Molecular Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Chitin Synthase cDNA from Mamestra brassicae （L.） （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae） Cuticle

Chitin is the most widespread amino polysaccharide in nature. Chitin synthase （CHS） plays an important role in chitin formation in the cuticle and the peritrophic membrane （PM） lining the midgut. Total RNA was isolated from the cuticle of Mamestra brassicae （L.） fourth instar larva, cDNA sequence was cloned by RT-PCR and Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends （RACE）. cDNA 5 220 bp in length, contained an open reading frame of 4 704 bp coding for a polypeptide of 1 567 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 178.3 ku and its pI was 6.42. The deduced amino acid sequence from Mi brassicae （L.） shared the high level of identity with chitin synthase sequences from other insects, especially lepidopteran insects, cDNA sequence has been deposited with GenBank under accession No. GQ281761     

暗孢耳霉对甘蓝蚜的致病机理

通过石蜡切片技术,研究了暗孢耳霉侵染甘蓝蚜的致病机理。暗孢耳霉侵染寄主过程是其与寄主甘蓝蚜相互作用的结果。在这个过程中,寄主组织病理变化伴随着体色及其他外部特征的变化而变化。接种后暗孢耳霉分生孢子在甘蓝蚜体壁上萌发出芽管侵入其体内,以原生质体形式利用寄主体内营养进行繁殖。当原生质体充满寄主血腔时,原生质体分化生出细胞壁成为菌丝段,寄主死亡。接种36h,甘蓝蚜死亡率仅为5%;48h后死亡率为10%,144h后43%蚜虫死亡。刚死亡的蚜虫体色为灰白色,随着时间的增加,体色转为白色,并在体壁上长满灰白色的绒毛。     

氟唑活化酯诱导大白菜抗根肿病效果与机理初步研究

为明确新型植物诱导抗病剂氟唑活化酯对大白菜根肿病的诱导抗病效果及抗病机理,研究了氟唑活化酯的诱导浓度、在白菜根部的运输过程以及氟唑活化酯诱导白菜后相关防御基因的表达情况。结果显示以氟唑活化酯25 mg ? L-1对大白菜进行叶面喷雾诱导时根肿病的病情指数最低。通过台盼蓝（Trypan blue）染色观察到氟唑活化酯诱导大白菜叶片后,根部对根肿菌也产生了一定的抗性。利用Real-time PCR技术检测大白菜防御相关基因的表达,发现氟唑活化酯诱导大白菜2 h后JA途径中的COI1和LOX2基因以及SA途径中的PR-1基因都有显著的过量表达,其中JA信号途径相关基因表达变化更明显。结果说明氟唑活化酯可以诱导大白菜产生系统获得抗性,两种信号传导途径都参与了抗病过程,但以JA途径为主,SA途径为辅。     

江西省油菜根肿菌小种鉴定与油菜品种抗性分析

明确江西省油菜根肿病病菌类型及油菜品种对病害的抗性,对指导油菜生产及景区观光业的发展具有重要意义。为了探明油菜根肿病的分布及其病菌的致病性分化,于2011年至2016年持续对江西省油菜根肿病的地理分布进行调查,并对病区油菜根肿病株进行生理小种鉴定。结果表明,江西油菜根肿病主要分布在赣东北局部区域,致病菌为4号和9号生理小种,其中4号小种仅发现在赣东北区域分布。在4号和9号小种的病区分别设置田间病圃进行200余个油菜品种的抗性鉴定,结果表明,测试的全部油菜品种对9号小种表现抗病,而94.74%油菜品种对4号小种表现感病;萝卜籽花和59-013等12个品种对4号小种具中抗以上水平。本研究筛选到生理小种特异性的抗病资源或品种,可为油菜抗根肿病育种提供抗源。     

Clubroot resistance introgression in interspecific hybrids between Raphanus sativus and Brassica napus

Clubroot is a prevailing soil-borne disease affecting rapeseed production worldwide.However,few clubroot resistant rapeseed accessions were available for breeding.Identification and introgression of new clubroot resistant genes from closely related species by distant hybridization is an effective strategy.In the present study,9 radish(Raphanus sativus L.,2n=18,RR)lines resistant to Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotype 4 were used as donors to transfer clubroot resistance into a susceptible rapeseed(Brassica napus L.,2n=38,AACC)line by distant hybridization combined with embryo rescue.Nine intergeneric crosses were made but only 1(411×93039)produced F1 plants both from embryo rescue and natural seed-setting.Authenticity of triploid F1 hybrids(2n=28,ACR)were verified by flower color,cytological observation and molecular marker analysis,and 2 genuine F1 hybrids were identified.After chromosome doubling,these synthetic allohexaploid plants(2n=56,AACCRR)became partially fertile(pollen viability rate=35%)and were backcrossed with rapeseed parent to generate a BC1 population(2n=47,AACCR).Totally 178 BC1 plants were obtained,of which the majority(96.1%)were resistant to clubroot.These backcrossing progenies could be used for the breeding of new rapeseed varieties resistant to clubroot.     

芸薹根肿菌生理小种鉴别方法研究进展

本文综述了芸薹根肿菌生理小种鉴别方法和国际通用的根肿病生理小种鉴别系统及鉴别寄主,详细介绍了“Williams”和“ECD”根肿病鉴别系统的优缺点及适用范围,分析了分子生物学鉴定根肿病生理小种的技术,以期为抗病品种选育和持续控制根肿病提供准确的抗病鉴定方法。     

Pathogenicity of Plasmodiophora brassicae populations from small, spheroid, resistant-type clubroot galls on roots of clubroot-resistant cultivars of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis)

A resistant type of small, spheroid clubroot galls (SSGs) containing resting spores formed on the root surface of clubroot-resistant (CR) cultivars of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis) inoculated with an avirulent population of Plasmodiophora  brassicae. Populations isolated from the SSGs severely affected a common (susceptible) cultivar but did not have the typical pathogenicity on CR cultivars, indicating similarity in pathogenicity between SSG and original spore populaions. Populations pathogenic on CR cultivars were not detected from SSGs. Therefore, the ability of the avirulent population among the SSGs to form resting spores may need to be considered to achieve clubroot control in common cultivars of crucifers.     

腰果壳油抑菌及杀虫活性的初步研究

以苹果树腐烂病菌等11种植物病原真菌为供试菌,以甘蓝蚜虫为供试虫,评价了腰果壳油的抑菌杀虫活性.结果表明,腰果壳油对11种病原真菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中对苹果树腐烂病菌的效果最好,48 h的EC50为0.169 g·L-1(y=1.101x+3.648,r2=0.992 0);腰果壳油对蚜虫具有较好的毒杀作用,72 h的LC50为10.692 g·L-1(y=1.752 4x+3.1967,r2=0.907 7).研究结果对于开发环境友好农药以及充分利用腰果壳油均具有重要意义.     

Effects of temperature on infection and subsequent development of clubroot under controlled conditions

Controlled‐environment studies were conducted on two Brassica crops (canola, Brassica napus; and Shanghai pak choi, B. rapa subsp. chinensis var. communis) to examine the effects of temperature on infection and subsequent development of clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae. In the first experiment, canola seedlings were grown in infested soil for 3 weeks at 14–26°C to assess the impact on primary and secondary infection and transferred to 20°C for 3 weeks to assess symptom development under uniform conditions, or started at 20°C for 3 weeks and then placed at the treatment temperatures for the final 3 weeks to assess the impact of temperature on symptom development. A second experiment examined a wider range of temperatures (10–30°C). Similar experiments were also conducted on Shanghai pak choi. The studies demonstrated that clubroot severity was affected by temperature during both infection and vegetative development of the crop. Both early and late in crop development, little or no clubroot developed at temperatures at or below 17°C, and development was slower above 26°C than at 23–26°C for both crops throughout the study. In canola, the high levels of inoculum used in the study resulted in a high incidence of clubroot irrespective of temperature, but in pak choi incidence showed the same pattern as severity. This is the first study to demonstrate under controlled conditions that temperature during vegetative growth of the crop affects symptom development of clubroot.     

甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂防治草地贪夜蛾的应用与推广

通过田间小区试验评价了广谱甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒对草地贪夜蛾的防治效果,20亿PIB/mL甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂用于防治草地贪夜蛾,每亩用量50～60 mL,药后7 d防治效果达到85%以上。2019年在江西省、四川省和贵州省推广应用44.9万亩。