芥菜型油菜多室性状的遗传研究

对芥菜型油菜多室、二室相对性状遗传的研究发现,多室、二室相对性状受1对主效基因控制,且为微效基因所修饰,无胞质效应;多室性状受1对隐性基因控制,二室性状受1对显性基因控制。     

Phytoextraction Potential of Indian Mustard at Various Levels of Zinc Exposure

ABSTRACT

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea Czern.) has the potential to extract zinc (Zn) and other metals from contaminated soils, but the potential to accumulate metals at different levels of exposure is not well documented. The objectives of this research were to assess plant growth and Zn accumulation for different metal-accumulating accessions of Indian mustard grown with various Zn concentrations. In the experiment, three accessions of Indian mustard (426308, 182921, and 211000) were supplied with 12 levels of Zn (ranging from 0.0 to 7.0 mg L^?1) for three weeks in solution culture. Accession 426308 had a greater capacity for dry-mass accumulation than the others, but differences among accessions lessened as the concentration of Zn in solution increased. Accessions did not differ in Zn concentrations in shoots, but accession 426308 had a greater potential to accumulate Zn than the other accessions. Elevating the Zn supply in solutions had a limited effect on increasing the total Zn accumulation of shoots. Plants suffered Zn-induced iron (Fe) deficiency if the Zn concentration in solution exceeded 2.0 mg Zn L^?1. The level of Zn tolerance of Indian mustard accessions was: 211000 > 182921 > 426308. Maximum Zn accumulation in shoots was approximately 5.0 mg Zn per plant. The phytoextraction potential of Indian mustard may be limited under Zn-contaminated conditions by nutrient disorders and toxic effects of Zn that suppress growth.     

芥菜植株原位真空渗入遗传转化方法的研究

以蕾期的芥菜生态型雪里蕻和圆叶芥为试材,在携带潮霉素磷酸转移酶标记基因的根癌农杆菌菌株GV3101的介导下,对影响芥菜植株原位真空渗入遗传转化效果的真空渗入时间、根癌农杆菌悬浮孢子的浓度、渗入培养基、感染方式以及根癌农杆菌菌株等进行研究。结果表明,真空渗入时间为2min／间歇30s／30s;菌液浓度OD600为0．8;渗入培养基为1／2MS无机 B5有机;菌株采用强感染型的;对花蕾进行真空渗入,可以获得最佳转化效果。     

Morphological and cytogenetic studies on the hybrid between bread wheat and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Psathyrostachys huashanica</Emphasis> Keng ex Kuo

Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng ex Kuo (2n = 2x = 14, NsNs), a source of wheat stripe rust, take-all fungus, and powdery mildew resistance with tolerance to salinity and drought, has been successfully hybridized as the pollen parent to bread wheat without using immature embryo rescuing culture for the first time. All of the CSph2b × P. huashanica hybrid seeds germinate well. Backcross derivatives were successfully obtained. F₁ hybrids were verified as intergeneric hybrids on the basis of morphological observation, cytological and molecular analyses. The results obviously showed the phenotypes of the hybrid plants were intermediate between bread wheat and P. huashanica. Chromosome pairing at MI of PMCs in the F₁ hybrid plants was low, and the meiotic configuration was 26.80 I + 0.60 II (rod). Cytological analysis of the hybrid plants revealed the ineffectiveness of the ph2b gene on chromosome association between the parents. Eight RAPD-specific markers for Ns genome were selected for RAPD analysis, and the results indicated that F₁ hybrids contained the Ns genome of P. huashanica. Furthermore, the significance of the finding for bread wheat improvement was discussed.     

Dissipation of acephate, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their metabolites in a humid-tropical vegetable production system

BACKGROUND: High amounts of insecticides are often used in intensive tropical vegetable production systems. Their persistence and residues in vegetables and soils need to be studied to ensure food safety and environmental stability. The dissipation of acephate, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their metabolites was studied in green mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Coss.] and soils. Two treatments, Impact 75 (acephate) and Agent 505 (cypermethrin plus chlorpyrifos), were applied 4 times at weekly intervals. RESULTS: Dissipation of acephate, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in green mustard and topsoils followed first‐order kinetics, with half‐lives of between 1.1 and 3.1 days in green mustard and between 1.4 and 9.4 days in topsoils (26 °C). Higher vapour pressure of insecticides and higher rainfall appeared to stimulate dissipation from the vegetable, with least effect of rainfall on chlorpyrifos. Dissipation rates in the vegetable were faster or similar (cypermethrin) to rates observed for temperate areas. Preharvest intervals of 13, 4 and 3 days were required for acephate, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin and their metabolites to comply with the tolerance levels. The pesticide dissipation rates in soils varied by less than a factor of 3 between sites. The metabolites methamidophos and TCP derived from acephate and chlorpyrifos amounted to less than 10 and 25% by mass of the parent compounds in soils. Vegetable shading possibly retarded pesticide degradation in soil. CONCLUSION: The dissipation of pesticides and their metabolites in the vegetable was rapid and faster than the dissipation in temperate climates. The degradation rates of pesticides in the soil were equal to or slightly faster than the degradation rates in temperate soils. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

山丹新麦草染色体加倍方法研究

本研究以山丹新麦草为材料,通过秋水仙素处理萌动种子、胚芽、二倍体植株幼苗染色体加倍研究,探讨了不同诱变材料的适宜处理浓度和时间,从而比较出最适宜的染色体加倍方法。结果显示：最好的加倍方法是用0．1％的秋水仙素溶液处理二倍体幼苗24h诱变率最高,为62．5％。     

CRISPR/Cas9编辑芥菜型多心皮油菜BjROP10基因的研究

油菜多心皮性状可显著增加油菜的每角果粒数,在油菜高产育种中有潜在的应用价值。前期研究发现,芥菜型多心皮油菜 J163-4 可形成稳定的四心皮性状,且小 G 蛋白基因 BjROP10 可能参与调控其多心皮的形成,但其分子机制尚不明确。本研究利用 CRISPR/Cas9技术,构建了BjROP10的双靶点载体,并遗传转化芥菜型多心皮油菜 J163-4。在 T₀代,通过筛选鉴定获得了 20 株阳性苗,其中 13 株心皮数目发生改变。通过测序分析了 7株心皮数发生变化的转基因阳性植株的 BjROP10 序列突变情况,结果显示其目标基因序列发生变异,导致无法编码形成正常的 BjROP10 蛋白。本研究对进一步解析 BjROP10 基因响应 CLV 信号调控油菜心皮数发育的功能提供了材料基础,也为研究油菜多心皮性状发育的分子机制奠定理论基础。     

基于气候适宜度指数的茎瘤芥产量动态预报方法

为做好重庆重要特色经济作物茎瘤芥的产量预报,本研究耦合光、温、水与茎瘤芥产量形成的供需关系,以预报日前不同生育期气象资料作为参考数据集,基于气候适宜度指数与气象产量指数,建立茎瘤芥产量动态预报模型。结果表明：茎瘤芥幼苗—瘤茎膨大期气候适宜指数与气象产量指数相关性优于仅考虑瘤茎膨大期的分析结果。采取幼苗—瘤茎膨大期以及仅瘤茎膨大期两类参考数据集建立茎瘤芥瘤茎产量丰歉动态预报模型,幼苗—瘤茎膨大期作为参考数据集的计算模型表现更佳,不同起报时间瘤茎产量预报准确率平均值92.0%;归一化均方根误差平均值0.196;丰歉趋势准确率平均值68.2%。说明幼苗期气象条件对茎瘤芥瘤茎产量形成有一定贡献,考虑幼苗期气象要素的气候适宜指数能够更好地解释气象条件对茎瘤芥产量形成的影响。利用2017—2019年气象数据和产量数据对产量丰歉预报模型进行检验,各年度产量预报准确率基本在90%以上。基于气候适宜度指数的茎瘤芥产量动态预报方法能够以较高准确性和稳定性对茎瘤芥产量进行预测。     

开花负调因子芥菜BjSVP与甘蓝BoFLC的异源互作研究

 为阐明开花负调因子BjSVP（源于种子春化型作物芥菜）与BoFLC（源于绿体春化作物甘 蓝）异源聚合后在开花调控路径中的互作机制,从芥菜酵母重组质粒pGADT7-BjSVP 分别亚克隆含MI、 MIK、K、IKC、KC、IK、IK1L1K2L2、IK1L1K2、IK1L1、IK1、I 结构域的11 个SVP 截短体（BjSVPΔ1 ~ BjSVPΔ11）, 构建猎物质粒pGADT7-BjSVPΔ1 ~ pGADT7-BjSVPΔ11 并转化酵母Y187 菌;从甘蓝中克隆了BoFLC 和 BoFLCzq 基因,构建诱饵质粒pGBKT7-BoFLC、pGBKT7-BoFLCzq 并转化酵母Y2HGold 菌。酵母双杂 交表明：芥菜BjSVP 能与甘蓝BoFLC 相互作用,在QDO/X/A 培养基上长出蓝色菌落,激活酵母报告基 因AUR1-C、HIS3、ADE2、MEL1。截短体BjSVPΔ2 ~ BjSVPΔ5 也能与BoFLC 相互作用,而BjSVPΔ7 ~ BjSVPΔ11 不能与BoFLC 互作。由此表明BjSVP 完整的K 域（BjSVP3）可独立作用于BoFLC,但K 域 亚域（K1、K2、K3）或者连接区（L1、L2）缺失突变后不能介导该作用。作用强度分析表明：BjSVP 的I 域能增强该蛋白互作,但M 域和C 域可能会干扰该作用;芥菜BjFLC 被甘蓝BoFLC 或BoFLCzq 替 换后,可明显增加作用强度;甘蓝FLC 的I 域第20 位、K 域第65 位和C 域第32 位氨基酸的变异很可能 与作用强度相关。     

芥菜开花相关基因AGL24的表达及与SOC1、SVP和FLC蛋白的互作

为阐明芥菜（Brassica juncea Coss.）开花激活因子AGL24的表达特性及其在开花途径中与调节因子SOC1、SVP和FLC蛋白的互作机制,从‘青叶芥’中克隆了680 bp的AGL24基因,它编码221个氨基酸。序列分析表明：芥菜AGL24含有M、I、K和C域,分别有59、11、102和47个氨基酸,与油菜AGL24亲缘关系较近。荧光定量PCR分析发现：在低温春化途径和长日照光周期途径中,AGL24在叶片和茎尖中均有表达,营养生长期表达量较低,而生殖生长期表达量迅速增加;AGL24在光周期途径中的表达峰值要早于低温春化途径。酵母双杂交试验表明：全长AGL24与开花信号整合子SOC1蛋白能够互作,激活酵母报告基因AUR1-C、HIS3、ADE2和MEL1,在QDO/X-α-Gal/AbA平板培养基上长出蓝斑。另外,分别去掉M域后的截短体AGL24与SOC1也能相互作用。β–半乳糖苷酶活性检测发现：截短体杂交组合AGL24 × SOC1的互作强度显著高于全长杂交组合AGL24 × SOC1。然而全长AGL24或截短体AGL24 均不能与光周期途径核心抑制子SVP互作,也不与低温春化途径核心抑制因子FLC相互作用,说明AGL24并不是SVP或FLC的直接靶蛋白。