建设生态绿城 构筑和谐东莞

东莞市在2005年公布的中国GDP排名前100位城市生活质量排名中名列第2位(仅次于深圳,超过上海和北京),这一骄人成绩与东莞市近年来大力推进绿色生态建设分不开。现将东莞市人民政府副市长李小梅在第二届中国城市森林论坛上的讲话摘发于下,以飨读者。       

Determination of fiber length and juvenile and mature wood zones in Acer velutinum Boiss. trees grown in Iran

In our investigation we studied fiber lengths and the transition age from juvenile to mature wood in Acer velutinum Boiss. For this purpose, samples from three normal maple trees at a Noshahr site in northern Iran were selected. Disks were cut at breast height. Test samples were taken along a radial direction from the pith to the bark, accounting for every ring during a 48-year period. We used the Franklin method to distinguish between fibers of juvenile and mature wood. The results show that the fiber length increased along the radial direction from the pith to the bark. The transition age between juvenile and mature wood was determined at the 14th annual ring from the pith.     

鹅掌楸种源试验研究

笔者以湖北省京山县鹅掌楸属种源试验林2个树种鹅掌楸与北美鹅掌楸共20个种源为对象,进行了14 a时的生长和主要木材性状的研究。结果表明:北美鹅掌楸的生长优于鹅掌楸,而木材性状则不及鹅掌楸。在胸径、树高、材积、基本密度和纤维长度5个测试性状中,各种源之间存在显著或者极显著差异,为优良种源的选择奠定了基础。相同试验材料不同试验点的结果存在较大分歧表明:鹅掌楸受到较强的环境因素影响,因此在进行种源选择时必须加以考虑。     

Carbon Accumulation and Fossil Fuel Substitution During Different Rotation Scenarios

Accumulation of carbon (C) in biomass and soil, and using forest residues for bioenergy are examples of forestry’s contribution to reducing the enhanced concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The aim of this report was to study the effect of rotation length on carbon accumulation in biomass and soil, and on the amount of forest residues that could substitute fossil fuel during 2000–2100. Two models, based on inventory data from the Swedish National Forest Inventory, were used to simulate the effects of a changed rotation length in the region of Dalarna (1.8 × 10⁶ ha), in central Sweden. During the studied period, the accumulation of carbon in biomass was 32 kg C ha^?1 yr^?1 larger for the prolonged rotation period and 105 kg C ha^?1 yr^?1 smaller for the shortened rotation period compared with the base scenario. The build-up of carbon in forest soil was 23 kg C ha^?1 yr^?1 larger for the prolonged rotation than for the base scenario, whereas the shortened rotation was 24 kg C ha^?1 yr^?1 smaller than the base scenario. The potential to substitute fossil fuel was 37 kg C ha^?1 yr^?1 larger for the shortened rotation and 17 kg C ha^?1 yr^?1 smaller for the prolonged rotation compared with the base scenario. The annual accumulation of carbon in biomass decreased in all scenarios, which resulted in a prolonged rotation scenario possibly being a poor long-term solution (> 100 yrs). The amount of forest residues that could substitute fossil fuel increased in all scenarios during the studied period.     

Comparison of aluminium tolerance in the brassicas and related species

The aluminium tolerance of 31 varieties within 11 species in six genera of the Cruciferae was determined by measuring root length under aluminium stress. Variance analysis indicated highly significant differences of aluminium tolerance among the species compared. Raphanus sativus (2n= 18, RR) had the highest aluminium tolerance, followed by Brassica carinata (2n= 34, BBCC), Brassica oleracea (2n= 18°C) and Brassica napus (2n= 38, AACC), which had the C genome. There might be more than one gene for aluminium tolerance in the R and C genomes. Those species such as Brassica campestris (2n= 20, AA), Brassica nigra (2n= 16, BB), Brassica juncea (2n= 36, AABB), Arabidopsis thaliana (2n= 10, arar), Sinapis alba (2n= 24, alal), Cheiranthus cheiri (2n= 12, chch) and Orychophragmus violaceus (2n= 24, OO) that did not include the R or C genome had lower aluminium tolerances. Transfer of aluminium tolerance from R. sativus into the cultivated brassicas seems possible by intergeneric hybridization and the production of addition, substitution or translocation lines.     

The Identification of QTL Associated with Cotton Fruit Branch Length Suitable for Mechanized Harvest Utilizing BSA-seq

[Objective] This study aims to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with cotton fruit branch length by using the combination of bulked-segregant analysis (BSA) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) method. [Method] In this study, the cotton F₂ segregating population was developed with the short branch line Sujimian 125 and long-branch variety Sikang 1 as cross parents. According to the average internode length of fruit branches in middle, extreme individuals in F₂ population were divided into two groups to generate the bulked DNA samples. The whole-genome resequencing of two DNA bulks was applied to analyze the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and insertion-deletion (InDel) between two groups, and the fruit branch internode length related QTLs were detected using Euclidean distance (ED). [Result] With SNP data obtained from sequencing, a 0.8 Mbp range associated region on chromosome A3 was identified; with InDel data obtained from sequencing, a 1.09 Mbp range associated region on chromosome A3 was identified. Two regions overlapped, and the overlapped range was 0.77 Mbp. [Conclusion] This result suggested that the difference between I-type fruit branch and zero-type was due to different genetic locus and pattern rather than dosage effect of the same gene.     

利用BSA-seq发掘棉花适宜机采的果枝长度相关QTL

【目的】将群体分离分析法与下一代测序技术相结合,定位与棉花果枝长度关联的数量性状位点。【方法】以Ⅰ式果枝品系苏机棉125和Ⅱ式果枝品种泗抗1号为亲本,构建棉花F2分离群体。根据F2群体单株中部果枝节间平均长度,选择极端性状单株分为2组,构建DNA混池。再对2个混池进行重测序,分析2个混池之间的单核苷酸多态性和插入缺失突变,并利用欧式距离法关联与果枝节间长度相关的数量性状位点。【结果】利用测序获得的单核苷酸多态性位点数据,在A3染色体上定位到1个与果枝节间长度关联的区域,区间范围为0.8Mbp;利用测序获得的缺失突变位点数据,也在A3染色体上定位到1个关联区域,区间范围为1.09Mbp;2个关联区域互相重合,重合区间为0.77Mbp。【结论】本研究中Ⅰ式果枝相关基因被定位在A3染色体上,说明棉花Ⅰ式果枝和〇式果枝的差异是因为遗传位点和模式的不同,而不是同一基因的剂量效应。     

Precision of genetic relationship estimates based on molecular markers

Genetic progress through selection is directly related to the amount of variability present in the population and the quality of genes contributed by the parents. Genetic relationships between lines were studied using DNA marker-based estimates of genetic similarity. A statistical methodology using the width of a confidence interval was developed to determine the number of probes to be surveyed and the precision in the estimation of genetic distance between pairs of cultivars. Precision was affected by type of genetic distance used, the number of cultivars, and amount of genetic diversity present in the studied group. The width of a (1-α)% confidence interval decreased as the number of RFLP fragments increased. Oat and wheat diversity studies were used to illustrate the methodology. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

油棕不同叶序的叶片长宽及其含水量变化规律研究

对成龄油棕不同叶序的叶片长、宽以及含水量进行了测定,探讨叶序与这三个因素之间是否存在一定的规律性。根据油棕叶片在树冠轮生的规律来对不同成熟度的叶片进行排序并取样测定。结果表明成龄油棕树种8～26叶长度呈现较为一致的变化规律,而小叶宽则呈无规则变化,各油棕树第16叶的小叶长最为接近,且各油棕树第18叶的小叶宽最为接近。叶长与宽比值无规律,变化范围17.6～33.5;油棕不同叶序的叶片含水量呈现比较一致的变化趋势,均以16和18叶含水量最高,可达59.4%～64.6%,而且嫩叶总体比老叶含水量高。     

利用F2和F3群体定位水稻粒形和千粒重QTL

水稻籽粒的粒长、粒宽和粒厚共同塑成了水稻粒形,并决定水稻籽粒的千粒重及外观品质,而千粒重是决定水稻产量三要素之一。本研究以籼型温敏核不育系广占63-4S为母本,以大粒籼稻TGMS29为父本杂交衍生的F2和F3群体,对影响水稻籽粒粒形和千粒重的数量性状位点(quantitative trait loci, QTL)进行定位。2014年和2015年检测到影响籽粒粒长的QTL 5个,粒宽QTL 8个,粒厚的QTL 4个,千粒重QTL 4个。其中,两年重复检测到2个粒长QTL,分别位于第1染色体RM1和RM490之间,可解释的表型变异为21.3%、22%,和第2染色体RM240和RM208之间,可解释的表型变异为12.8%、15.7%。两年均被检测到的粒宽QTL位于第3染色体RM251和RM571之间,可解释表型变异分别为53.60%、55.00%。两年均被检测到的千粒重QTL位于第1染色体RM220和RM1之间,可解释表型变异分别为15.1%、15.4%。这些QTLs的鉴定为稻米粒形和千粒重的遗传研究提供了帮助,也为稻米品质和产量的改良提供了宝贵的基因资源。