黄泛区潮土-冬小麦系统中尿素的转化和化肥氮去向

在田间条件下,用~(15)N标记的微区试验法研究了潮土-冬小麦系统中尿素的转化和化肥氮的去向。结果表明:土壤中尿素水解后,主要进行硝化和生物固定,而被粘土矿物固定的量很少;小麦返青后,随着气温上升,生物固定的标记氮不断分解,其量可达总生物固定量的60％。作为基肥条施的尿素,其损失略高于作返青肥或拔节肥表施后随即灌水的处理。氮素损失主要发生在春季气温回升后的生长期间,当季的淋洗损失极微。在较为适宜的用量和施用技术下,化肥氮的损失仍达33—45％,其中以碳酸氢铵为最高,次为硫酸铵和硝酸铵,而尿素和硝酸铵中的硝态氮损失最低。     

水土流失赔偿费征收及其合理使用——防治新的水土流失政策问题的探讨

目前,在我国一些地区,由于不合理的人为社会经济活动作用和影响,新的水土流失正在日益加剧。山东省栖霞县通过调查研究,根据本县实际情况,对防治新的水土流失问题,采取了一系列措施,包括组织、法制、经济等措施。尤其是认真执行了“谁造成水土流失谁治理,谁造成危害谁赔偿”的原则,规定了赔偿费征收的范围和标准。上述综合防治措施,在栖霞县经过几年的实践,收到了较好的效果。     

土壤不同粒级中C、N、P、K的分配及N的有效性研究

本试验首先把７种采自不同省份的耕作土壤进行物理分级,然后测定了土壤Ｃ、Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ在不同粒级中的分布,同时还进行不同粒有中Ｎ的有效笥研究。结果表明：在不同粒级中Ｃ、Ｎ含量和分布均随土壤颗粒的加粗而逐渐下降,血Ｃ／Ｎ比则与此相反。在〈２μｍ粒级中Ｎ的有效性最高,随着土壤颗粒粒和戏的加粗有效性逐渐降低,在酸性土壤中Ｐ主要分布在较细的粒级中,而在石灰性土壤中则粗有效性逐渐降低。在酸性土壤中Ｐ主要分布在较细     

二相流喷雾技术的研究

为了探索设施农业病虫害防治新的施药方法，该文对气液二相流喷雾作了雾化性能与药液物理特性相关性试验，得到了空气压强与气流量、喷雾量、雾滴直径、有效功率、吸液高度、喷口空气过流面积等诸参数之间相互关系，明确了药液粘性和表面张力对雾滴直径、喷雾量的影响程度，其结果为设计二相流喷头提供了依据。     

榆林沟流域水土资源开发利用研究

研究了黄河中游第 4期试点流域——榆林沟流域水土资源与环境优势、水土资源开发利用所存在的问题 ,提出了该流域水土资源开发利用途径 ,并通过措施的对位配置 ,对水土资源开发利用实际效果进行了分析     

浙江省水土流失遥感普查有关技术问题的研究

以Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ９５（９８）为工作平台,以ＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯ地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）及Ｃ语言为支撑软件,开发了包括植被、坡度、土地利用、降雨等因子的水土流失定量分析模型和水土流失信息系统,以卫星遥感ＴＭ数字光盘为主要信息源,对浙江省水土流失状况进行普查研究表明,浙江省水土流失面积较１９８７年普查结果有所减少,但中度以上流失面积明显增加,水土流失总面积中,疏林地流失面积占８６４％,坡耕地流失面积占１１％。     

面向21世纪的海河流域水土保持

海河流域地处京畿要地,严重的水土流失正在成为制的流域经济社会可持续发展的头号环境问题。随着新世纪的来临,流域上下必须把加强水土保持生态环境建设作为一项重大而紧迫的任务,切实搞好水土保持,加大退耕还林还草力度,建设山区高效生态农业,建立京津水源工程上游生态与水质保护区,建立水土保持生态环境建设保障机制。     

浅谈推算和预测宏观尺度土壤N_2O释放量的方法

土壤是N2 O的最主要释放源 .本文综述了根据局部地区土壤N2 O释放观察结果 ,推算和预测宏观尺度土壤甚至全球土壤N2 O释放通量变化和年释放量的方法 ,评述了各类方法的优缺点 ;并着重讨论了释放过程机理模型的应用 .     

C and N turnover in structurally intact soils of different texture

The turnover of native and applied C and N in undisturbed soil samples of different texture but similar mineralogical composition, origin and cropping history was evaluated at −10 kPa water potential. Cores of structurally intact soil with 108, 224 and 337 g clay kg⁻¹ were horizontially sliced and ¹⁵N-labelled sheep faeces was placed between the two halves of the intact core. The cores together with unamended treatments were incubated in the dark at 20 °C and the evolution of CO₂-C determined continuously for 177 d. Inorganic and microbial biomass N and ¹⁵N were determined periodically. Net nitrification was less in soil amended with faeces compared with unamended soil. When adjusted for the NO₃-N present in soil before faeces was applied, net nitrification became negative indicating that NO₃-N had been immobilized or denitrified. The soil most rich in clay nitrified least N and ¹⁵N. The amounts of N retained in the microbial biomass in unamended soils increased with clay content. A maximum of 13% of the faeces ¹⁵N was recovered in the microbial biomass in the amended soils. CO₂-C evolution increased with clay content in amended and unamended soils. CO₂-C evolution from the most sandy soil was reduced due to a low content of potentially mineralizable native soil C whereas the rate constant of C mineralization rate peaked in this soil. When the pool of potentially mineralizable native soil C was assumed proportional to volumetric water content, the three soils contained similar proportions of potentially mineralizable native soil C but the rate constant of C mineralization remained highest in the soil with least clay. Thus although a similar availability of water in the three soils was ensured by their identical matric potential, the actual volume of water seemed to determine the proportion of total C that was potentially mineralizable. The proportion of mineralizable C in the faeces was similar in the three soils (70% of total C), again with a higher rate constant of C mineralization in the soil with least clay. It is hypothesized that the pool of potentially mineralizable C and C rate constants fluctuate with the soil water content.     

长江中下游地区温室内温湿度预测模型的研究

该文利用传热学理论,以温室热平衡模型为基础,分析了温室内温度和湿度的动态模型,并以此建立了室内温湿度预测模型.最后,作者通过SR5.2型连栋塑料温室的实验研究,求出该模型参数,为实现智能温室前馈控制奠定基础.