青海省草地生态畜牧业中养羊业发展机制探讨

在草地生态畜牧业战略总体规划下,养羊产业仍然是青海省草地畜牧业的主要组成部分。该研究分析了青海省养羊业现状,指出当地可以进一步降低羊总数,提高个体生产力,加速周转。通过分析产业内部因素和外部环境条件,提出产业发展思路:在建立牧民合作组织的基础上,开展集约化、规模化和标准化生产经营,应用配套技术,推广科技成果,牧民学习新技术,提高生产、管理和营销能力。     

日本农协的典型经验及对我国农民合作经济组织的启示

应借鉴日本农协经验,在政府政策和法律支持的基础上,通过拓宽农民合作经济组织职能,建立健全内部规章制度,培养农业合作专业人才,发展我国农民合作经济组织。     

苏陈镇农村资金互助社发展中存在的问题及对策研究

介绍了江苏省泰州市苏陈镇农村互助社的发展现状,分析了该互助社在发展过程中存在的诸如人才匮乏、资金短缺、法律不健全等问题,并对该互助社未来的发展提出了相应建议。     

基于台湾农民创业园视角的闽台农民合作创业模式研究

由于自然环境和社会环境的差异,台湾农民在台湾农民创业园中的创业面临诸多风险。通过分析闽台农民合作创业的重要性和可行性,提出闽台农民合作创业的模式,包括横向合作和纵向合作,并对闽台农民合作创业提出对策建议,包括从思想和政策着手,加强合作创业的平台建设,加大宣传力度,努力营造良好的合作创业的氛围。     

农地产权视角下我国农村合作经济组织创新研究

通过对我国农村合作经济组织与农地产权制度变迁过程的考察,运用制度经济学理论对农村合作经济组织与农地产权制度变迁的过程与主要内容进行了总结和概括,并从农地产权制度发展角度探讨当代我国农村合作经济组织的创新,最后对其健康发展提出了一些意见和建议。     

基于信任成本的社员对合作社信任的影响研究

为提高社员对合作社的信任程度,运用因子分析法分析了社员对合作社信任成本的内容结构,然后运用结构方程模型从信任成本的角度分析了社员对合作社信任的影响。结果表明:信息成本、制度成本、心理成本和监督成本构成了社员对合作社的信任成本,其中心理成本对社员对合作社信任的影响最大,其次是监督成本和信息成本,制度成本影响最小。     

现代烟草农业烟叶生产组织模式创新研究

从理论角度分析了农业生产组织创新模式的演化规律,并对烟叶种植的农地经营规模和新型组织方式的实现条件进行总结,通过利川齐心、雷家坪烟农专业合作社案例对比,分析了＂烟草公司＋合作社＋烟农＂组织模式的特点和优势,提出了促进创新组织方式实现的建议。     

Experimental determinations of factors affecting the sink rates of baited hooks to minimize seabird mortality in pelagic longline fisheries

• 1. An experiment was conducted in Australia's pelagic longline fishery to establish a scientific basis for the introduction of line weighting to reduce seabird mortality. The experiment examined the effects of different bait species (blue mackerel, yellow‐tail mackerel and squid), bait life status (dead or alive), weight of leaded swivels (60 g, 100 g and 160 g) and leader length (distance between leaded swivel and hooks: 2 m, 3 m and 4 m) on the sink rates of baited hooks from 0–6 m deep.
• 2. On average, live bait sank much more slowly than dead bait. The sink rates of individual live bait were highly variable: many were <2 m underwater 18 s after deployment, including some on the heaviest swivels, and some were <10 m deep after 120 s.
• 3. Within the dead bait group, all three swivel weights on 3 m and 4 m leaders sank at similar rates. Initial sink rates (e.g. 0–2 m) were 2–3 times slower than final rates (e.g. 4–6 m) for all combinations of swivel weight and leader length. The fastest initial and final sink rates were associated with heavy swivels placed close to hooks.
• 4. The results show that (a) compared with dead bait, live bait greatly increases the exposure of baited hooks to seabirds; (b) initial sink rates of dead bait are increased by placing leaded swivels close to hooks and final rates by increasing the weight of the swivels; (c) adding weight to long leaders makes little difference to sink rates; and (d) the small (incremental) changes to swivel weights and leader lengths typically preferred by industry will be difficult to detect at sea and unlikely to substantially reduce seabird mortality.
• 5. We suggest that experiments designed to reduce seabird mortality from that associated with 60 g swivels and ～3.5 m leaders (the preferred option by industry) should aim to expedite the initial sink rates as well as rates to deeper depths. This objective could be achieved by including branch lines with ≥120 g swivels ≤2 m in comparative assessments of the effectiveness of line weighting regimes in reducing seabird mortality. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

     

温州市张网捕捞能力的分析

根据2003年温州市4个地区张网渔业调查数据,运用数据包络法分析其捕捞能力。结果表明,2003年温州市张网平均利用率为89.2%。考虑了协同作用后,把占有率也当作产出,平均利用率提高至95.2%,能力产量达到109453 t。如果要保持现有产量,则可减船71艘。     

株洲农民专业合作组织经营效率评价

目前，株洲农民专业合作组织的发展仍然不能适应农业市场化发展的要求。如何辨识阻碍农民专业合作组织发展的主要因素及其对农民专业合作组织发展的影响，使农民专业合作组织提高资源配置效率，有效规避市场风险，最大化自身产出和收益，已成为一个亟待解决的研究课题。文章基于DEA方法对株洲农民专业合作组织进行了相关研究。