Antioxidant role of propolis extract against oxidative damage of testicular tissue induced by insecticide chlorpyrifos in rats

Pesticides induce oxidative stress leading to generate free radicals and alternate the antioxidant or oxygen free radical scavenging enzyme system. This study was conducted to investigate the oral toxicity of chlorpyrifos toward male rat and the oxidative stress of the sub-lethal dose (9 mg/kg; 1/25 LD₅₀) on the lipid peroxidation level (LPO), reduced glutathione content (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities of testicular tissue. Also, the protective effects of propolis extract (50 mg/kg b.w.) alone or in combination with chlorpyrifos were investigated. The oral administration of chlorpyrifos significantly caused elevation in LPO level by 1.79-fold as compared to control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes including CAT, SOD, GPx and GST were decreased significantly (23.66%, 27.75%, 29.13% and 11.52%) as well as the level of GSH decreased by 21.97% in testicular tissue as compared to control animals. Co-administration of propolis extract with chlorpyrifos or alone in male rats decreased LPO level, normalized CAT, SOD GPx and GST activities, while GSH content was increased in testicular tissue. We conclude that propolis extract significantly reduces chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in rat testis and the protective effect of the pre-treatment with propolis extract as attenuating agent could be due to its antioxidant properties.     

高温胁迫对不同耐热性菜心材料生理特性的差异研究

以4个耐热性存在差异的菜心品种(系)为试材,研究持续高温胁迫对菜心叶片中渗透调节物质、电解质渗漏率、活性氧的产生与清除的影响。结果表明:短期(1d)高温胁迫下,除过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活性在耐热性弱的菜心材料中急剧增加,且达到活力最高值外,其它性状如脯氨酸和甜菜碱含量、电解质渗漏率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、O2.产生速率、H2O2含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)酶活性出现小幅度增加,且这些性状的值在4个菜心材料间差异不大;随着高温胁迫处理时间的延长(3～7d),生理指标在4个材料中呈现不同程度的增加,表现出耐热性强的材料的甜菜碱含量、SOD、POD和CAT酶活性均明显高于耐热性弱的材料,电解质渗漏率、MDA含量、O2.产生速率、H2O2含量则明显低于耐热性弱的材料;而脯氨酸含量的高低则未表现出与菜心耐热性强弱的对应关系。     

猴头菌提取物抗氧化活性研究

分别采用还原力测定法、Fenton法、2,2-二苯基-1-苦肼基(DPPH)分析法和改良邻苯三酚自氧化法,对猴头菌子实体水提物和醇提物的总还原力,清除.OH、DPPH.和O2-.自由基的能力进行测定。结果表明:醇提物还原力较强,且还原力大小与浓度成正比;猴头菌水提物和醇提物均有清除.OH、DPPH.和O2-.自由基的能力,且水提物的效果比醇提物好;水提物和醇提物对.OH、DPPH.和O2-.的清除能力依次为DPPH.、.OH和O2-.,并且在一定浓度范围内,清除率与浓度成正比。     

Cytotoxic, cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of isolated phenolic compounds from fresh ginger

Twenty-nine phenolic compounds were isolated from the root bark of fresh (Yunnan) ginger and their structures fully characterized. Selected compounds were divided into structural categories and twelve compounds subjected to in-vitro assays including DPPH radical scavenging, xanthine-oxidase inhibition, monoamine oxidase inhibition, rat-brain homogenate lipid peroxidation, and rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell and primary liver cell viability to determine their antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. Isolated compounds were also tested against nine human tumor cell lines to characterize anticancer potency. Several diarylheptanoids and epoxidic diarylheptanoids were effective DPPH radical scavengers and moderately effective at inhibiting xanthine oxidase. An enone–dione analog of 6-shogaol (compound 2) was isolated and identified to be most effective at protecting PC12 cells from H₂O₂-induced damage. Almost all tested compounds inhibited lipid peroxidation. Three compounds, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol and an enone-diarylheptanoid analog of curcumin (compound 6) were identified to be cytotoxic in cell lines tested, with KB and HL60 cells most susceptible to 6-shogaol and the curcumin analog with IC₅₀ < 10 μM. QSAR analysis revealed cytotoxicity was related to compound lipophilicity and chemical reactivity. In conclusion, we observed distinct compounds in fresh ginger to have biological activities relevant in diseases associated with reactive oxygen species.     

New icetexane diterpenes with intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory and free-radical scavenging activity isolated from Premna tomentosa roots

New icetexane diterpenes (1-2); 8, 11, 13-icetexatriene-10-hydroxy, 11, 12, 16-tri acetoxyl (1) and 8, 11, 13-icetexatriene-7, 10, 11-dihydroxy-12, 13-dihydrofuran (2) along with six known compounds namely acetoxy syranzaldehyde (3), syranzaldehyde (4), coniferaldehyde (5), lupeol (6), betulin (7), and 4-(4-methoxy phenyl)-2-butanone (8) were isolated from the roots of Premna tomentosa. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were established by detailed spectral analysis using UV, IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, 1D, 2D and Mass. The newly isolated compounds were screened for rat intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory and free radical (DPPH) scavenging potentiality. The new icetexane diterpenes (1, 2) and compound 3 were found to have significant α-glucosidase inhibitory and also free radical scavenging (DPPH) activities.     

Bioactive Compounds from the Red Sea Marine Sponge Hyrtios Species

In continuation of our search for drug leads from Red Sea sponges we have investigated the ethyl acetate fraction of the organic extract of the Red Sea sponge Hyrtios species. Bioassay-directed fractionation of the active fraction resulted into the identification of three new alkaloids, hyrtioerectines D–F (1–3). Hyrtioerectines D–F belong to the rare marine alkaloids in which the indole and β-carboline fragments of the molecule are linked through C-3/C-3 of both moieties. The structures of the isolated compounds were established based on different spectroscopic data including UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) and high-resolution mass spectral studies. The antimicrobial activity against several pathogens and the free radical scavenging activity of the compounds using DPPH reagent were evaluated. In addition, the growth inhibitory activity of the compounds against three cancer cell lines was also evaluated. Hyrtioerectines D–F (1–3) displayed variable antimicrobial, free radical scavenging and cancer growth inhibition activities. Generally, compounds 1 and 3 were more active than compound 2.     

外源海藻糖调节西瓜细胞渗透胁迫抗性的研究

为探究外源海藻糖对渗透胁迫下西瓜细胞生长的影响,本研究以西瓜悬浮培养细胞为试材,测定外源海藻糖预处理后,渗透胁迫对西瓜悬浮培养细胞生长量、细胞外pH、细胞内ROS（活性氧簇）相对含量和微管骨架的影响。结果表明：渗透胁迫下西瓜细胞的生长量明显受到抑制,并且渗透胁迫可诱导西瓜悬浮培养细胞质外体碱化,ROS迸发,细胞微管骨架发生解聚;外源添加海藻糖可在一定程度上缓解渗透胁迫对西瓜悬浮细胞生长量的抑制作用,调节pH、ROS表达水平、并维持微管骨架结构的完整性。以上研究结果表明渗透胁迫下,海藻糖对西瓜细胞具有维持细胞生长、保护亚细胞结构并调节抗性反应的功能。     

不同采收期艾蒿水提物体外抗氧化活性的研究

试验研究了不同采收期艾蒿水提物主要的生物活性成分及其体外抗氧化活性。以料液比(艾蒿:水)1:15(g/mL),70℃水浴4 h制备艾蒿水提物,测定不同采收期艾蒿水提物中多糖、黄酮和多酚的含量,并测定艾蒿提取物对Fe3+的还原力及其对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除力。结果发现,8月份艾蒿水提物中多糖、黄酮和多酚的含量最高,体外抗氧化能力也最强,而6、7月份和9月份艾蒿水提物的体外抗氧化能力较低。研究表明,艾蒿水提物作为一种潜在的天然抗氧化剂资源,其主要的生物活性成分和抗氧化活性受采收期影响而存在一定的差异,与其他月份相比,8月份收割的艾蒿更适宜制备艾蒿水提物。     

灵芝孢子粉中孢子油提取及生物活性的研究

采用超临界CO2萃取法提取灵芝孢子油,通过正交试验确定最佳萃取条件是：萃取压力、温度、时间分别为25MPa、45℃、60min,CO2流量25L／h,在此条件下出油率可达3.96％。灵芝孢子油具有清除NaNO2和DPPH（1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl）自由基的作用,并且其清除作用随孢子油用量的增加而增加。