超声处理鸡蛋壳对废水中磷吸附的影响

为探索鸡蛋壳对废水中磷的去除性能,考察鸡蛋壳用量、pH、初始磷浓度以及超声震荡功率对鸡蛋壳吸附磷性能的影响,同时,对鸡蛋壳吸附过程进行动力学研究。结果表明：鸡蛋壳用量为1．3 g,pH为2,初始磷浓度为24μg／mL,超声震荡功率为100 W 时,对磷的吸附率可达95．54％。其动力学过程遵循Morris 扩散模型。     

低吸油面包糠的制备工艺研究

[目的]制备低吸油率面包糠,以有效利用挂面面头,并为改进油炸食品质量提供新源料。[方法]以挂面面头为主要原料,以吸油率为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,进行4因素3水平正交试验,优化低吸油率面包糠的制备工艺,并比较分析了不同原料制备的面包糠的感官、吸油率、微观特性。[结果]低吸油率面包糠的适宜制备工艺条件为发酵温度28℃,发酵时间2.5 h,烘烤时间30 min,烘烤温度190℃,此条件下面包糠的吸油率为20.41%。面包糠的显微结构致密度与其吸油率高低密切相关。[结论]以挂面面头和面粉为主要原料制备低吸油率面包糠不仅拓展了挂面面头的应用市场,而且为油炸食品提供了新型的涂膜材料。     

磷和不同价态硒对小麦硒吸收转运的影响

【目的】 研究小麦在施磷情况下对不同价态外源硒的吸收及转运规律,阐明小麦对硒吸收与转运的影响,分析不同价态硒在小麦体内的转运与分配。【方法】 采用盆栽试验,研究在施磷条件下硒酸盐和亚硒酸盐处理对小麦硒的吸收与转运。【结果】 低量硒酸盐处理中,低磷和高磷处理较不施磷处理的小麦硒肥利用率分别提高了96%和128%;高量硒酸盐处理中,低磷和高磷处理较不施磷处理的小麦硒肥利用率分别提高了78%和123%。低量亚硒酸盐和高量亚硒酸盐处理中,高磷处理较不施磷处理小麦硒肥利用率降低了50.7%和55.6%。施用硒酸盐时,高磷处理较不施磷处理小麦根、茎、叶及穗的硒含量分别增加了23.0%、17.0%、64.6%和62.1%;施亚硒酸盐时,高磷处理较不施磷处理小麦根、茎、叶及穗的硒含量分别降低了71.3%、72.1%、80.6%和73.8%。施用硒酸盐时,在不施硒、低硒及高硒条件下,高磷处理小麦植株硒富集系数较不施磷处理分别增加28.9%、60.6%和50.5%;施用亚硒酸盐时,在低硒及高硒条件下,高磷处理小麦植株硒富集系数较不施磷处理分别降低65.3%、72.3%。【结论】 磷素可以活化土壤中稳定态硒,提高了硒酸盐的生物有效性。施磷降低了土壤pH值,促使土壤中可溶态硒和可交换态硒转化成铁氧化物态硒和有机态硒,而铁氧化物态硒与有机态硒很难被作物吸收利用,造成当磷肥与亚硒酸盐配施时降低了作物对亚硒酸盐的吸收。     

青橄榄营养成分及加工现状研究进展

我国橄榄种植历史悠久,种类繁多,橄榄果肉、果核以及橄榄叶不仅可食用,亦有药用价值,是卫生部颁布的首批药食两用物种,具有广阔的研究前景。本文对青橄榄中的营养成分及加工现状进行了综述,分析了青橄榄的加工及应用前景,以期为青橄榄的深入研究、精细加工、生产高附加值的橄榄产品提供依据。     

狼尾草等6种植物对十溴联苯醚污染土壤的生理响应及其修复效果

考察了狼尾草、龙葵、空心菜、苣菜、芥菜和鱼腥草6种植物对土壤中十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)的生理响应及其修复效果。结果表明,在BDE-209污染条件下,供试植物体内丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,表明植物受到一定的毒害作用,而在植物抗逆境机制作用下,植物体内可溶性蛋白质含量升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性下降;在供试植物生物量方面,BDE-209对龙葵、空心菜和狼尾草地上部有促进作用,而对苣菜、芥菜具有一定的抑制作用;6种修复植物体内均检测出BDE-209,且地上部与根部BDE-209含量具有显著差异,其中狼尾草根部干重含量高达16.93mg·kg-1;修复60d后,土壤中BDE-209含量均有一定程度的下降,最高去除率可达40.44%,且根际土与非根际土BDE-209去除率有显著差异。修复效果依优劣次序为狼尾草>龙葵、空心菜>鱼腥草>芥菜>苣菜。     

转ATCIPK23基因烟草植株钾素营养效率研究

通过考察转ATCIPK23基因烟草植株在不同钾浓度下钾及干物质积累的能力,研究了外源基因的导入对转基因烟草植株钾吸收能力的影响。结果表明,在低钾环境下,转基因株系具有明显的生长优势,烟株发育较快、根系发达、生物量较大、植株的含钾率也有明显提高,随着供钾量的减少,这种差异幅度逐渐增大。当供钾浓度为0.1 mmol·L^-1时,对照品种K326植株的平均钾含量为17.7 g·kg^-1,而转基因品系KA12为23.3 g·kg^-1,KA16为24.6 g·kg^-1,KA21为22.1 g·kg^-1,分别较对照品种增加了31.6%、39.0%和27.7%。钾吸收动力学研究表明,转基因植株与对照品种植株的最大吸收效率（V_max）差别不大,而最低浓度（C_min）与米氏常数（K_M）的差别较为明显。     

Leaf chlorophyll content as a possible diagnostic mean for the evaluation of plant nitrogen uptake from the soil

The influence of temperature, irradiance, and soil humidity on the nitrogen (N) concentration in some organs, chlorophyll in the leaves, N uptake and accumulation of dry matter in plants of winter wheat was investigated. In the plants grown under equal initial N supplement but in contrasting conditions of the evironment, the correlation between concentration of total N and chlorophyll in the leaves was absent. No interrelationship was found between concentration of total N in the leaves and accumulation of N and dry matter in the whole plants. There is a close correlation between chlorophyll in the leaves, accumulation of total N, and dry matter of the whole plant. It was concluded that chlorophyll is a more stable informative parameter for the estimation of the N uptake from the soil under different growth conditions than leaf N concentration.     

Significance of salt transport patterns in rice varieties differing in salt tolerance

Abstract

The absorption mechanisms for Na, K, SO₄ and Cl were tested in a salt tolerant (PVR 1) and a salt sensitive (GEB 24) rice varieties. The salt tolerant variety accumulated significantly larger amounts of Na than the salt sensitive variety. Further, PVR 1 absorbed SO₄ from Na₂SO₄ in preference to that from K₂SO₄. The absorption patterns for K and Cl were similar in both the varieties. It is concluded that the capacity of plant species to accumulate greater amounts of Na is a reflection of their halophytic feature.     

OK-50特效吸油材料的性能研究

通过试验，将公司自主研发的特效吸油材料OK-50应用于不同的油品吸附中，研究其适用油品种类、吸油量和保油率，得出该材料吸油倍率高，保油率也较高，使用范围较为广泛，应用前景广阔。     

Calcium nutrition of the sugarbeet

Abstract

When sugarbeet seedlings are transferred from a complete nutrient solution to one from which Ca has been withheld, the rootlets and tops fail to develop. The same transfer at the eight‐leaf stage causes the rootlets to become stubby and swollen at the tips and blade expansion becomes modified; particularly the upper portions of the blades attaining nearly full development, which pucker and often develop a cupping or hooding effect; a unique symptom characteristic of Ca deficiency. As each new leaf develops, the blade area becomes smaller until only a black tip remains at the apex of the petiole, which is the symptom referred to as tip‐burn for this petiole and the successively . shorter petioles formed as Ca deficiency increases in severity. Strangely, these symptoms also appear during periods of rapid growth when the nutrient solution contains as much as 10 to 28 milliequivalents per liter of Ca or when soils are high in Ca. This implies that Ca absorption and possibly translocation limits the Ca supply at the growing point. Increasing Mg in the nutrient solution decreases Ca uptake and increases Ca deficiency. Potassium deficiency, unexpectedly, induces Ca deficiency apparently by decreasing the translocation of Ca to the growing point.

These phenomena suggest the hypothesis that when ion absorption takes place from the root exchange site that has the affinity for H > Ca > Mg > K > Na, then the H generated internally replaces, and the roots absorb, Na, K and Mg preferentially. Externally, Ca would be adsorbed preferentially from the nutrient solution by the exchange complex, and with the addition of Mg, it would compete for the common adsorption site of Ca and limit Ca absorption internally. Under these conditions potassium‐deficient nutrient solutions would not induce Ca deficiency by decreasing Ca absorption but rather by decreasing Ca translocation. Theoretically, Ba would replace H more readily than Ca on the exchange complex, and therefore, Ba would be adsorbed preferentially and Ca uptake would increase. This effect of Ba was verified experimentally.

Since the translocation of ⁴⁵Ca to the growing point was found to be unrestricted under Ca‐sufficient and Ca‐deficient conditions and since the formation of insoluble Ca compounds such as phosphate or oxalate did not account for the Ca deficiency at the growing point, the cause of the Ca deficiency at the growing point is most likely the higher priority of the storage root for Ca over tops when leaf blades and storage root are both expanding rapidly. However, Ca retransport from older to younger parts of the sugarbeet plant may be restricted by the formation of Ca phosphate under Ca‐deficient conditions and Ca oxalate under Ca‐sufficient conditions.

Calcium deficiency increases net photosynthesis per unit blade area initially, probably because of blade puckering, but not on a per unit chlorophyll basis.