Somatic embryogenesis in Cymbopogon pendulus and evaluation of clonal fidelity of regenerants using ISSR marker

An efficient plant propagation system through somatic embryogenesis was established in Cymbopogon pendulus, an aromatic grass followed by analysis of genetic status of regenerants using ISSR markers. Optimum embryogenic callus induction was observed on MS basal medium supplemented with 13.57 μM 2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) with 8.88 μM N⁶-benzyladenine (BA). Subsequent culturing of embryogenic calli on MS medium containing 4.52 μM 2,4-D and 8.88–13.32 μM BA gave maximum number of somatic embryos. Addition of coconut water (CW) promoted induction, growth and differentiation of callus and somatic embryogenesis. Further development of embryos into plantlets was achieved on MS medium supplemented with lower concentration of biotin and calcium pantothenate (CaP) along with BA (4.44–13.32 μM) and kinetin (2.32–4.65 μM). The root meristems were established on half strength MS medium containing 2% sucrose and 2.46–9.84 μM Indole3-butyric acid (IBA) and successfully established in soil with 77.8% survival rate in field condition. Thirteen randomly selected regenerated clones were screened using six ISSR primers. Nine clones produced similar monomorphic amplification profiles while remaining clones showed minor variation with absence of certain parental bands and appearance of unique band. Majority of the regenerants maintained genetic fidelity with the generation of few variants as evidenced from similarity matrix estimates using Nei Li's coefficient of similarity data.     

Effect of fruit load on 9,10-ketol-octadecadienoic acid (KODA), GA and jasmonic acid concentrations in apple buds

The relationship between 9,10-ketol-octadecadienoic acid (KODA), GAs and jasmonic acid (JA) and flower bud formation influenced by fruit load in apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) was investigated. The endogenous KODA and JA concentrations in apical buds in plants subjected to flower thinning treatment (FTT), under which all flowers were removed were higher than those in plants subjected to heavy crop treatment (HCT), under which the number of leaves per fruit was adjusted to 20 from 60 to 120 days after full bloom (DAFB). In contrast, the gibberellic acid concentrations [total of gibberellin A₁ (GA₁) and gibberellin A₄ (GA₄)] in FTT plants were low compared with those in HCT plants. The result suggests that KODA and JA in contrast to GAs may have opposite effects on flower bud formation which is significantly influenced by fruit load in apples and that KODA and JA may also be associated with flower bud formation in apples.     

几种植物生长调节剂对决明种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

分别采用GA3、6-BA和NAA处理决明(Cassia obtusifolia L.)种子,结果表明:GA3、6-BA、NAA可提高种子发芽率、发芽势和活力指数,还可增加幼苗的根数、全株鲜重和干重,三种植物生长调节剂都能够调节决明幼苗的生长发育,其中100mg/L对决明种子发芽和幼苗生长的作用效果最好。     

碳源及植物生长调节剂对亳芍愈伤组织生长和芍药苷积累的影响

[目的]研究不同碳源和植物生长调节剂对亳芍愈伤组织生长和芍药苷积累的影响。[方法]以亳芍根茎为外植体,改变培养基中碳源(蔗糖、果糖、葡糖糖、麦芽糖、可溶性淀粉)和植物生长调节剂种类(6-BA、NAA、2,4-D),考察亳芍愈伤组织增长量和芍药苷积累量。[结果]碳源中,对亳芍愈伤组织的增长量以蔗糖最高,葡糖糖最有利于芍药苷积累;组合使用植物生长调节剂6-BA、NAA和2,4-D比单独使用6-BA更有利于愈伤组织生长和芍药苷积累,但高浓度的2,4-D抑制愈伤组织生长和芍药苷积累。[结论]确定了亳芍愈伤组织生长和芍药苷积累的最佳碳源和植物生长调节剂组合,为葡萄糖30 g/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L。     

甘肃省民勤地区甜高粱种植气象条件分析

经过比较分析,民勤地区的平均温度、积温、日照等气象条件适宜种植甜高粱。种植时间宜从每年5月上旬开始,出苗时间要推后到每年的晚霜冻出现。民勤地区早霜冻出现时间较晚,平均无霜期达到153 d,因此不会影响到甜高粱的成熟收割。民勤地处干旱荒漠地区,降水量远不能满足甜高粱生长需水要求,因此种植甜高粱必须采取覆膜种植和浇水灌溉等措施。     

Jasmonic acid and abscisic acid play important roles in host–pathogen interaction between Fusarium graminearum and wheat during the early stages of fusarium head blight

The effect of phytohormones on the defense response of wheat against Fusarium graminearum infection was investigated. Infection of heads with F. graminearum induced accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole acetic acid (IAA). Exogenous phytohormone treatments showed crosstalk between them and a complex effect on expression of the genes ATB2, ExpB6, LEA Td16, PR1, Pdf1.2, PR4. JA treatment reduced F. graminearum growth and fusarium head blight (FHB) symptoms while an increase in FHB was observed with ABA. Transient down-regulation of allene oxide synthase (AOS) supports a complex role for JA in wheat head.     

氮肥对大通河上游退化草地的影响

为提高祁连县高寒草地草场牧草产量、有效恢复轻度退化草地,采用随机区组试验,以尿素作为氮源,探讨不同氮肥水平对祁连地区轻度退化草地群落结构、地上植物量以及土壤养分的影响。结果表明：不同施氮水平处理的高寒草地植物群落物种丰富度、多样性指数均减少,植被盖度、高度显著增加（P<0.05）,地上植物量与禾草地上植物量显著提高（P<0.05）。随着施氮量增加全磷含量、速效氮含量、有机质含量呈逐渐增加趋势,而速效磷呈先增加后减小趋势,pH值呈逐渐减小趋势。结论：施氮对高寒草地土壤养分有改善作用,150 kg·hm^-2为最适施肥量。     

微波处理构建不感染内生真菌德兰臭草种群的方法探讨

微波技术会对生物组织产生一定的生物学效应。为了研究微波技术对德兰臭草（Melica transsilvanica）内生真菌的去除效果,采用微波中低档对感染内生真菌的德兰臭草种子进行不同时间的杀菌处理,通过显微镜检结合植株内生真菌分离技术、种子萌发指标、植株生长指标评价内生真菌去除效果。结果表明,输出功率300 W的微波处理30 s能有效杀灭种子中的内生真菌,并对种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均无显著影响;微波处理10 s,20 s分别降低植株带菌率的10.7%,25%,并且对植株生长有促进作用;微波处理较长时间（40 s及以上时间）虽能有效杀灭种子中的内生真菌,但对种子萌发、植株生长有抑制作用。因此,微波处理种子技术是一种有效、简便、可行的内生真菌去除技术。     

刺槐人工林土壤团聚体稳定性与群落特征的相关分析

本研究对黄土丘陵区20,25,40和50年人工刺槐林土壤团聚体稳定性与植物群落特征相关性进行了分析,结果表明,刺槐群落的总物种数和细根密度对土壤团聚体水稳定性有显著影响（R²≥0.96）,物种多样性和禾本科物种数对土壤团聚体机械稳定性作用明显（R²≥0.97）,刺槐群落特征影响土壤团聚体稳定性。     

典型草原开垦弃耕后不同年限群落植物多样性和空间结构特征

本文旨在研究不同退耕年限下典型草原群落空间结构和植物多样性的变化特征。以长武王东沟流域不同退耕年限的典型草原为研究对象,采用空间序列代替时间序列的方法,对植物群落空间结构和植物多样性的变化特征进行了调查和研究,旨在为草地恢复和管理提供一定的理论基础。结果表明,随着退耕年限的增加,群落高度、盖度、多样性指数、地上生物量、平均个体大小和禾草类功能群所占比例均显著增加（P<0.05）,而群落均匀度指数、密度均显著降低（P<0.05）。在演替的过程中,群落中主要植物种的优势地位发生了明显的替代变化,由演替初期的冰草（Agropyron cristatum）、散穗早熟禾（Poa subfastigiata）,经过中期的异燕麦（Helictotrichon schellianum）、散穗早熟禾,到演替后期的散穗早熟禾。植物群落的空间结构也发生了显著变化,由初期的高密度、小个体分布到后期的低密度、大个体分布。退耕时间对草地群落的物种组成、空间结构及系统功能等方面均存在显著影响。