简述湿地公园总体布局及其保护对策

从3个方面分别介绍了吉林扶余大金碑湿地公园的概况、总体规划布局及保护利用对策。     

不同土地利用方式对风沙土酶活性的影响

以辽宁省彰武县柳河流域忙海林子村为例,研究了不同土地利用方式对该区域风沙土6种酶活性的影响。结果表明:裸地由于几乎无植被覆盖,各类生物少,酶活性普遍处于最低水平,应采取措施改良;河滩地由于其特殊的地理位置,土壤易被河水冲刷,酶活性普遍处于较低水平,且由于耕种会影响泄洪,因此,河滩地不适合开垦为耕地;非河滩耕地酶活性基本处于中等水平,说明由于耕作、收割等,加剧了水土流失过程,降低了酶活性,可适度休耕;天然草地酶活性基本处于较高水平,说明天然草地可在一定程度上改善风沙土酶活性;林地酶活性普遍处于最高水平,说明种植杨树对改善风沙土酶活性效果最为明显。     

模拟增温与施肥对高寒草甸土壤酶活性的影响

摘要：采用开顶式生长室模拟增温的方法,研究了气温升高和施肥对高寒草甸土壤酶活性的影响。研究表明,单独增温导致高寒草甸土壤纤维素酶和磷酸酶活性分别提高了12.4%、29.1%,而脲酶活性降低了18.0%,过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性无明显变化,说明增温促进高寒草甸土壤中碳磷循环。在不增温条件下,施肥抑制了土壤纤维素酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性,而施NPK则提高了脲酶和磷酸酶活性。增温条件下,施肥不会引起土壤纤维素酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的显著变化,而施可溶性碳肥使脲酶活性显著升高（P<0.05）,施NPK使磷酸酶活性显著降低。增温和施肥的交互作用对土壤纤维素酶、过氧化物酶、磷酸酶和脲酶活性有显著影响,而对多酚氧化酶无明显影响。因此,预测在未来气候变暖背景下,高寒草甸土壤中的多种酶活性对施肥的响应可能不显著。     

Comparative effect of advanced soy products or corn protein concentrate with porcine meal on growth,body composition,and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano,Trachinotus carolinus

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of diets containing advanced soy products (enzyme‐treated soy and fermented soy) or corn protein concentrate (CPC) in combination with porcine meal (PM) to completely replace poultry byproduct meal (PBM) on growth performance, body composition, and distal intestine histology of Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus. Four experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isolipidic, to contain 400 g/kg crude protein and 80 g/kg lipid. A reference diet (PBM diet [PBMD]) contained 150 g/kg PBM and 495 g/kg soybean meal (SBM), and three test diets were formulated replacing PBM with 15 g/kg of CPC (CPC diet [CPCD]) or replacing all SBM and PBM with 535 g/kg fermented soy (fermented soybean meal diet [FSBMD]) or 451.3 g/kg enzyme‐treated soy (enzyme‐treated soybean meal diet [ESBMD]). All three test diets were supplemented with 38 g/kg of PM. Diets were fed based on a percentage of bodyweight adjusted after sampling the fish every 2 weeks to triplicate groups of Florida pompano juveniles (mean weight 8.06 ± 0.22 g). After 8 weeks of feeding, fish fed CPCD and ESBMD performed equally well in terms of final body weight, thermal growth coefficient, and percentage weight gain in comparison to fish fed PBMD. In all cases, feeding FSBMD resulted in poor feed conversion and lower feed intake compared to other treatments. Protein retention efficiency, whole‐body proximate composition, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, and zinc contents were not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. The results obtained in the present histological study showed no significant differences in the thickness of serous layer, muscular layer, and submucosal layer of the intestine among treatments. Fish fed CPCD showed a significant widening of the lamina propria with an increase of cellular infiltration and higher presence of goblet cells compared to other dietary treatment. Based on these results, 451 g/kg ESBM or combination of 150 g/kg of CPC and 495 g/kg SBM supplemented with 38 g/kg PM can be utilized to develop a practical diet for juvenile Florida pompano without impacting growth, nutritive parameters, and several distal intestine health parameters.     

Effect of benazepril and pimobendan on serum angiotensin‐converting enzyme activity in dogs

To support their combined use, the objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of benazepril and pimobendan on serum angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity in dogs. A total of 48 healthy beagle dogs were randomized into four groups (n = 12 per group) in a parallel‐group design study: A (control, placebo twice daily (BID)); B (0.5–1.0 mg/kg benazepril once daily (SID) in the morning, placebo in the evening); C (0.25–0.5 mg/kg benazepril BID); D (0.25–0.5 mg/kg benazepril and 0.125–0.25 mg/kg pimobendan, both BID). The test items were administered orally for 15 days. Serum ACE activity was measured on days 1 and 15. Groups B, C and D had significantly lower average serum ACE activity compared to baseline and to the control group, on both days 1 and 15. There were no significant differences in average ACE activity between groups B, C and D. Noninferiority of group C to B was demonstrated. In conclusion, 0.25–0.5 mg/kg benazepril administered BID produced noninferior inhibition of serum ACE activity compared to 0.5–1.0 mg/kg benazepril dosed SID. Pimobendan had no significant effect on benazepril's action on serum ACE activity. The results support the use of benazepril BID in dogs and in combination with pimobendan.     

农田沙漠化演变中土壤质量的生物学特性变化

通过研究处于沙漠化过程中的科尔沁沙地旱作农田土壤酶活性与基础土壤呼吸活性，分析了土壤质量生物学特性的沙漠化演变。结果表明，土壤酶活性与基础土壤呼吸对沙漠过程中环境的变化反应敏感，随着沙漠化程度增加，与土壤物理化学肥力因素有关的过氧化氢酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性和土壤呼吸活性随之下降。土壤酶活性和呼吸活性与土壤有机质和养分有极显著的相关，在一定程度上可以用酶活性和呼吸强度表征有机质和养分的状况及其数量的变异，因此，可以作为农田沙漠化演变中土壤质量特征变化的重要辅助指标。     

碘甲磺隆钠盐对土壤中几种生物学指标的影响

通过模拟实验研究了除草剂碘甲磺隆钠盐对土壤中脲酶、过氧化氢酶、呼吸作用及土壤微生物生物量碳的影响。结果表明:碘甲磺隆钠盐在田间施用量(1 mg/kg)下对土壤脲酶和微生物生物量碳的影响呈现为显著的抑制-恢复过程;对土壤过氧化氢酶的影响呈现出轻微的抑制-激活-恢复过程。碘甲磺隆钠盐施用初期对土壤呼吸作用也有一定的影响,浓度愈大,对土壤呼吸强度的抑制愈强,但随着时间的推移,逐步由抑制作用转为一定程度的激发作用,到12 d后施药土壤与对照组土壤的呼吸强度基本上趋于一致。统计分析结果表明,碘甲磺隆钠盐属于低毒或无实际危害的农药。     

三亚市林地资源保护与森林生态旅游开发的思考

通过分析三亚林业资源已开发现状及林业资源保护利用与发展森林生态旅游的关系,提出发展森林生态旅游的一些相应对策与措施。     

Tissue-specific antioxidative and neurotoxic responses to diazinon in Oreochromis niloticus

The purpose of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress and neurotoxic potential of organophosphorus (OP) insecticide diazinon in the sentinel freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticus. Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein levels were measured spectrophotometrically in gill, kidney, alimentary tract, and muscle tissues of fish treated with sub-lethal diazinon concentrations for 1, 7, 15, and 30 days. Dose-dependent inhibitions of AChE were observed in all the experimental fish. On the contrary of alimentary tract, MDA levels were elevated in kidney and muscle and gill was not affected. AChE and MDA levels intercorrelated in kidney and muscle tissues. Diazinon had increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in all the tissues, while kidney was the most affected tissue. Tissue-specific alterations were observed on catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities; however, the activities were not changed in gill and muscle tissues for GPx and in gill, muscle, and kidney tissues for CAT. Protein levels decreased in kidney, muscle, and alimentary tract, while increased in gill and alimentary tract in 15 days. With respect to these results, diazinon has oxidative and neurotoxic potentials in O. niloticus. Observed changes with diazinon treatment were generally tissue-specific and dose-dependent.     

高粱饲粮中添加复合酶制剂和益生菌对肉鸡饲粮表观代谢能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究高粱饲粮中添加复合酶制剂和益生菌对良凤花肉鸡屠宰性能、肉品质、表观代谢能和主要营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验选取900只1日龄体重相近的健康良凤花公鸡,随机分为5个组,分别为对照组(基础饲粮)、高粱组、高粱+复合酶组、高粱+益生菌组和高粱+复合酶+益生菌组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。试验全期为68 d。分为前期(1~28日龄)、后期(29~56日龄)和代谢试验期(57~68日龄)3个阶段进行。试验组前期用高粱替代约30%的玉米,复合酶制剂添加量为200 g/t;后期用高粱替代约50%的玉米,复合酶制剂添加量为300 g/t;全期益生菌添加量为100 g/t。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,高粱+复合酶组和高粱+复合酶+益生菌组粗纤维(CF)表观消化率显著提高(P0.05),各试验组表观代谢能(AME)及其余营养物质表观消化率差异不显著(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,高粱+益生菌组和高粱+复合酶+益生菌组半净膛率显著提高(P0.05),各组其他屠宰性能指标均无显著差异(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,高粱+复合酶+益生菌组胸肌亮度(L*)值显著提高(P0.05),试验组腿肌红度(a*)值显著降低(P0.05)。综上,在高粱饲粮中添加复合酶制剂和益生菌可以提高CF的表观消化率,对肉鸡屠宰性能和肉品质均无不良影响。