Effects of Ammonium Nitrate and Monosodium Glutamate in Waste Water on the Growth,Antioxidant Activity,and Nitrogen Assimilation of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

It has been hypothesized that the uptake of organic as opposed to inorganic nitrogen compounds found in wastewater can be properly substituted for plant nutrients. The objective of this study was to compare effects of applying monosodium glutamate wastewater (MGW) and ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) (AN) on nitrogen metabolism and growth of lettuce. The results showed that while NH₄NO₃ (AN), NO₃^-, nitrite content and NR activity increased the protein content of lettuce. Applying MGW with a high concentration of 17 amino acids and macro- and microelements improved the fresh weights of shoot and root as well as the protein content of lettuce. Antioxidant activities were not affected by AN and MGW, and their interaction effects only increased POD after 8 weeks. In conclusion, substituting a portion of the chemical fertilizers with MGW improved lettuce growth, but did not increase NO₃^- accumulation in leaves.     

黄顶菊水提液对玉米幼苗株高及叶片生理生化指标的影响

以黄顶菊新鲜植株为材料,用蒸馏水浸提活性物质,得到0.1、0.05和0.01g/mL三种不同干物质含量的黄顶菊水提液.以蒸馏水为对照,利用不同含量的黄顶菊水提液处理无土栽培的玉米幼苗,每4d测定幼苗叶片中MDA(丙二醛)、POD(过氧化物酶)、SOD(超氧化歧化酶)、CAT(过氧化氢酶)和CHL(叶绿素)含量.结果表明,黄顶菊水提液处理对玉米幼苗株高产生了明显的抑制作用,且每个处理与对照相比差异达显著水平(P＜0.05).黄顶菊水提液中含量越高,抑制作用越显著.幼苗叶片中MDA含量、POD、SOD、CAT活性均高于对照,而CHL含量低于对照.研究还发现,不同含量处理和不同处理时间对玉米幼苗MDA含量、抗氧化酶和CHL含量的影响之间存在极显著的交互作用.结果预示黄顶菊水提液能够抑制幼苗生长,含量越大,作用效果越明显,可为进一步研究黄顶菊总体化感提供参考.     

镉长期暴露对中华稻蝗抗氧化机制的影响

采用生长于Cd2＋污染条件下的小麦苗喂养中华稻蝗的慢性染毒方法,研究了Cd2＋胁迫对中华稻蝗SOD、CAT、GPx活性和H2O2浓度的影响。结果表明,在Cd2＋的作用下,中华稻蝗体内SOD、CAT、GPx活性和H2O2浓度均发生变化,表明Cd2＋可导致中华稻蝗体内产生ROS。SOD、CAT、GPx3种酶对Cd2＋有一定的耐受性：当Cd2＋浓度在这3种酶的耐受范围内,酶活性提高,反之酶活性降低。Cd2＋与抗氧化系统间的关系复杂,SOD、CAT、GPx共同承担清除ROS、保护中华稻蝗的重要作用。     

Copper and zinc uptake by celery plants grown on acidic soil amended with biosolids

For trace elements, such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), the bioavailability of these elements, Cu and Zn, in biosolids is important because both are essential elements and both are potential contaminants when biosolids are land applied. A greenhouse study was conducted in factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications on a soil treated with four rates of Cu (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) and four rates of Zn (0, 150, 300, and 450 mg/kg) on celery plants to investigate the distribution and mobility of these elements as well as growth and antioxidant changes of celery. The results of antioxidant changes were inconclusive due to irregular changes with Zn and Cu applications. However, generally the results show that Cu did not affect superoxide dismutase (SOD) or peroxidase (POD) activities in most of the treatments. On the other hand, Zn stimulated SOD and POD activities in most of the treatments. The photosynthesis rate decreased with the applications of Cu and Zn at the rates above 100 and 300 mg/kg and increased in low Cu concentration (50 mg/kg) compared to S (soil without biosolid).     

60Coγ射线辐照对沟叶结缕草的离体诱变效应

分别以0(对照)、5、10、20和40Gy的60Coγ射线辐照沟叶结缕草匍匐茎诱导的胚性愈伤组织,比较愈伤组织的生长和再生情况,测定再生植株的染色体倍性以及脯氨酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果表明:5Gy辐照对愈伤组织的生长、再生没有影响;10和20Gy处理对愈伤组织的再生速度有显著的促进作用,再生分化形成3个以上小苗的外植体比率分别比对照提高12.50%和8.68%;而40Gy辐照使愈伤组织的胚性保持能力和再生率分别下降21.67%和8.78%。不同处理对再生植株的SOD、POD、CAT活性及染色体倍性没有影响;与对照相比,经γ射线辐照的愈伤组织获得的再生植株中脯氨酸含量显著提高,最高可达对照的2.4倍(20Gy)。     

月季部分形态生理指标对高温的反应研究

为了筛选出适合高温条件下生长的月季品种,选定7个具有一定耐热性的品种绯扇、冰山、蓝斯带、香欢喜、红双喜、香水黄和芝加哥和平,通过在深圳高温的温室条件下栽培和鉴定,研究常温和高温对月季品种形态和生理指标的影响。结果表明：在形态方面,7个月季品种高温下,生长比较缓慢,冰山和绯扇的生长相对较好,开花数量和开花质量也较好,而香水黄和芝加哥和平在高温下生长缓慢,不开花;在生理方面,随着温度升高,7个品种均表现为MDA含量增加、SOD活性上升、脯氨酸含量也随温度升高呈增加趋势,高温下耐热性强的品种能保持更高的SOD等保护酶活性和更低的MDA含量,并诱导产生更多的脯氨酸。     

大气O3浓度升高对麦田土壤重金属铜生物有效性和生理毒性的影响

在开放式空气O3浓度增加（FACE）平台下,采用盆栽试验,初步研究了O3浓度升高后麦田重金属Cu的生物有效性变化以及对各生长阶段小麦叶片生理毒性的影响。结果表明,在FACE条件下,小麦地上部对Cu的吸收相比于正常大气对应组有增加的现象;与正常大气对应组相比,FACE条件下土壤中有效态Cu的含量也有所增加;随着小麦的生长发育,FACE圈小麦叶片内的MDA含量总体呈上升趋势,O3升高铜污染组的小麦叶片内MDA的含量最高;与正常大气对照组相比,O3升高铜污染组的小麦叶片SOD酶和POD酶比较敏感,在分蘖期其活性受到诱导,但随着暴露时间的增加,抗氧化系统的各个酶的活性逐渐受到抑制。O3加剧了Cu对小麦的牛理胁迫．增加了Cu的牛物有效性。     

陆地棉功能叶不同生育时期酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的研究

对不同熟性棉花品种功能叶几种酶活性及脂质过氧化水平（以丙二醛含量表示）的研究结果表明，超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性在吐絮前呈波动上升，吐絮盛期争剧下降；丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量吐絮前缓慢上升，吐絮后明显增加；过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性在结铃以前随叶片发育而上升，结铃后急剧下降；过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性始终呈上升趋势。进一步对ＰＯＤ同工酶进行电泳发现，其酶谱构成随生育进程而变化，早熟品种在开花期酶带条数最多     

Soybean (Glycine max) Extracts Impact on Plant and Soil Biology

The aim of the present investigation was to determine the phytotoxic effect of aqueous extract from fresh and oven-dried leaves and roots of soybean plants on maize growth and on rhizosphere soil. The extract prepared from fresh leaves of drought-stressed soybean plants significantly increased the accumulation of proline, soluble sugar, and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) content of maize-treated plants. Increase in antioxidant activity like superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and endogenous ABA was recorded in treated plants. The soybean leaf extracts prepared from drought-stressed plants significantly decreased the soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) of maize cultivated soil. The soybean drought-stressed leaf extracts prepared plants were found more effective in modulating the physiology of maize, indicating the higher allelopathic potential of soybean.     

硒和维生素E在热应激猪自由基代谢中的作用

在平均温度为 (34.89± 5 .6 2 )℃的猪舍内 ,选择 10 0日龄长大二元杂交商品生长猪 (去势公猪 ) 4 0头 ,随机分为 4组 ,通过日粮添加不同水平的硒 (Se)和维生素 E(VE)作为对照组、低水平组、中水平组和高水平组 ,测定与自由基代谢有关的血清丙二醛 (malondialdehyde,MDA )含量、超氧化物歧化酶 (superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (glutathione- peroxidase,GSH- Px)活性。结果表明 ,补充 Se和 VE 可降低 (P<0 .0 5 )或显著降低 (P<0 .0 1)血清MDA含量 ;升高 (P<0 .0 5 )或显著升高 (P<0 .0 1)血清 SOD和 GSH- Px活性 ,从而证明 Se和 VE可减少热应激猪体内自由基的数量 ,缓解猪热应激时的自由基损伤 ,提高猪抗热应激的能力