Heat stress-induced mucosal barrier dysfunction is potentially associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in pigs

Heat stress(HS)can be detrimental to the gut health of swine.Many negative outcomes induced by HS are increasingly recognized as including modulation of intestinal microbiota.In turn,the intestinal microbiota is a unique ecosystem playing a critical role in mediating the host stress response.Therefore,we aimed to characterize gut microbiota of pigs’exposure to short-term HS,to explore a possible link between the intestinal microbiota and HS-related changes,including serum cytokines,oxidation status,and intestinal epithelial barrier function.Our findings showed that HS led to intestinal morphological and integrity changes(villus height,serum diamine oxidase[DAO],serum D-lactate and the relative expressions of tight junction proteins),reduction of serum cytokines(interleukin[IL]-8,IL-12,interferongamma[IFN-g]),and antioxidant activity(higher glutathione[GSH]and malondialdehyde[MDA]content,and lower superoxide dismutase[SOD]).Also,16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that although there was no difference in microbial a-diversity,some HS-associated composition differences were revealed in the ileum and cecum,which partly led to an imbalance in the production of short-chain fatty acids including propionate acid and valerate acid.Relevance networks revealed that HS-derived changes in bacterial genera and microbial metabolites,such as Chlamydia,Lactobacillus,Succinivibrio,Bifidobacterium,Lachnoclostridium,and propionic acid,were correlated with oxidative stress,intestinal barrier dysfunction,and inflammation in pigs.Collectively,our observations suggest that intestinal damage induced by HS is probably partly related to the gut microbiota dysbiosis,though the underlying mechanism remains to be fully elucidated.     

松辽黑猪染色体组型及显带的研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养方法以及C-显带和G-显带技术,对松辽黑猪进行了染色体组型分析及显带研究,并分析了各号染色体的相对长度、着丝点指数及臂比。结果表明,松辽黑猪的染色体数目为2n=38,公猪为3:8,XY;母猪为3:8,XX。松辽黑猪的C-带具有多态性,G-带带型与其他家猪相比没有明显差异。     

蚯蚓与植物联合去除猪粪中的Cu,Zn污染研究

由于饲料添加剂的使用,畜禽粪便中的重金属污染已非常普遍,尤其是Cu,Zn污染最为显著。为此,利用蚯蚓对腐熟猪粪进行处理,再通过植物对蚓粪中Cu,Zn吸收的方法,进行了消除猪粪中重金属的研究。结果表明,蚯蚓对猪粪Zn有较强的吸收能力,富集系数为1.43;而对Cu的吸收能力相对较弱,富集系数为0.61。植物对Cu,Zn的吸收贡献不大,但可以作为饲料返回到动物体内,从而减少饲料添加剂中Cu,Zn的含量。通过蚯蚓与植物的联合处理,能有效地降低腐熟猪粪中Cu,Zn的含量。     

猪MB基因外显子3的多态性分析

以MB基因作为影响猪肉肉色的候选基因,利用PCRS-SSCP技术,以野猪、野家杂种猪、民猪、大白猪、长白猪5个猪种为研究对象.根据GenBank上猪的MB序列设计了3对引物,对此基因的3个外显子进行SNPs检测.基因型检测结果表明:MB基因在第1、第2外显子上没有发现多态,在第3外显子上检测到了多态.在第3外显子上的第437 bp处存在一个T→C的碱基突变,该突变未导致氨基酸的改变,属沉默突变.经计算各基因型频率、基因频率和试验统计表明:随野猪、野家杂种猪、民猪、长白猪、大白猪肉色的变浅,等位基因N的基因频率也呈下降趋势.     

猪生长激素基因与白介素-4基因在小鼠体内的表达效应

比较研究了阳离子脂质体包裹VpGH、VpGH联合VpIL-4以及脂质体(对照)腹腔注射昆明小鼠的增长效应与免疫应答。结果表明:VpGH联合VpIL-4注射小鼠的增重幅度与VpGH注射小鼠相比出现负增长;在血清GH水平上VpGH注射小鼠、VpGH联合VpIL-4注射小鼠两组之间无明显差异;在白细胞数量、红细胞数量上VpGH注射小鼠、VpGH联合VpIL-4注射小鼠两组之间无明显差异。在IgG表达上各组均无显著差异。     

生猪养殖阶段可追溯系统的天线设计

[目的]针对生猪养殖阶段特点,设计基于RFID技术的畜产品可追溯系统。[方法]阐述电子标签和读写器的天线设计方法,并采用不同的天线对可追溯系统进行通信测试。[结果]数据传输率等参数设置相同时,外接天线的通讯距离比PCB天线要远;3种外接天线比较而言,同轴天线和壁挂天线的通讯距离较远;500kbps数据传输卒时通讯距离在28m范围内,250kbps数据传输率时通讯距离在40m范围内。从硬件成本角度考虑,壁挂天线价格远高于同轴天线,在相同通讯距离要求时,系统选用同轴天线。[结论]在生猪养殖阶段采用该研究设计的有源电子标签和读写器,可提高猪肉产品的安全性,并对彻底实现食品的“源头”追踪和提供食品安全的透明化管理提供技术支撑。     

罗格列酮和血清对猪前脂肪细胞诱导分化过程中PPARα和PPARγ基因表达的影响

[目的]探讨罗格列酮和血清对猪前脂肪细胞诱导分化过程中PPARα和PPARγ基因表达的影响。[方法]利用胶原酶消化法分离了猪皮下前脂肪细胞,采用3种不同分化培养液对猪前脂肪细胞进行了诱导分化,借助油红O染色提取法比较了不同分化培养液对分化过程中细胞内脂肪含量变化的影响,并运用实时定量RT-PCR方法检测了不同分化培养液细胞分化过程中PPARα和PPARγ基因表达的变化趋势。[结果]细胞内脂肪聚积以含罗格列酮的MⅡ最快,不含罗格列酮的MⅠ最慢。罗格列酮可极显著上调PPARγ基因的表达（P〈0.01）,而对PPARα基因的表达存在一定的抑制作用,但不显著。血清对PPARγ基因的表达有极显著的上调作用（P〈0.01）,而对PPARα基因的表达有极显著下调作用（P〈0.01）。[结论]罗格列酮可极大地促进PPARγ基因的表达,继而增进细胞内脂肪沉积;血清中可能存在PPARγ基因的激活剂,同时存在PPARα基因的抑制因子。     

长白猪肝脏、肾脏和淋巴结的显微形态及糖原PAS反应研究

[目的]对商品长白猪的组织形态学进行研究,了解商品长白猪宰前的生理状态。[方法]采集长白猪的肝脏、肾脏和淋巴结3种组织器官并制成石蜡切片,采用H.E染色方法对其组织结构进行研究。[结果]肾脏和肝脏的组织结构形态正常,肾脏和肝脏的细胞核染色明显,淋巴结的皮质和髓质分界不清晰,周围组织没有明显的淋巴索,淋巴窦较小。糖原PAS染色结果表明肝脏中的糖原颗粒较少,分布不均匀,而肾脏中糖原或糖蛋白多集中于血管球和肾小囊壁上。[结论]该研究可为今后进一步的商品长白猪理论研究奠定基础。     

微生物发酵菌剂对猪粪堆肥腐熟的影响

研究了添加微生物发酵菌剂对猪粪堆肥腐熟的影响。结果表明,添加微生物发酵菌剂堆肥温度第6d达到50℃,50℃以上持续时间达7d,符合粪便无害化卫生标准要求,C/N第20d下降为19.7∶1,第25d NH4+-N含量减少至72.6mg/kg,水溶性碳降低至4.7g/kg,种子发芽指数达到81.4%,上述指标均达到腐熟要求;对照堆肥温度第12d达到50℃,50℃以上持续时间为3.5d,第25d C/N为22.8∶1,NH4+-N含量为973.4mg/kg,水溶性碳含量为12.8g/kg,种子发芽指数为47.5%,均未达到腐熟要求;此外,添加菌剂处理堆肥物理性状明显改善,臭味明显减少。说明接种微生物发酵菌剂能明显加速堆肥的腐熟进程。     

Isolation, Identification of Differentially Expressed Sequence Tags in the Backfat Tissue from Meishan, large White and Meishan×Large White Cross Pigs

In order to detect the molecular mechanism of heterosis in pigs, the mRNA differential display technique was performed to investigate the differences of gene expression in the backfat tissue from Meishan,Large White and Meishan×Large White cross pigs.Nine 3'-end anchored primers in combination with ten 5'-end arbitrary primers were used to perform the differential display PCR and nearly 3 000 reproducible bands were examined .Fifteen expressed sepuence tags that were differentially expressed were isolated and then isdentifide through semi-quantitative RT-PCR.BLAST analysis revealed that the fifteen expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were ntt homologous to any of the known porcine genes or ESTs. These novel ESTs were then submitted to GenBank.