Fruit set evaluation for self-compatibility selection in almond

Self-compatibility was assessed in 19 almond selections by genetic and physiological means, such as PCR with specific primers for the S_f allele, pollen tube growth, and fruit set after self-pollination and in bagged branches. Although all genotypes possessed the S_f allele and showed a similar pollen tube growth after self-pollination than after cross-pollination with cross-compatible pollen, fruit sets showed a different behaviour between years, ranging from 16.2 to 24.7%, as well as between treatments, with the highest after self-pollination. The differences between genotypes could be due to the genetic constitution of each genotype, where inbreeding may reduce set by the accumulation of deleterious genes in different members of a progeny. Flower morphology may also affect sets in bagged branches. Thus, in addition to bud density, flower sterility, pollination success and environmental conditions, other traits must be taken into account when evaluating yield in self-compatible almond cultivars, such as the inbreeding effect and the effective autonomous self-pollination.     

Methods to improve the fertility of poinsettia

‘Success’ or ‘Red Splendor’ plants propagated by shoot tip culture or embryogenesis had higher pollen germination than those propagated by cutting. All clones of ‘Pepride’, ‘Peter Star’ and ‘Nobel Star’ propagated by cutting or by embryogenesis or shoot tip culture did not have viable pollen. ‘Peter Star’ mutants through mutagenesis could recover pollen viability. When both parents were propagated by tissue culture, fruit set increased compared to when one or both parents were propagated by cuttings. Furthermore, the number of the harvested seeds doubled per pollination set, when the tissue culture parents were used instead of cutting-propagation plants.     

Factors of affecting the spring back of compressedPaulownia wood

In order to increase its hardness and gravity as well as dimension stability, the technology of hot-compressing onPaulownia wood was studied. The main factors of affecting the spring back of the compressedPaulownia samples were discussed. It was discovered that every factor in the experiment had obvious effects on wood hardness and dimension stability of compressed wood. When the MC (Moisture Content) of experimental specimens was 13.89%, it was useful to spray water on the surface of samples before hot pressing. The best result was the recovery of compression set could decrease from 90.69% of untreated wood to 45.51% of soaking specimens into PF (Phenol Formaldehyde) water solution. The hot pressing time was 8 min at 190°C. Responsible editor: Zhu Hong     

From fractal analysis along a line to fractals on the plane

Self-similar fractals are useful models for soil solid and pore sets. The scaling properties of these fractals along a line and across an area can be described by the fractal dimensions. One method, for estimating the soil areal fractal dimension from the solid and pore set distributions along the lines, was proposed and tested with real macro- and micromorphological data on three soils of Mexico. The soil areal fractal dimension (D_a) was compared with the soil mass fractal dimension (D_m) estimated by two-dimensional binary image analysis, separately for solids and pores. Both methods are based on the box-counting technique and are suitable for determining the soil ‘box' or ‘capacity' fractal dimension, that seems to be apt to estimate the alternative filling of an area by a fractal set of solids and pores. This paper examines the relations between the fractal dimensions obtained along a line, across an area and directly from the image. Analysis of D_a and D_m data seems to suggest that both soil genesis and management practice can contribute to areal fractal dimension dynamics. It was shown that fractal dimensions are useful parameters able to monitor tillage influence on soil properties and to estimate the degree of soil compaction.     

非游荡集与测度中心及极小吸引中心

讨论非游荡集与测度中心及极小吸引中心的关系,回答了文献［１］最后提出的部分问题,还得到了它们的一些有趣而有用的结果。     

基于集对分析同一度的一种综合评价方法的改进与应用

介绍了一种基于集对分析同一度概念的方案综合评价方法,指出其不足并加以改进．通过其在水稻灌溉制度选择上的应用,说明该方法的简易性和有效性．     

A new tool for entry and analysis of virulence data for plant pathogens

The methods of Habgood (1970) and Gilmour (1973) for the assignment of pathogen race names are discussed and the advantages of a reversed octal system, based on Gilmour's octal code, are emphasized. A new spreadsheet, 'HaGiS', exploits these two designation systems to provide user-friendly and fast access to some routine steps in the analysis of virulence data for plant pathogen populations. It produces graphs and tables for frequency distributions (of pathotypes, isolate complexities and cultivar susceptibilities); sorted lists (e.g. of the races ranked by predominance); indices (of sample diversity and of pathogenicity for each differential cultivar); and coloured proximity matrices. Use of HaGiS requires knowledge of only a few basic functions of MS Excel 97^®. All graphs, tables, indices and matrices are generated automatically and displayed by switching to the corresponding worksheet. In addition to data analysis, the spreadsheet is convenient for the entry of experimental data, allowing for all commonly used assessment scales.     

提高盖县李坐果率的技术措施

辽宁盖县大李子,在我县已栽植多年。因为果实外形美观、品质优良,所以深受人们的欢迎。但由于有的果园缺乏管理经验,致使有的年份出现“满树花,半树果”现象。经过我们对全县十几个乡镇栽植的盖县李树调查分析后,找出了盖县李坐果率低的原因,并提出了提高盖县李坐果率的几项技术措施。     

基于集对分析的城市人工湿地公园生态安全研究

为了解明湖国家湿地公园生态安全的现状,从压力-状态-响应3个方面选取17个指标,建立湿地生态安全评价指标体系并确定评价等级标准,运用熵权法求出各评价指标的权重,采用集对分析法构建湿地生态安全评价模型,对六盘水市明湖国家湿地公园的生态安全进行了实例研究。结果表明,明湖国家湿地公园压力和响应要素联系度分别为0.9315和0.6529,处于较不安全等级;状态要素联系度为0.5624,属于较安全等级;湿地公园综合生态安全联系度为0.6726,属于较不安全等级。     

Artificial reef placement: a red snapper,Lutjanus campechanus,ecosystem and fuzzy rule‐based model

Abstract This study on reef placement involves two aspects: (1) the development of a bioenergetics model for red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus (Poey), in Gulf of Mexico waters off the coast of Alabama, where significant numbers of artificial reefs are thought to exist, and (2) a fuzzy rough set model by which parameters determined from the bioenergetics model can provide a decision tool for optimally spacing artificial reefs during deployment. The bioenergetics and consumption rates of L. campechanus by age class foraging on artificial reefs in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Alabama provided input into the fuzzy rule‐based model. After conducting multiple simulations, highest certainty in optimal reef spacing was achieved for reef distances between 0.50 and 0.95 km such that no more than two fit within a 1‐km² area. Results can inform fisheries managers about placement of artificial reefs to affect the health and survival of reef‐associated species.