PGPR复混肥料对旱地甘蔗的施用效应

对4个不同配方的PGPR(侧孢芽孢杆菌)复混肥料在旱地甘蔗上进行比较试验.结果表明,PGPR有明显增产增糖增收效果,蔗茎产量比对照增产幅度为11401～15932kg/hm2 ,增产11.7%～16.3%;含糖量比对照增产幅度为1529～2386kg/hm2 ,增产11.1%～17.3%;农业收入比对照增值幅度为2879～4947元/hm2,增值12.9%～17.7%;工业产值比对照增值幅度为5151～8351元/hm2,增值11.6%～18.8%.     

植物根际促生细菌(PGPR)分离筛选与鉴定

[目的]从不同作物根际土壤中筛选对黄瓜和番茄有明显促生效应的植物根际促生细菌(PGPR).[方法]从番茄、黄瓜、茄子、辣椒四种蔬菜作物的根际土壤中进行分离,测定菌株的促生能力,获得优势广适菌株,再根据菌体形态、培养特征及16S rDNA部分序列分析进行鉴定.[结果]共分离得到24株细菌菌株,经平皿初筛,分别筛选出对黄瓜幼苗、番茄幼苗生长有显著促生作用的细菌11和5株,再经营养钵促生实验筛选出2株对黄瓜、番茄幼苗均具有显著促生作用的PGPR菌,经16S rDNA序列分析,分别为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和布克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia).[结论]所筛选细菌对黄瓜和番茄幼苗有显著促生作用,为进一步构建PGPR广适菌群提供了菌株资源.     

菌根真菌与植物根际微生物互作关系研究

菌根真菌是自然生态系统中最重要的功能群之一,深入研究和揭示它与植物根际微生物间的互作关系,对进一步利用和调控根围微生物的相互作用,促进植物生长,维持农林生态系统的稳定具有重要意义。菌根真菌与某些根际有益微生物(如MHB、PGPR)具有协同促生关系。这些有益微生物可通过改变根际土壤微环境、提高根系对菌根真菌侵染的感受性等为菌根菌在根部的定殖创造有利条件;而菌根真菌则可通过改变根际土壤pH值、根际营养等方面影响根际微生物的群落结构。菌根真菌与土壤微生物通过相互促进或抑制,对宿主植物产生影响。目前,国内外关于菌根真菌与根际微生物互作中二者相互识别、协同作用的机理研究还处于探索阶段。快速发展的分子生物学技术为研究菌根围微生态区系提供了新的途径,将有助于科学有效地研究菌根围微生物之间的互作机制。     

植物根际促生菌对大蒜的促生、抗病作用研究

为了研究不同剂量的植物根际促生菌(PGPR)对大蒜生长时期的促生和抗病作用,以盆栽种植的大蒜种子为试材,用计数法计算其发芽率和常规测量法测定其株高;再用土壤温湿度检测仪测定种植所用土壤养分含量。与CK组相比,实验组B（施用4 g菌肥）铵态氮提高117.60%,有效钾提高593.15%,实验组C（施用6 g菌肥）速效磷提高238.77%;而实验组C的大蒜的发芽率提高15.17%,幼苗株高提高20%,叶绿素含量提高11.04% (P<0.05),这说明了PGPR对大蒜生长有促进作用。大蒜根腐病菌与植物根际促生菌的拮抗试验结果表明在30℃暗培养下,菌肥浓度为10^-2时有害微生物指数下降25%,表明其抑菌效果显著。本研究结果表明PGPR对大蒜促生作用显著,同时具有一定抗病效果,在农业发展中具有潜在的经济价值。     

Influence of an indigenous European alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn) rhizobacterium (Bacillus pumilus) on the growth of alder and its rhizosphere microbial community structure in two soils

Europeanalder seedlings were inoculated with a suspension of the putative plant growthpromoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) Bacillus pumilus (CECT5105), or left non-inoculated (controls) in two different soils, and grownundercontrolled conditions. Soil A showed a thick texture, slightly acidic with ahigh mineral nitrogen content, while soil B showed a thin texture, basic andwith a lower nitrogen content. At each sampling time, over an 8-week period,shoot and root systems of the plants were measured, nodules counted, and shootand root length and surface were determined. In addition, changes in themicrobial rhizosphere structure were evaluated by the phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) profile extracted directly from the rhizosphere soil. The increasesdetected in shoot surface were significant only in soil A, while the rootsystemwas affected in both soils. In soil A, inoculation with B.pumilus caused a perturbation that subsequently disappeared, whilethe rhizosphere community structure was seriously altered in soil B. Allbiometric parameters were enhanced to a greater extent in soil A, in which theinoculum did not alter the existing rhizosphere communities and nutrientavailability was better.     

盐胁迫油菜根际中含假单胞菌（Pseudomonas spp.1）的氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸 (ACC) 脱氨基酶特征研究

When exposed to biotic or abiotic stress conditions,plants produce ethylene from its immediate precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate(ACC),leading to retarded root growth and senescence.Many plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria contain the enzyme ACC deaminase and this enzyme can cleave ACC to form α-ketobutyrate and ammonium,thereby lowering levels of ethylene.The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize ACC deaminase-producing bacteria from the rhizosphere of salt-stressed canola(Brassica napus L.).Out of 105 random bacterial isolates,15 were able to utilize ACC as the sole source of nitrogen.These 15 isolates were also positive for indole acetic acid(IAA) production.Phylogenetic analysis based on partial 16 S rDNA sequences showed that all isolates belonged to fluorescent Pseudomonas spp.In the canola rhizosphere investigated in this study,Pseudomonas fluorescens was the dominant ACC deaminase-producing species.Cluster analysis based on BOX-A1R-based repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction(BOX-PCR) patterns suggested a high degree of genetic variability in ACC deaminase-producing P.fluorescens strains.The presence of indigenous ACC-degrading bacteria in the rhizosphere of canola grown in saline soils indicates that these bacteria may contribute to salinity tolerance.     

Influence of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on Corn Growth Under Different Fertility Sources

A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on root establishment and biomass production of corn (Zea mays L.) using three fertility sources (poultry litter (PL), biosolids, and urea). Applying PL significantly improved root morphological parameters and increased plant biomass at the V4, V6, and VT growth stages when compared to the other fertility sources. At the V4 stage, PGPR stimulated root growth and enhanced aboveground biomass with urea and PL, while no differences were observed with biosolids. At the V6 stage, PL, biosolids, and urea with PGPR significantly increased some growth parameters (e.g., plant height, leaf area, and root morphology). However, at the VT stage, PGPR’s influence on plant growth was minimal regardless of fertility source. Applying the fertility sources at 135 kg N ha^?1 may have masked PGPR’s influence on corn growth as the plants reached their later vegetative growth stages.     

Amelioration of drought stress in wheat by combined application of PGPR,compost, and mineral fertilizer

Among various abiotic stresses, global drought reduces global growth and yield of wheat. Present research has been designed to ameliorate the adverse effects of drought stress on wheat by combined application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), compost, and mineral fertilizers. In this experiment, the role of fertilizer, compost, and PGPR inoculation to ameliorate drought stress was studied in two wheat varieties at vegetative stage. Water stress adversely affects morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of the wheat plant. Inoculated seed with compost and mineral fertilizer grown in drought condition showed 43% increase in relative water content (RWC) of 9.39% in Membrane Stability Index and 82.20% in chlorophyll as compared to control. Drought affected the accumulation of osmolytes, but PGPR in combination with compost and mineral fertilizer under drought stress triggered higher accumulation of soluble sugar and proline content, i.e., 28.96% and 73.91%, respectively. It is concluded from this research that PGPR in combination with compost and mineral fertilizer considerably reduces the effect of drought on wheat by enhancing the physiological (RWC, membrane stability, chlorophyll content, and water potential) and biochemical (proline and sugar) aspects of the plant.     

不同植被土壤好气性自生固氮菌的时空变化格局及其菌株的初步筛选

主要分析了青皮天然林与木麻黄人工林等其他植被类型在土壤好气性自生固氮菌数量分布方面的差异及较强固氮能力菌株的分离和筛选.在石梅湾的8种不同植被类型样地,于不同季节取样4次,每次均取0～10 cm及10～20 cm两个土层的根际土与根外土,用改良阿须贝培养基、MPN法计数土壤好气性自生固氮菌并初步筛选具有较强固氮能力的菌株.结果表明:本区土壤好气性自生固氮菌的时间分布极不均匀,且空间分布明显受到时间的影响.从时间分布来看,在一个年周期中,4月固氮菌数量最多,而7月最少,两者差异显著,此后数量又逐渐增加;从空间分布来看,随采样时间不同,植被、取样深度、植物根系、样地地势等条件均对土壤好气性自生固氮菌数量分布也有所不同,这些条件归根到底是通过改变土壤的氮素营养供给,土壤的水、热、气条件来影响固氮菌的分布;同时各植被类型的好气性自生固氮菌数量季节变化幅度也有异,处于高级别演替阶段青皮过伐林及混交林的季节变化明显小于较低演替阶段的灌丛、次生青皮林及木麻黄林.研究还分离了15个具有潜在固氮能力的菌株,并筛选出4个固氮能力较强的菌株,为进一步在海防林的建设及青皮林的保护中研究利用植物促生菌做了初步探索和准备.     

复合菌肥代替部分化肥对玉米生长的影响

筛选出5株植物根际菌株与1株根瘤菌制成复合菌肥,将研制的菌肥和1种引进的菌肥替代20%～30%化肥与全量化肥作对比,研究4种肥料处理对单作玉米生长的影响。结果表明：菌株LM4-3、LH12-3、Lx191、Jm92、LHS11和GDB27之间互不拮抗,可制成复合菌肥;自制复合菌肥替代20%化肥用量可使成熟期玉米地上生物量鲜重提高10%,替代20%～30%的化肥可提高4%～8%的籽实产量,优于引进的菌肥;以复合菌肥替代20%～30%的化肥施用于玉米后,玉米生长良好。