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41.
为了明确我国落选短体线虫群体的遗传多样性,利用mtCOI基因标记对落选短体线虫9个地理群体的遗传结构及遗传分化进行分析。结果显示,9个地理群体中共得到101条mtCOI序列,发现28个碱基变异位点,形成14个单倍型。其中,H1单倍型最常见,为7个地理群体的59个个体共有,推测其可能为祖先单倍型。全部地理群体在物种水平呈现中等遗传多样性(HT = 0.706±0.131),聚类分析显示其可分为类群Ⅰ与类群Ⅱ两个类群,AMOVA分析揭示落选短体线虫整体水平的遗传分化主要来源于种群间。Mantel检验表明落选短体线虫群体的遗传距离与地理距离存在正相关性,但是不同种群之间的遗传分化程度与地理距离没有显著关系。中性检验和错配分布检验均揭示落选短体线虫在整体水平和两个类群上的群体历史动态都处于相对稳定的状态。 相似文献
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花生短体线虫病的病原鉴定与诊断 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
2013年对福建省3个花生产区进行调查,发现成熟的花生荚果果面上出现紫褐至黑色病斑,病斑病健交界处清晰,花生的根和胚栓也出现不同程度的变色坏死症状。同时采集病变样品,从各病组织中分离出大量的短体线虫,其中以花生外壳组织中的线虫最多。该线虫通过形态学特征观察和分子生物学特性比较,鉴定为短尾短体线虫(Pratylenchus brachyurus)。再对短尾短体线虫侵染花生引起的病害症状进行详细描述,并通过接种试验证实短尾短体线虫对中国花生的致病性。 相似文献
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Valeria Orlando Ivan G. Grove Simon G. Edwards Thomas Prior David Roberts Roy Neilson Matthew Back 《Plant pathology》2020,69(3):405-417
Root-lesion nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus are migratory endoparasites with worldwide economic impact on several important crops including potato, where certain species like P. penetrans, P. neglectus, and P. scribneri reduce the yield and quality of potato tubers. Morphological identification of Pratylenchus spp. is challenging, and recent advancements in molecular techniques provide robust and rapid diagnostics to differentiate species without the need of specialist skills. However, the fact that molecular diagnostics are not available for all Pratylenchus species means that there are limitations in worldwide application. In general, root-lesion nematodes are difficult to manage once introduced into agricultural land and damage can be related to pathogenicity and population densities. In addition, root-lesion nematodes interact with fungi such as Verticillium dahliae, resulting in disease complexes that enhance the damage inflicted on the potato crop. Management interventions are often focused on limiting nematode reproduction before planting crops and include the application of nematicides, and cultural practices such as crop rotation, cover crops, biofumigation, and biological control. Understanding the limitations of the available crop protection strategies is important and there are many gaps for further study. This review discusses the status of the diagnosis, distribution, pathogenicity, and management of the main species of root-lesion nematodes, reported to infect potatoes worldwide, and highlights areas for potential future research. 相似文献
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Pratylenchus curvicauda, which was first described in metropolitan Perth in 1991, was recently identified in grain-growing areas in Western Australia. The biology of this root-lesion nematode, and especially its pest status, is unknown. We investigated its life cycle and interaction with host plants, because such information is essential for its management. The life cycle took 45 days to complete in a wheat cultivar maintained at 23°C. Over 10 weeks, the nematode multiplied in 26 of 61 genotypes; these host plants were all cereals and included widely grown cultivars of wheat and barley. Eighteen other cereal genotypes and 13 cultivars including canola, chickpea, ryegrass, lupin, soybean, and tomato, sustained the nematodes to different degrees without multiplication. Four cover crops were not suitable hosts. The patterns of attraction of the nematodes and penetration into roots of the host and tolerant plants were similar. The nonhosts attracted fewer nematodes, none of which penetrated the roots. Browning of infected roots was atypical—it occurred late in some roots, 55 days after inoculation, and in the presence of a fungus. The nematodes were confined to, and fed from, cortical cells. The ultrastructure of infected wheat and barley cells showed typical signs of damage caused by Pratylenchus spp. and included cell disorganization and lack of membrane integrity, disintegration of cytoplasm, hypertrophy of some nuclei, and deposition of tannin-like granules. This detailed characterization of P. curvicauda–host interaction indicates the nematode is likely to be a pest of major crops, and attention should be given to its management. 相似文献
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T. Musabyimana R. C. Saxena E. W. Kairu C. K. P. O. Ogol Z. R. Khan 《Phytoparasitica》2000,28(4):321-330
Field trials were conducted in Kenya with ‘Nakyetengu’, an East African highland banana cultivar (AAA-EA), highly susceptible
to banana pests. Regardless of soil fertility levels, incorporation around the plant base of powdered neem(Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) seed or cake at 60-100 g/mat at 4-month intervals, gave better control of the banana weevil,Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar), and of parasitic nematodes, than that achieved with soil application of Furadan 5G (carbofuran) at 60 g/mat at
6-month intervals. Compared with untreated control, fruit yield in most of the neem treatments was significantly higher, particularly
during the second cycle of crop production. Neem application conferred a net economic gain, whereas Furadan application proved
uneconomical. Application of powdered neem seed or cake at higher rates (200–400 g/mat) at 6-month intervals caused phytotoxicity,
resulting in drying up of banana plants before fruiting, or in ‘chokethroat’,i.e., inflorescence emergence failure. 相似文献
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采用水浴法,对离体咖啡短体线虫、薯蓣块根内咖啡短体线虫以及薯蓣块根在不同温度条件下的敏感性进行测定。结果表明,在47、50、52、55 ℃处理条件下,杀死100%离体咖啡短体线虫的处理时间分别为6、2.5、1.5、1.5 min,而杀死100%薯蓣块根内线虫的处理时间分别为19、15、11、10 min;同时在上述温度下,分别处理35、30、25 min和25 min对薯蓣发芽没有影响。在同一温度处理中,随着处理时间延长,线虫的死亡率增加;而在不同温度处理中,随着温度升高,杀死线虫的时间逐渐缩短。综合上述试验结果,建议生产上防治薯蓣种薯内咖啡短体线虫的处理方法以52~55 ℃处理15~20 min为宜。 相似文献
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