Amino acids in loose silky-bent (Apera spica-venti (L.) Beauv.) responding to prosulfocarb exposure and the correlation with physiological effects

Eleven free amino acids were identified in the grass weed loose silky-bent (Apera spica-venti) after exposure to four rates of the thiocarbamate herbicide prosulfocarb. A new HPTLC method was developed for quantification of amino acids in raw plant extracts. A pattern of significant changes in the content of glutamine, glycine, alanine, and proline due to exposure were detected. The content of all four amino acids increased at increasing exposure rates. Quantitative analyses 7 and 21 days after herbicide application showed that over time the amount of proline increased, the alanine and glycine content decreased, and that at high exposure rates the amount of glutamine increased. Visual effects were evaluated and the biomass was measured. The visual symptoms increased and the biomass decreased with increasing exposure rates. A significant correlation between the changes in the content of the four amino acids and the visual effects and the biomasses were found.     

外源甜菜碱和脯氨酸对盐胁迫下大麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为探讨盐胁迫条件下外源甜菜碱（GB）和脯氨酸（Pro）对不同大麦品种种子萌发及幼苗的效应,以课题组前期筛选到的耐盐品种中川大麦和盐敏感品种ZY218为材料,在萌发期和苗期以200 mmol·L^-1NaCl为胁迫条件,分别施加浓度为0、0.5、1.0、5.0、10.0 mmol·L^-1的外源GB和浓度为0、5.0、15.0、30.0、45.0 mmol·L^-1的外源Pro进行处理,测定并分析了不同处理下大麦萌发及幼苗相关指标。结果表明,与不添加外源物质的对照相比,施加外源GB和Pro均可有效缓解盐胁迫对大麦种子萌发及地上部分生长的抑制作用;提高叶片过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性及叶绿素含量;外源Pro可以显著增加幼苗的总根长、总根体积和总根表面积,有效缓解盐胁迫对大麦幼苗根系生长的抑制作用,且对盐敏感品种效应更大。因此,施加外源GB或Pro可有效缓解盐胁迫对大麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用。     

一氧化氮对玉米幼苗抗盐性的影响

研究了一氧化氮(NO)对玉米幼苗抗盐性的影响,结果表明:外施NO供体硝普钠(SNP)可以促进盐胁迫下玉米幼苗的生长,提高叶绿素含量,增加渗透性调节物质脯氨酸的含量。     

转入反义ScP5CS基因烟草植株对PEG和NaCl处理的反应

以转入甘蔗脯氨酸合成酶基因ScP5CS反义片段的转基因烟草与野生型烟草为材料,研究PEG6000与NaCl处理对转基因与野生型烟草植株生长及其T0代种子萌发的影响。结果表明,在17mmol/L NaCl与1%PEG6000胁迫下转入ScP5CS反义基因片段的烟草植株矮小,叶片容易发黄,根系发育迟缓,根长缩短;转基因烟草T0代种子在200mmol/L NaCl胁迫时其发芽率明显受到抑制,并随着盐胁迫处理时间达到第55天时,在50mmol/L NaCl胁迫下其叶片严重黄化,而野生型与转入空载体株系则相反。PEG6000处理对转基因烟草T0代种子萌发影响不大。可见,甘蔗ScP5CS基因在烟草中的反义表达,部分抑制了烟草P5CS基因的活力。     

水分胁迫对2种牧草幼苗脯氨酸及过氧化氢酶活性的影响

采用聚乙二醇高渗溶液模拟水分胁迫方法,研究了水分胁迫对红豆草、无芒雀麦2种牧草幼苗游离脯氨酸(Pro)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。结果表明,在水分胁迫下,2种牧草幼苗Pro含量和CAT活性的变化均呈斜抛物线趋势,即胁迫初期缓慢上升,到达一定胁迫程度后快速下降。     

大豆脯氨酸生物合成相关基因Glyma01g24530的功能预测及表达分析

干旱胁迫下的脯氨酸积累在许多植物中都存在,人们普遍认为脯氨酸含量的提高促进了植物对干旱胁迫的抵抗能力。拟南芥中研究发现,△1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶基因P5CS1是一种限速酶用来催化脯氨酸生物合成,对脯氨酸非常重要。本研究通过生物信息学及荧光定量PCR对大豆中的P5CS1同源基因Glyma01g24530进行了初步的功能分析和表达模式验证。结果发现:Glyma01g24530具有保守的N端乙酰谷氨酸合成酶激酶结构域和N端乙酰谷氨酸合成酶激酶结构域,系统进化树显示与各植物中P5CS家族成员相似性很高,启动子顺式作用元件序列分析表明该基因存在逆境胁迫、光反应等元件。表达模式分析显示Glyma01g24530可以被干旱、盐诱导表达,并在多数组织中表达。     

冷驯化和ABA对茶树抗寒力及其体内脯氨酸含量的影响

本文研究了冷驯化和ABA对茶树抗寒力及其体内脯氨酸含量的影响,结果表明：通过冷驯化或者ABA处理,茶树经历了驯化再到脱驯化的过程,相应地茶树的抗寒力也发生了很大的变化,由驯化前的几乎为0逐渐增大,而随着脱驯化的进行又迅速恢复到驯化前的水平。低温驯化的临界温度为7℃左右,脱驯化的临界温度为9℃左右。人工低温驯化和ABA处理,茶树抗寒力的提高幅度没有自然冷驯化下的大。对三种处理下茶树体内脯氨酸含量的变化的研究发现,冷驯化中茶树体内脯氨酸含量变化是对外界条件变化的一种综合反应,很难说明单一的脯氨酸含量与抗寒力之间的因果关系。     

The role of calcium in regulating photosynthesis and related physiological indexes of cucumber seedlings under low light intensity and suboptimal temperature stress

The response of photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity, and proline content to low light intensity and suboptimal temperature in Cucumis sativa L. seedlings pretreated with either distilled water, 10 mM CaCl₂, 1 mM LaCl₃, 3 mM ethyleneglycol-bis-(2-aminoethyl) tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or 0.05 mM chlorpromazine (CPZ) were investigated. The results showed that 10 mM CaCl₂ led to an increase in photosynthetic rate (Pn), carboxylation efficiency (CE), ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) activity, chlorophyll content, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity, and proline content of cucumber seedlings under low light intensity and suboptimal temperature, in comparison with the distilled water-pretreated seedlings. However, LaCl₃, EGTA and CPZ were in contrast to CaCl₂. These results suggest that CaCl₂ has beneficial effect on photosynthetic adaptation to low light and suboptimal temperature stress in cucumber seedlings. This might be related to the observed increase in RuBPCase activity, alleviation of lipid peroxidation and enhancement of osmoregulation, with these effects being inhibited by LaCl₃, EGTA and CPZ.     

Growth, stomata aperture, biochemical changes and branch anatomy in mango (Mangifera indica) cv. Chokanan in response to root restriction and water stress

Mango production is often subject to space and tree size management pressures among growers. This study found that root restriction contributed to reduced leaf expansion, thus inhibiting the growth of mango trees. There was even less leaf expansion under water stress conditions. Under well-watered conditions, restricted roots considerably reduced stomatal conductance and leaf water potential compared to control root growth. More rapid reductions in stomatal conductance and leaf water potential occurred under restricted root and water stress conditions compared to control trees. Leaf proline concentrations and abscisic acid (ABA) levels increased as a result of root restriction and water stress but decreased with re-watering. Re-watering also increased stomatal conductance, leaf water potential and peroxidase accumulation in plants with both restricted and non-restricted root growth. Anatomical studies of cross sections of secondary branches showed that root restriction and water stress brought about various changes: compacted cells, as estimated by epidermis thickness and area, as well as by cortex thickness, but with increases in schelerenchyma thickness, phloem and xylem thickness, schelerenchyma area, and pith area and diameter. These results suggest that reduction of soil volume and water stress could effectively control tree size through physiological and morphological changes; thereby bringing higher sustainable returns per hectare and greater effectiveness in orchard management.     

外源甜菜碱对盐胁迫下加工番茄生理特性的影响

研究了外源甜菜碱对加工番茄幼苗抗盐性的影响。结果表明:外源甜菜碱可以显著提高加工番茄叶片中脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量,可以提高加工番茄叶片SOD活性,降低膜透性和MDA的含量,从而有效的提高加工番茄的抗盐性。在该试验中叶面喷施高浓度的甜菜碱比低浓度的甜菜碱效果更明显。