水稻株行距配比的优化和株高密度模型的建立

为了探讨水稻高产栽培合理的株行距配比和栽插密度,在分析水稻株高与栽插密度关系的基础上,提出了确定水稻合理株行距配比的黄金分割优选法,即依赖于水稻株高（x,cm）的株行距配比为：行距（cm）=0.309 x,株距（cm）=0.191 x,建立了水稻株高密度（y,穴/m^2）的幂函数模型：y=169437x^-2（R^2=1）。应用该方法确定的目前生产上具代表性水稻品种的株行距和栽插密度,符合当前水稻高产栽培要求。     

常用精量排种器分析比较

排种器的性能是实现精量播种的关键因素。介绍水平网盘式、窝眼轮式、指夹式、垂直勺轮式、气吸式、气压式、气吹式排种器的工作原理及特点。比较各排种器的性能,为精量排种器的设计改进提供有益的参考。     

玉米叶片定向生长栽培研究

玉米叶片生长习性为互生,叶片生长方向受数量性状遗传和种胚发育特性双重因素控制。通过人为干预种胚在土壤中的空间位置,可实现玉米叶片的定向生长。试验通过不同种植密度,不同种植行向,不同品种类型对玉米叶片定向生长的影响进行研究。结果表明,人为控制种子种胚的播种方位,可有效提高叶片生长的定向率,进而合理增加种植密度至13.5万株hm2,提高产量15%左右。种植行向对定向率无影响,紧凑型品种定向率高于半紧凑型和平展型。      

插秧机株距无级调节系统设计与实现

原有插秧机的插秧株距调节为挡位调节式,田间作业过程中操作不便且为有级调节。为此,设计了一种插秧机株距无级调节系统,该系统可以根据插秧机行进速度和插植传动轴转速无级调节插秧株距。采用液压系统取代原有插秧机株距调节的挡位调节方式,单片机作为CPU,结合接近开关、编码器以及直流电机,设计了插秧机株距无级调节系统。试验表明,该系统可实现插秧机株距无级调节,作业质量符合农艺要求,且性能稳定,可用于后续的插秧机全自动控制研究中。     

穴播与条播对夏谷产量及相关性状的影响

研究了穴播和条播对不同株型谷子产量及相关性状的影响。结果表明,在不同试验地点穴播与条播相比籽粒产量水平相当或有所提高;穴播可以解决谷子单籽出苗顶土力弱的问题;通过研制穴播机可以实现谷子的精量播种,少间苗或不问苗。     

Development of a row guidance system for an autonomous robot for white asparagus harvesting

The special cultivation features of white asparagus pose new challenges to the research and development of the row guidance control. This paper presents a row tracking system of a two-layer structure for an autonomous robot developed to harvest white asparagus. At the low level, two independent speed control loops are suggested to ensure the actual revolutions of the drive motors to follow their demanded values. A cascade control structure, consisting of an inner orientation error controller and an outer lateral offset controller, is proposed for the high level to drive the robot to track the desired trajectory. The most important advantage of the cascade structure is that the inner loop directly regulates the most significant error (the orientation error), which minimizes the impact of the external disturbances upon the outer loop. Moreover, the cascade scheme allows the orientation angle to be limited within a given range. That ensures a collision-free tracking. The controllers are designed based on the traditional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithms. The control parameters are selected by using root locus analysis, which guarantees the system stability. The effectiveness of the proposed control regime is evaluated by numerical simulations and validated by experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that with the suggested row guidance strategy a satisfactory tracking accuracy of ±0.5 cm is achieved.     

钉齿间距对单轴流脱粒与分离装置性能影响的试验研究

利用自行研制的试验台,进行了钉齿间距对单轴流脱粒与分离装置脱粒性能影响的试验研究,得出了钉齿间距变化对功耗、断穗率、含杂率、糙米率、茎秆破碎程度以及损失率等性能指标的影响规律,确定钉齿间距的合理取值为16 cm,为该装置的进一步研究提供理论依据。     

不同行株距（密度）对小黑豆产量及其相关性状变异系数的影响

为了高效开发利用小黑豆资源,提高小黑豆产量,在山西隰县采用随机区组设计方法研究了不同行株距（密度）对小黑豆产量及相关性状变异系数的影响。结果表明：行距40 cm的平均产量优于行距60 cm的平均产量;不同行株距配置（密度）中,R40P30（8.34万株/hm2）处理的籽粒产量、单株籽粒产量、单株荚数和结荚高度4个性状均优于其他处理,R60P15（11.12万株/hm2）处理的百粒重性状优于其他处理,株高性状以R60P25（6.67万株/hm2）处理最高不,同行株距配置（密度）对有效分枝性状不存在影响;不同行株距配置（密度）处理对各性状的变异系数影响序列为产量>结荚高度>单株籽粒产量>百粒重>单株荚数>有效分枝>株高。该项研究为进一步提高小黑豆产量提供了理论和技术支撑。     

行距和穴内插秧密度对寒地粳稻产量和品质性状的影响

为了明确寒地粳稻优质高产栽培的最佳行距和穴内插秧密度,以优质粳稻品系‘东农09-51’为试验材料,采用随机区组试验设计,研究行距和穴内插秧密度及其互作效应对寒地粳稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,行距对产量及其构成因素、加工品质和蒸煮食味品质性状及RVA特性（除了回冷恢复值）都有显著或极显著的影响,穴内插秧密度对产量及其构成因素、加工品质和蒸煮食味品质性状及RVA特性（除了最低粘度和最终粘度）有显著或极显著的影响,二者互作效应对产量及其构成因素、加工品质和蒸煮食味品质性状及RVA特性都有显著或极显著的影响。其中处理A2B2的产量为最高,为9775 kg/hm2,但其蒸煮食味品质并不是最佳的,较A3B2和A2B3处理稍差,这一点与RVA谱特性分析结果是一致的。从高产和优质的协调以及高效角度考虑,首先要充分利用行距和穴内插秧密度的互作效应,行株距30 cm×10 cm、穴内插秧4棵/穴更有利于提高寒地粳稻产量和改善品质。     

Investigating the selectivity of weed harrowing with new methods

In six field experiments on post‐emergence weed harrowing in spring barley, the effects of row spacing, timing, direction and orientation on crop/weed selectivity were investigated. The efficacies of increasing intensities of harrowing generated either by increasing number of passes or increasing driving speed were also tested. Selectivity was defined as the relationship between crop burial in soil immediately after treatment and weed control. To estimate crop burial, digital image analysis was used in order to make objective estimations. The study showed that narrow row spacing decreased selectivity in a late crop growth stage, whereas row spacing in the range 5.3–24 cm had no effects at an early growth stage. Harrowing across rows decreased selectivity in one out of two experiments. Whether repeated passes with the harrow were carried out in the same orientation along the rows or in alternative orientations forth and back was unimportant. There were indications that a high harrowing intensity produced by a single pass at high speed gave a lower selectivity than a similar intensity produced by several passes at a low speed. Impacts on selectivity, however, were small and only significant at high degrees of weed control. Timing had no significant impact on selectivity.