餐厨废弃物厌氧发酵工艺优化

[目的]考察温度、有机负荷、接种量3个关键参数对餐厨废弃物厌氧发酵过程的综合影响。[方法]采用正交试验法综合考察了批量式发酵过程餐厨废弃物产沼气及降解效果,并进行了验证试验。[结果]温度是影响餐厨废弃物厌氧发酵的显著因素;最佳发酵条件为温度35℃、接种量350 g、有机负荷40 g,在此条件下发酵产气中平均CH4含量可达68.75%,TS产气率及VS产气率分别为661.96和708.97 m L/g,能源转化效率可达79.92%。[结论]可为以餐厨废弃物为原料的沼气工程提供技术参考。     

小麦生长发育模型WheatSM参数优化及适用性分析

为分析WheatSM模型区域业务应用的适用性,采用EFAST全局敏感性分析方法,对WheatSM模型的小麦生长发育参数进行分析,筛选出了影响模型模拟效果的10个敏感参数,即冬小麦各发育阶段的基本发育系数(K1、K21、K22和K3)、出苗至越冬期的温度系数(P21)、越冬至拔节期的光周期系数(Q2)、抽穗后的光合产物向籽粒的转运效率(TR2)、比叶面积(SLA),以及拔节至抽穗期的穗干物质分配系数(PcEar34)和抽穗至成熟期的叶干物质分配系数(PcLeaf45)。然后,基于农业气象观测数据,利用SCE-UA全局优化算法,对敏感参数进行优化和率定。结果表明,模型对出苗期模拟具有很高的精度,RRMSE0.5%,R20.9,其对抽穗期、拔节期的模拟效果尚可,对越冬期的模拟效果最差;模型模拟的干物质和LAI与观测数据的相关性较高,但相对误差较大,精度为75.0%左右。     

木材及木质材料切削刀具刃口磨损模型的建立

在木材和木质材料的切削加工的过程中,刀具刃口磨损是相当复杂的。文中对刀具的磨损进行了详细的描述, 引入刀尖磨损值SV、磨损宽度B、磨损程度h1、微小后角αm、以及磨损体积V等概念,建立了木材及木质材料切削刀具刃口磨损的模型。指出用专门磨损量可以描述一对刀具／工件的磨损特性。     

马氏珠母贝不同地理种群内自繁和种群间杂交子一代形态性状参数及相关性分析

比较分析了马氏珠母贝不同地理种群内自繁产生的3个子一代群体(BB1、DD1、SS1)和不同地理种群间杂交产生的3个子一代群体(BD1、BS1、DS1)的11个形态性状、壳厚指数、壳重指数和肥满度。壳厚、壳重、总体重和绞合线深与壳长幂值之间的相关关系非常显著,壳宽和绞合线长与壳长对数值之间的相关关系非常显著。为解决我国海水珍珠养殖存在的主要问题,提出了我国马氏珠母贝选育的目标应该是提高生长速度和抗病力,兼顾提高珍珠的质量。壳长、总体重和壳重应该在马氏珠母贝选育过程中作为指示生长速度的主要形态性状指标。     

高秆作物立式割台双螺旋输送器参数优化

分析了双螺旋机构立姿输送长茎秆作物的机理;利用室内试验台,通过正交试验找出了影响输送效果的显著因素,通过回归试验找出了显著因素的较优参数值：螺旋输送器转速为319r/min,上下螺旋输送器距离575mm, 螺旋输送器叶片顶端相对动刀水平距离10mm,叶片升角30°。进行了该组参数下的验证试验,综合评价指标达到89.8,能够较好地适应玉米秸秆的立姿输送要求。     

Effects of Four Pesticides on Grain Growth Parameters of Rice

Effect of four commonly used pesticides, triadlmefon, jingganmycin, triazoplos and imidacloprid, on grain growth parameters was examined using a growth equation in the present paper. Two hundreds of spikes, not damaged by pests were simultaneously marked per plot during the heading stage of rice. Rice plants were sprayed at 1 d after marking.Thereafter, 20 spikes were sampled at 4 d intervals and dried in an oven. Then, 10 superior and inferior grains were picked from each spike, and brown rice was weighed after shelling, respectively. First, second and third order derivates were deduced from the following grain growth formula:W=K/1+ea-bt , where W was the weight of 100 grains brown rice at time t; K was maximum of grain growth; a and b were parameters of the formula. The parameters were calculated as following:R0=Kbea/ (1 + ea)2 ,△ t=t2-t1,GT=bk/4(t2-t1)=Vmax(t2-t1),Vmax=bk/4Where R0, △t, GT and Vmax were initial growth power, active growth stage, accumulative weight of dried content during △ t and maximum growth rate, respectively. The result showed that GT and K of superior grain following 22.5 and 45 ga.i. ha-1 of imidacloprid sprays were significantly reduced, and △t was significantly decreased for 112.5 and 225ga.i. ha-1 jingganmycin treatments. In addition, the high dose of imidacloprid significantly reduced the weight of 1 000 rice grains by 9.77%. However, there was no significant difference for the weight of 1 000 grains between the high dose of jingganmycin and thecontrol, indicating that effective duration of jingganmycin on grain filling was shorterthan that of imidacloprid.     

内旋流加速旋风集尘器的结构及其参数优化

内旋流加速旋风集尘器提高了粉尘率，减少了系统阻力，防止了粉尘粘壁。文章介绍了内旋流加速旋风集尘器的结构型式和工作原理，对集尘器的结构参数进行了试验和优化     

基于蠕变率参数的车辙试验评价指标研究

国外多数车辙试验选择了车辙深度或相对变形作为评价沥青混合料抗车辙能力的指标,我国和日本采用动稳定度指标.实际上采用什么指标主要取决于混合料本身抗车辙的性能,其次是对混合料性能的区分度.为了能够客观地验证和说明这个问题,在试验研究的基础上,探讨和分析了蠕变率参数对车辙试验的影响.     

Analyses of Numerical Responses and Main Life Parameters for Determining the Suppression of Amblyseius cucumeris on Panonychus citri

In this paper, the numeral response and main parameters of experimental population life table were analyzed for determiningthe suppressing ability of Amblyseius cucumeris on Panonychus citri. The result showed that: (1) Under 21-31 ℃ and 1-9 prey densities/leaf fragment condition, the prey consumptions ofA. cucumeris increased with the temperature or prey density; (2) In 1:3 predator-prey ratio treatment, the suppression ofP. citri (Ro=34.0053; T=19.4369; t=3.8204) was rather weak, it was enhanced as the ratio over 5:30, and the populations ofP. citri in these treatments can be fully controlled within 4-5 days; (3) Under 25±1℃, 80-85% RH and 15L: 9D illumination conditions, the net reproductive rate, mean generation duration and the time for population double increase ofP. citri (Ro=34.0053; T=19.4369; t=3.8204) were higher than those ofA. cucumeris (Ro=21.8750; T=16.8943; t=3.7954). While the intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of increase of the former (rm=0.1814; λ= 1.1989) were lower than those of the latter (rm=0.1826; λ= 1.2004). These results indicated that A. cucumeris is a desirable bio-control agent to suppress P. citri at lower population stage in citrus orchard.     

烟草行业水松纸打孔参数的非接触光学测量方法研究

[目的]快速准确地测量水松纸打孔参数。[方法]设计了一种基于图像采集数字处理的测量方法。针对水松纸打孔边缘形状不规则的特性,开发出一种针对性滤波、边缘提取的图像处理方法。[结果]试验设计的测量水松纸打孔参数的方法提高了不规则形状水松纸的检测精度,对水松纸打孔参数的检测精度达0.01 mm。[结论]此方法克服了目前测量方法误差大、操作繁琐、人为因素影响大等缺陷,提高了检测结果的准确性和检测效率。