好的引物为25对,占比引物数的44.64%,多数引物扩增的位点数在5~7个之间。25对引物在66份蓝莓供试种质中检测多态性,共检测到165个等位变异,平均每个位点有6.6个等位变异,PIC值变幅为0.656~0.947,平均值为0.777。多态性最好的引物Vc26可以检测到15个等位基因数目。北方高丛、南方高丛和兔眼类型66份蓝莓种质的遗传相似系数位于0.60~0.96之间,品种间遗传差异较丰富。利用UPGMA聚类将3种类型种质进行分析,发现除了兔眼类型品种‘红粉佳人’外,其余明显分为3个类群,且同一类型的种质基本聚在一起。结合不同类型种质的系谱分析,发现分类与品种种质的遗传成分相似有一定的相关。研究利用SSR分子标记揭示了蓝莓不同类型种质的遗传多样性,对今后杂交育种亲本选择利用有一定借鉴意义。     

贵州荞麦重要种质的遗传多样性分析及分子身份证构建

为精准鉴定贵州荞麦种质资源,采用SSR分子标记对60份荞麦种质进行遗传多样性分析,构建DNA分子身份证数据库。结果显示,从100对SSR引物中筛选出16对稳定性好、多态性丰富的引物,在60份供试种质中共扩增出174个多态性条带;Shannon’s信息指数、Nei’s多样性指数、多态信息指数均值分别为0.337、0.206、0.693,引物的多态性较好,能有效揭示60份荞麦种质的遗传多样性;在Dice遗传相似系数为0.374时,所有供试材料可聚为A、B、C 三组;当Dice遗传相似系数为0.484时,将苦荞组（A组）更细分为A1、A2两个小组。采用毛细管电泳及8%的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶（PAGE）电泳对SSR标记扩增产物进行双验证,2种方法的聚类结果一致。结果表明,本研究开发的高效性SSR分子标记能够有效地鉴定贵州荞麦重要种质的遗传多样性且用于构建分子身份证。     

长江中游湖泊鳜与大眼鳜的渐渗杂交

在长江中游鄱阳湖和洞庭湖鳜采样中,采集了兼具鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)和大眼鳜(S.kneri)部分形态特征的中间类型(主要特征:口裂后缘伸达眼睛后缘之下,眼睛大小、头后背前部隆起介于鳜与大眼鳜之间)48尾。为了明确中间类型的分类学关系,采用量化传统形态分类指标、筛选种间特异微卫星标记,对中间类型个体进行鉴定分析。结果:(1)量化分析表明,鳜和大眼鳜在头长/眼径、(吻长+眼径)/口裂长上存在显著差异,鳜头长/眼径为5.286～7.157、(吻长+眼径)/口裂长为0.811～0.999,大眼鳜分别为3.306～5.106和1.040～1.166。48尾中间类型中,5尾判定为鳜,其他43尾个体仍不能鉴定。(2)从28对微卫星标记中筛选出5个鳜和大眼鳜的种间鉴别位点(T103、T063、T089、T135、W19517),利用这5个位点对中间类型的个体进行遗传分析和鉴定,中间类型中有16尾为种间杂交后代,其中9尾为杂交F_1与大眼鳜的回交个体。长江中游湖泊中鳜和大眼鳜存在种间渐渗杂交,今后需加强长江鳜鱼野生资源遗传监测和管理。     

Quantitative trait loci analysis for root traits in synthetic hexaploid wheat under drought stress conditions

Synthetic hexaploid wheat(SHW), possesses numerous genes for drought that can help breeding for drought-tolerant wheat varieties. We evaluated 10 root traits at seedling stage in 111 F9 recombinant inbred lines derived from a F2 population of a SHW line(SHW-L1) and a common wheat line, under normal(NC) and polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress conditions(DC). We mapped quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for root traits using an enriched high-density genetic map containing 120 370 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs), 733 diversity arrays technology markers(DArT) and 119 simple sequence repeats(SSRs). With four replicates per treatment, we identified 19 QTLs for root traits under NC and DC, and 12 of them could be consistently detected with three or four replicates. Two novel QTLs for root fresh weight and root diameter under NC explained 9 and 15.7% of the phenotypic variation respectively, and six novel QTLs for root fresh weight, the ratio of root water loss, total root surface area, number of root tips, and number of root forks under DC explained 8.5–14% of the phenotypic variation. Here seven of eight novel QTLs could be consistently detected with more than three replicates. Results provide essential information for fine-mapping QTLs related to drought tolerance that will facilitate breeding drought-tolerant wheat cultivars.     

Genetic bases of source-,sink-,and yield-related traits revealed by genome-wide association study in Xian rice

The source-sink relationship determines the ultimate grain yield.We investigated the genetic basis of the relationship between source and sink and yield potential in rice.In two environments,we identified quantitative trait loci(QTL)associated with sink capacity(total spikelet number per panicle and thousand-grain weight),source leaf(flag leaf length,flag leaf width and flag leaf area),source-sink relationship(total spikelet number to flag leaf area ratio)and yield-related traits(filled grain number per panicle,panicle number per plant,grain yield per plant,biomass per plant,and harvest index)by genome-wide association analysis using 272 Xian(indica)accessions.The panel showed substantial variation for all traits in the two environments and revealed complex phenotypic correlations.A total of 70 QTL influencing the 11 traits were identified using 469,377 high-quality SNP markers.Five QTL were detected consistently in four chromosomal regions in both environments.Five QTL clusters simultaneously affected source,sink,source–sink relationship,and grain yield traits,probably explaining the genetic basis of significant correlations of grain yield with source and sink traits.We selected 24 candidate genes in the four consistent QTL regions by identifying linkage disequilibrium(LD)blocks associated with significant SNPs and performing haplotype analysis.The genes included one cloned gene(NOG1)and three newly identified QTL(qHI6,qTGW7,and qFLA8).These results provide a theoretical basis for high-yield rice breeding by increasing and balancing source–sink relationships using marker-assisted selection.     

利用SSR技术鉴定西瓜甜瓜种子纯度

利用SSR分子标记技术对西瓜‘W1806’与甜瓜‘M1805’各3个批次及其亲本间的多态性进行引物筛选和种子的纯度鉴定。结果表明,在28对西瓜的SSR引物中,有5对引物在西瓜‘W1806’的F1代与亲本之间有很好的多态性。其中BVWS00839引物特异性好,条带清晰,父母本条带间隔明显,即作为3个批次的西瓜纯度鉴定的引物,其鉴定纯度分别为99.47%、98.96%和97.92%;在18对甜瓜的SSR引物中,只有1对CMBR052引物在F1代扩出的条带为典型的双亲互补型条带,故用该引物对甜瓜进行纯度鉴定,其纯度分别为97.90%、96.80%和97.40%。与田间鉴定结果的吻合率都在98%以上。这2个材料的吻合率说明SSR分子标记技术对西瓜和甜瓜纯度鉴定结果都是可靠的。