银松素类衍生物分子的几何结构和光谱性质

采用密度泛函理论(Density functional theory,DFT)方法研究了7个银松素衍生物分子的结构和光谱性质。在B3LYP/6-311G**理论级别上优化了它们的几何结构,通过频率计算拟合了分子的红外振动光谱:具有共轭芳烃特征的银松素衍生物体系在1650~1450cm-1具有高红外活性的苯环伸缩振动峰,而双键在1690cm-1附近的特征伸缩振动是偶级对称振动,不产生高强度红外光谱吸收峰;在高频区(3830cm-1)观察到羟基的O-H键伸缩振动谱带。采用含时密度泛函理论(Time-dependent Density functional theory,TD-DFT)方法和极化连续介质模型(Polarized Continuum Model,PCM)计算了上述分子在CHCl3溶液中的电子吸收光谱,计算揭示吸收谱带以π→π*跃迁为主,羟基和甲氧基的引入仅起修饰作用。     

转ATCIPK23基因烟草植株钾素营养效率研究

通过考察转ATCIPK23基因烟草植株在不同钾浓度下钾及干物质积累的能力,研究了外源基因的导入对转基因烟草植株钾吸收能力的影响。结果表明,在低钾环境下,转基因株系具有明显的生长优势,烟株发育较快、根系发达、生物量较大、植株的含钾率也有明显提高,随着供钾量的减少,这种差异幅度逐渐增大。当供钾浓度为0.1 mmol·L^-1时,对照品种K326植株的平均钾含量为17.7 g·kg^-1,而转基因品系KA12为23.3 g·kg^-1,KA16为24.6 g·kg^-1,KA21为22.1 g·kg^-1,分别较对照品种增加了31.6%、39.0%和27.7%。钾吸收动力学研究表明,转基因植株与对照品种植株的最大吸收效率（V_max）差别不大,而最低浓度（C_min）与米氏常数（K_M）的差别较为明显。     

攀枝花烟区生石灰施用量与土壤养分及烤烟质量的关系

在攀枝花烟区试验研究酸性土壤施用生石灰对烤烟土壤养分、烤烟产量、产值和烟叶内在化学质量的影响结果表明,在酸性土壤上施用生石灰,对烤烟土壤养分、烤烟产量、产值以及烟叶内在化学成份的变化有明显的影响。其中,当生石灰施用量达到1350 kg/hm2的标准时,土壤养分调节效果最显著,烤烟产量、质量达到最高,烟叶内在化学成份最接近优质烟化学内在指标。     

基于Labview的植物红光吸收动态监测

为了动态监测植物生长过程中对红光的吸收，提出了一种基于Labview光频转换接收探头透射法实时监测植物红光吸收的检测方案，该方案属于无损检测，具有操作安全、简便的特点。     

原子吸收光谱法检测大蒜制品中微量元素锗

[目的]研究不同大蒜制品中锗元素含量的差别。[方法]采用马弗炉灰化样品,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定以金乡紫皮蒜为原料加工而成的黑蒜、蒜蓉辣酱、脱水蒜片、蒜粉、糖醋蒜5种制品中锗的含量。[结果]试验表明,黑蒜中锗含量为1.384 mg/g,蒜蓉辣酱中锗含量为0.784 mg/g,脱水蒜片中锗含量为0.913 mg/g,蒜粉中锗含量为0.956 mg/g,糖醋蒜中锗含量为0.827 mg/g。5种蒜制品中均含有锗元素,其含量由多到少依次为黑蒜、蒜粉、脱水蒜片、糖醋蒜、蒜蓉辣酱。[结论]研究可为大蒜及大蒜制品的开发利用提供参考依据。     

Effect of different inspired fractions of oxygen on F-shunt and arterial partial pressure of oxygen in isoflurane-anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated Shetland ponies

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) on intrapulmonary shunt fraction as measured by F-shunt in ponies during isoflurane anaesthesia.Study designProspective, randomized clinical study.AnimalsA group of 23 adult Shetland ponies undergoing a total of 32 anaesthetic procedures.MethodsPonies were premedicated intravenously (IV) with detomidine (0.01 mg kg^–1) and either morphine (0.1 mg kg^–1) or butorphanol (0.02 mg kg^–1). Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine (2.2 mg kg^–1) and midazolam (0.07 mg kg^–1) administered IV. Ponies were randomly allocated to maintenance of anaesthesia with isoflurane in oxygen (group TH; FiO₂ = 0.95) or a mixture of oxygen and medical air (group TL; FiO₂ = 0.65); all ponies were given a constant rate of infusion of detomidine. Animals were mechanically ventilated to maintain PaCO₂ between 40 and 50 mmHg. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed every 30 minutes. The F-shunt equation was calculated for each time point T0, T30, T60 and T90. Data were analysed using linear mixed model analysis and presented as mean ± standard deviation (p < 0.05).ResultsPaO₂ was greater in group TH than in group TL (TH: 406 ± 90, 438 ± 83, 441 ± 69 and 464 ± 53 mmHg versus TL: 202 ± 90, 186 ± 84, 172 ± 85 and 191 ± 98 mmHg at T0, T30, T60 and T90, respectively; p < 0.0001). In TH, F-shunt was < TL. Significant differences were found at T60 (TH: 13.2% ± 4.3 versus TL: 19.4% ± 8.3; p = 0.016) and T90 (TH: 11.7% ± 3.5 versus TL: 18.6% ± 9.5; p = 0.036).Conclusions and clinical relevanceOur findings do not support a beneficial effect of using a reduced FiO₂ to improve oxygenation in anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated Shetland ponies.     

Dietary mannitol increased the absorption of calcium and magnesium in rats

The effect of mannitol on bone‐related mineral absorption and retention and the mechanism was investigated in this study. Fourteen 8‐week‐old male Wistar rats in experiment 1 and same number and age cecectomized Wistar male rats in experiment 2 were divided into two subgroups of seven animals, respectively, fed diets containing 0 or 4% mannitol for 28 days. Mineral balance tests were determined twice during days 8–12 and days 22–26, and the rats were slaughtered on day 28 both in experiment 1 and experiment 2. The whole caecum and colon were collected with the content to analyse tissue weight, content weight, content's pH and moisture, organic acids' concentration and mineral levels. In experiment 1, Ca absorption and retention and Mg absorption were significantly increased by mannitol feeding during days 8–12. Caecal total weight, tissue weight and content weight were increased, the pH of caecum and colon was reduced, and the concentrations of caecal short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were modified by mannitol feeding. In experiment 2, during days 8–12 and days 22–26, Ca absorption and retention were significantly lowered by mannitol feeding in cecectomized rats; however, mannitol feeding decreased Mg absorption during days 8–12, but did not impact Mg retention. Colonic total weight, tissue weight and content weight were significantly increased, and colonic pH was reduced by mannitol feeding. In conclusion, dietary mannitol increased the absorption of Ca and Mg and the caecum markedly contributed to this promoting effect of mannitol.     

Mineral absorption in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) as compared with the domestic horse

To test whether mineral recommendations for horses are likely to guarantee adequate mineral provision for black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis), we investigated the apparent absorption (aA) of macro- and microminerals in eight black rhinoceroses from three zoological institutions in a total of 32 feeding trials with total faecal collection, with additional data from three unpublished studies (18 feeding trials). Feeds and faeces were analysed for Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Co. The resulting aA coefficients, and the linear relationships of apparently absorbable dietary mineral content to total dietary mineral content [per 100 g dry matter (DM)], were compared with data for domestic horses. Rhinoceroses had significantly higher aA coefficients for Ca and Mg (because of a higher calculated 'true' absorption), and lower ones for Na and K (because of calculated higher endogenous faecal losses). High absorption efficiency for divalent cations is hypothesized to be an adaptation to a natural diet of particularly high Ca:P ratio (approximately 14:1); an effective removal of Ca from the ingesta guarantees sufficient P availability at the fermentation site in the hindgut. Higher faecal losses of Na and K are hypothesized to be linked to a higher faecal bulk per DM intake in black rhinoceroses as compared with horses because of a generally lower digestive efficiency. There were no relevant differences in the absorption patterns of microminerals. In particular, there were no discernable differences in Fe absorption within the rhinoceroses for diets with and without tannin supplementation. Several of the zoo diets assessed in this study were deficient in Cu, Mn or Zn, and most contained excessive levels of Fe when compared with horse requirements. The findings of this study indicate that differences in mineral absorption between occur even between species of similar digestive anatomy; that in particular, Ca absorption might vary between hindgut fermenters with Ca:P ratio in their natural diet; that Na might be a particularly limiting factor in the ecology of free-ranging rhinoceroses; that moderate doses of tannins do not seem to markedly influence mineral absorption; and that diets for captive animals should contain adequate, but not excessive mineral levels.     

利用32P示踪研究马铃薯(合作-88)对磷素营养的吸收及分布规律

应用3 2 P研究“合作 88”马铃薯对磷素营养的吸收和分布规律 ,结果显示 :马铃薯对磷素营养的吸收率随植株的生长而增加。吸收率与栽培生长时间呈显著正相关。磷素主要分布为茎 >根 >叶 ,随生育期茎中含量相对增加 ,而叶中含量相对减少 ,根的不变。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定新资源食品中的硒含量

建立一种简便、快速、准确的食品中硒的测定方法;检测新资源食品芝麻叶、野生四叶参、野生菜葛根、野生葛花及桑蚕蛹中的硒含量。用1mg·mL-1硝酸镍为基体改进剂,加入体积分数为0.1%TritonX-100和0.5%硝酸(1∶1),以改善样液的表面张力。用HITACHIZ-5000型石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪及全自动进样方法进行硒含量测定。石墨炉采用光控升温方式,硒的灰化温度按程序升温方式进行,程序升温分为干燥、灰化、原子化和净化。该方法的测定限为18.6μg/L,精密度为3.26%￣9.29%(RSD),加标回收率为92.1%￣108.8%。该方法具有测定简便、快速和准确等特点,可作为食品中硒含量测定的良好方法。