脯氨酸对玉米抗旱性影响的研究

通过盆栽及室内试验，在孕穗期和灌浆期进行土壤干旱协迫处理，研究了脯氨酸对玉米品种抗旱性的影响，结果表明，在土壤干旱胁迫前或胁迫解除复水后叶面喷洒脯氨酸对提高玉米抗旱性有益。     

Relationship between salt tolerance and proline accumulation in Australian acacia species

 The effects of salinity on the seedlings of five acacia species, Acacia ampliceps, A. salicina, A. ligulata, A. holosericea, and A. mangium were studied with respect to mortality, growth, and proline accumulation. There was marked variation among the species in their response to salinity. A. ampliceps showed the highest level of salt tolerance among the five acacia species. In contrast, A. holosericea and A. mangium were classified as the least tolerant. The concentration which caused 100% mortality in 2-week-old seedlings during 1 week of treatment was 2.5% (w/v) and 1.5% NaCl for A. ampliceps and A. holosericea, respectively. The dry weights of whole plant of two acacia species decreased markedly under the above salt stress conditions. Proline accumulation was found in leaves and roots after NaCl treatment. The maximum level of proline accumulation in A. holosericea was about twice as great as that in A. ampliceps throughout the stress period. Thus, the level of proline accumulation was not related to the degree of salt tolerance in these acacia species, although a positive correlation between the extent of salt stress and the accumulation of proline was found. Received: July 18, 2002 / Accepted: October 10, 2002 Acknowledgments The author thanks Dr. Kiyoshi Tazaki for his technical advice on the quantitative analysis of proline and Toshiro Sumizono for use of the phytotron. He is also grateful to Dr. Kenji Shinohara for reviewing the language. This work was supported by a grant from the Science and Technology Agency of Japan to the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (Encouragement of Basic Biology).     

干旱对桑树质膜透性脯氨酸积累的影响

在土壤干旱条件下,测定了桑叶质膜透性、游离脯氨酸含量。结果表明,桑叶质膜透性和游离脯氨酸的含量随着干旱程度的加剧而增加。且游离脯氨酸增加的幅度比质膜透性大;不同叶位的桑叶,虽然都表现出增加,但质膜透性随叶位数由上往下的递增而增加,游离脯氨酸含量则减少;桑树对干旱的反应存在着品种间的差异,在同样的旱境中,质膜透性能较好地反映桑树抗旱性强弱,可作为鉴别桑树抗旱性的指标之一,游离脯氨酸的变化与桑树抗早性的关系不很一致,但其增加的速率,可作为桑树受旱而发生变化的敏感参数。     

脯氨酸对高温胁迫下菜薹耐热性的影响

以50天油青菜心为试材,研究了不同浓度脯氨酸处理对菜薹苗期及田间耐热性的影响。苗期试验结果表明,随着高温胁迫时间的延长,菜薹幼苗的热害指数、电解质渗透率不断增高,高温胁迫8～12 h,脯氨酸浓度在150～200 mg•L-1处理的热害指数、电解质渗透率降幅明显,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性增幅明显|田间试验结果表明,脯氨酸浓度在150～200 mg•L-1处理可明显促进叶片生长,增加叶面积、薹鲜质量和根鲜质量,以及提高可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和VC含量。结果表明脯氨酸能增强菜薹的抗氧化能力和维持渗透调节能力,从而缓解高温胁迫对菜薹的伤害。     

薪炭林树种对PEG诱导水分胁迫的生理反应

在云南干旱地区广泛用作薪炭林的树种香须，粉花山扁豆，刺槐和银合欢的幼苗被不同浓度的ＰＥＧ诱导水分胁迫后，相对含水量随ＰＥＧ的浓度增大而下降，质膜透性随ＰＥＣ浓度升高而增大；ＳＯＤ活性基本上也随ＰＥＧ浓度升高而增大。质膜透性与相对含水量呈极显著负相关（ｒ＝０．９２，ｐ＜０．０１），说明干旱脱水使质膜伤害；游离脯氨酸的累积量在ＰＥＧ处理后大幅度上升，增长幅度与树种的相对含水量有关，相对含水量低增长少，相对含水量高增长高，表明脯氨酸有保水作用。ＳＯＤ活性与相对含水量呈显著负相关（ｒ＝－０．６１，ｐ＜０．０５），说明干旱脱水将诱导ＳＯＤ活性增大，以防止或减轻超氧物阴离子自由基Ｏ对膜的伤害作用。揭示和阐明这些树种在水分胁迫中的生理特性，有助于干旱地区造林时对宜林树种的选择。     

不同浓度NaCl胁迫对高粱幼苗电导率及脯氨酸含量的影响

以高粱品种(系)6A×308、7A×301、21A×208、晋杂17和晋杂12为材料,采用不同浓度的NaCl溶液进行处理,测定了高粱幼苗在不同浓度NaCl胁迫下叶片相对电导率及脯氨酸含量。结果表明:随着NaCl胁迫浓度的加大,5个高粱品种幼苗叶片的相对电导率和脯氨酸含量均逐渐升高。当NaCl溶液浓度为200mmol.l-1时,5个高粱品种叶片相对电导率比对照分别升高了3.06倍、4.76倍、3.25倍、6.49倍和2.79倍,脯氨酸含量分别比对照升高了1.62倍、2.40倍、1.94倍、2.52倍和1.47倍。     

高寒盐生植物叶片中脯氨酸(Pro)和脱落酸(ABA)含量的研究

对生长于青海湖畔盐碱湿地上的2种植物,即二裂委陵菜(Potentilla bifurca)和鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserina)叶片中脯氨酸(Pro)和脱落酸(ABA)含量进行了研究。结果表明:随着盐浓度升高,二裂委陵菜和鹅绒委陵菜叶片中Pro和ABA含量呈逐渐上升的趋势。在此基础上,讨论了这种变化与生态环境因子间的关系。     

干旱胁迫对烤烟叶片脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量的影响

[目的]明确不同强度干旱胁迫对烟草脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量的影响。[方法]以烤烟品种K326为材料,研究了4种强度干旱胁迫下烤烟脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量的变化。[结果]脯氨酸含量随胁迫时间延长而增加,且与胁迫程度呈正相关;可溶性蛋白质含量先增加后降低,降低幅度与胁迫程度相关。[结论]长期干旱胁迫对脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白质含量的影响最大,其次是伏旱处理。     

棉黄萎病对棉叶脯氨酸含量及光合蒸腾作用的影响

抗病品种陕1155、陕2059与感病品种泗棉2号、冀棉11号之间,经统计分析表明,病情指数差异显著(p<0.05).用磺基水扬酸法测定不同抗性棉花叶片游离脯氨酸含量,接种后感病品种泗棉2号,冀棉11号含量显著高于抗病品种陕1155和陕2059(P<0.05).2个抗病品种之间和2个感病品种之间差异不显著.测定不同发病程度棉苗的光合与蒸腾作用表明,接菌后的棉苗即使不表现症状,净光合率也显著下降(P<0.01),病棉苗比健棉苗净光合率下降90%～96%.病棉苗的气孔传导使蒸腾速率显著下降(P<0.01),但发病程度与气孔传导和蒸腾速率之间无显著相关.叶片气孔阻力随棉苗的病情发展呈显著增加趋势(P<0.05).