防治白菜根肿病的药剂筛选

分别采用拌药法和灌药法,比较了10种供试药剂对白菜根肿病的温室防治效果,并对盆栽试验防效较好的3种药剂进行了田间药效试验。结果表明,在温室条件下,50%氟啶胺悬浮剂(1 g/m3)、50%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂(25 g/m3)、70%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂(35 g/m3)和40%五氯硝基苯粉剂(20 g/m3)的拌药处理,对白菜根肿病的防效均在50%以上,显著优于灌药处理的防效。田间药效试验结果表明,50%氟啶胺悬浮剂(2 g/m3)拌药处理的防效在80%以上,与盆栽药效试验结果一致,并显著优于其他药剂处理。     

Effect of soil type,organic matter content,bulk density and saturation on clubroot severity and biofungicide efficacy

Growth room experiments were conducted to assess the interaction of soil type, biofungicides, soil compaction and pathotype/host on infection and symptom development caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, the cause of clubroot on Brassica spp. In two initial experiments, four soil types (peat soil, mineral soil, non‐calcareous sand, soil‐less mix), two biofungicides (Bacillus subtilis, Clonostachys rosea), and two pathotypes (3 and 6, Williams’ differential set) were assessed. Differences in clubroot severity associated with soil type were unexpectedly small and variable. Prestop (C. rosea) was often more effective than Serenade (B. subtilis) at reducing clubroot levels on peat and mineral soils, but less effective than Serenade on sand. Inoculation with pathotype 3 often resulted in a slightly higher mean severity than pathotype 6. The interaction of soil type × biofungicide was similar on both canola (B. napus) and Shanghai pak choy (B. rapa subsp. chinensis), whether the soil was kept saturated or allowed to drain after inoculation. The impact of soil type on biofungicide efficacy might explain, in part, why biofungicides are more effective in one location than another. The observation that clubroot severity in soil‐less mix was affected by compaction led to an investigation of soil bulk density. Severity was higher in soil‐less mix that was more compacted than in the initial experiments, and was lower in peat and mineral soils when soil bulk density was reduced by adding soil‐less mix. In this study, soil bulk density had a larger impact on clubroot than soil type, organic matter or pathotype.     

甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒杀虫剂的研制及药效测定

用麦胚人工饲料饲养甘蓝夜蛾幼虫,饲料添毒接种生产甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒(MbNPV,东北农学院分离的菌株)。以2×10~6PIB/ml接种8龄末期幼虫为最佳接种条件,增殖效果最好,产量最高达4.55×10~9PIB/虫。自制MbNPV可湿性粉剂,室内毒力测定的LC_(50)为4.89×10~4PIB/ml,杀虫效力明显优于液剂。     

Allelic variation of a clubroot resistance gene (Crr1a) in Japanese cultivars of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L.)

Clubroot resistance (CR) is an important trait in Chinese cabbage breeding worldwide. Although Crr1a, the gene responsible for clubroot-resistance, has been cloned and shown to encode the NLR protein, its allelic variation and molecular function remain unknown. Here, we investigated the sequence variation and function of three Crr1a alleles cloned from six CR F₁ cultivars of Chinese cabbage. Gain-of-function analysis revealed that Crr1a^Kinami90_a isolated from the cv. ‘Kinami 90’ conferred clubroot resistance as observed for Crr1a^G004. Because two susceptible alleles commonly lacked 172 amino acids in the C-terminal region, we investigated clubroot resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis harboring the chimeric Crr1a, in which 172 amino acids of the functional alleles were fused to the susceptible alleles. The fusion of the C-terminal region to the susceptible alleles restored resistance, indicating that their susceptibility was caused by the lack of the C-terminus. We developed DNA markers to detect the two functional Crr1a alleles, and demonstrated that the functional Crr1a alleles were frequently found in European fodder turnips, whereas they were rarely introduced into Japanese CR cultivars of Chinese cabbage. These results would contribute to CR breeding via marker-assisted selection and help our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying clubroot resistance.     

根肿病生防放线菌B18发酵条件的研究

B18是一株对十字花科根肿病菌Plasmodiophora brassicae具有抑制作用的优良生防放线菌,其活菌以及发酵液都可抑制根肿病菌休眠孢子萌发.为提高其菌体量以及孢子萌发抑制率,本文以菌体生物量和发酵液抑制根肿病菌休眠孢子活性为指标,通过单因素试验和正交设计优化B18的发酵培养基组分以及培养条件.结果 表明:...     

十字花科蔬菜种传黑斑病研究进展

黑斑病是危害十字花科蔬菜生产的世界性真菌病害，20世纪90年代前后在我国北方严重发生，目前在生产中仍有潜在风险。黑斑病病原芸薹链格孢、甘蓝链格孢、萝卜链格孢的鉴定主要借助病菌形态、病原变异、核酸序列、同工酶与酶联免疫分析，其中从核酸水平进行病原鉴定更为快捷；黑斑病菌毒素等次生代谢产物是重要致病因子。分子生物学方法已用于十字花科蔬菜种传黑斑病菌种的检测和鉴定。在该病害的防治方法中，种子处理及施用高效低毒杀菌剂是有效途径。今后应在分子水平上注重对病原种群构成、病害流行及种子健康检测方法的研究，同时加强该病害生物防治的基础和技术性探索。     

复合型甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒对三种夜蛾的室内毒杀试验

复合型甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒是由甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒(MbNPV)与苜蓿银纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒(ACNPV)按0.5∶1复合而成的。为了掌握其对甘蓝夜蛾的毒杀效果,用蒸馏水将其稀释成2.0×10~3、2.0×10~4、2.0×10~5、2.0×10~6、2.0×10~7PIB·mL~(-1)五个所需的浓度进行测试,并用方差分析和新复极差法测验。结果表明:复合型甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒对斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、甘蓝夜蛾毒杀效果差异显著。饲毒后第2天,甘蓝夜蛾对复合剂较敏感;饲毒后第3天对复合剂敏感性均增强;饲毒后第4天,甘蓝夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾死亡率均在80%以上,斜纹夜蛾死亡率在60%以上。     

甘蓝型油菜MYB28转录因子对根肿菌和水杨酸的响应特征

MYB转录因子参与植物的生长发育和逆境胁迫过程,在植物防御相关信号反应中起着重要的调控作用。 为了明确MYB28在油菜与根肿菌互作中的作用,对感病甘蓝型油菜中双11中MYB28家族基因在根肿菌接种以及 水杨酸处理后的表达模式进行了分析。不同组织表达模式分析显示,相比于根和叶,BnaMYB28 在茎和种子中的表 达水平更高;BnaMYB28 基因在根肿菌和外源水杨酸处理下均有不同程度的表达响应,外源水杨酸处理下Bna⁃ MYB28-1 和BnaMYB28-3 上调表达,BnaMYB28-2 表达则受抑制。根肿菌侵染后,BnaMYB28-1 在整个侵染期表达 量均显著上调,但在加入水杨酸后表达被显著抑制;BnaMYB28-3 表达量在接菌后7 d和28 d显著上调,在关键皮层 侵染期（接菌后14 d）表达量与对照组相比没有变化,但在施加水杨酸处理后表达量显著上调。综上,外源水杨酸能 正向调控BnaMYB28-1 和BnaMYB28-3 表达,BnaMYB28-3 可能通过水杨酸信号路径参与油菜与根肿菌的互作。     

枯草芽孢杆菌XF-1中脱乙酰几丁质酶在大肠杆菌中的表达及其抑茵活性

根据脱乙酰几丁质酶同源基因序列设计引物,扩增、克隆和测序了枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillussubtilis菌株XF-1的脱乙酰几丁质酶基因（CSrlo该基因编码区为834bp,编码由277个氨基酸组成的约30kD的蛋白质,其基因序列与枯草芽孢杆菌菌株B168的脱乙酰几丁质酶基因的相似性达到99％,氨基酸序列相似性为98％,在第19、47、60、256和257位的氨基酸发生了变化,分别由异亮氨酸代替了菌株B168脱乙酰几丁质酶中的甲硫氨酸、缬氨酸代替了谷氨酸、苏氨酸代替了异亮氨酸、天冬氨酸代替了谷氨酸、赖氨酸代替了天冬酰胺。菌株xF一1对稻瘟病菌Magnaportheoryzae和芸薹根肿菌Plasmodiophorabrassicae有抑制作用,而菌株B168没有。菌株xF－1和B168的CSFI基因在大肠杆菌Escherichiacoli中的表达产物均具有脱乙酰几丁质酶活性,但前者的表达产物对稻瘟病菌及芸薹根肿菌具有抑制作用,而后者没有。表明脱乙酰几丁质酶是xF－1抑制根肿病作用机制之一,且上述5个氨基酸替代可能与抑菌机制有关。     

东北地区大白菜根肿病菌生理小种鉴定

采用Williams鉴别系统的4个鉴别寄主(2 个芜菁甘蓝品种Laurentian和Wilhelmsburger,2 个结球甘蓝品种Jersey Queen和Badger Shipper),于2011—2012年连续2年对采自黑龙江、吉林、辽宁的11个大白菜根肿病主要发病区域的病原菌进行了生理小种鉴定。结果表明,东北地区大白菜根肿病菌主要种群均为4号生理小种。