Myostatin基因5'调控区的多态与猪生长性能的关系

采用PCR-RFLP技术对45头金皮(金华猪×皮特兰猪)F代猪Myostatin基因5'调控区的多态性进行检测,根据酶切结果将其分为AA、TT和AT 3种基因型,结果显示A等位基因频率为0.467,T等位基因频率为0.533.对这些个体进行生长和屠宰性能测定以及对背最长肌进行免疫组化分析,进而采用SPSS程序分析Myo-statin不同基因型对金皮F2代猪生长性状,肌纤维组织学特性及胴体性状的影响.结果表明:Myostatin基因对金皮F2代猪肌纤维直径、MHC Ⅰ型肌纤维比例、肩部背膘厚、眼肌肉色亮度及出生至4月龄平均日增质量的影响均达到显著水平(P＜0.05).     

中外猪种肌生成抑制素基因表达的发育性变化研究

[目的]分析猪肌生成抑制素（MSTN）基因表达的发育性变化规律及中外猪种之间差异,为实现对目标性状的活体早期选育提供理论依据。[方法]采用半定量RT-PCR,检测各生长阶段猪及中外猪种的MSTN相对表达量。[结果]初生猪体内MSTN基因表达量较低3,～30日龄猪体内MSTN基因表达量显著（P〈0.05）,随后MSTN基因表达量随日龄的增长而上降（P〈0.05）。荷包猪MSTN基因mRNA表达水平显著高于大白猪（P〈0.05）。[结论]MSTN基因表达水平具有明显的发育性变化规律,而且中外猪种之间差异显著,种间差异主要表现在30日龄以后。     

Polymorphisms in the promoter region of myostatin gene are associated with carcass traits in pigs

Higher average daily gain, more lean meat yield and less fat yield of porcine carcass increase selling profits for animal producers. Myostatin (MSTN), previously called GDF8, is a member of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily. It is a negative regulator for both embryonic development and adult homeostasis of skeletal muscle. In this study, the genotypes of the previously described SNPs MSTN g.435G>A and g.447A>G SNPs in 66 Duroc pigs, 33 Landrace pigs, 180 Duroc × Landrace (DL) pigs and 155 Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace (DYL) pigs were determined by Taqman SNP Genotyping Assays. For Duroc and Landrace pigs, MSTN g.435GG/g.447AA individual had greater backfat thickness (p < 0.05) than g.435AA/g.447GG individual, whereas MSTN g.435AA/g.447GG had greater meat (p < 0.05) and meat percentage (p < 0.05) than g.435GA/g.447AG individual. For DL and DYL pigs, the MSTN g.435GG/g.447AA animals were greater in backfat at ultrasound 10th rib (p < 0.05) and carcass 10th rib (p < 0.01) than g.435AA/g.447GG individual. The MSTN g.435AA/g.447GG individual also had higher values than g.435GG/g.447AA for anterior‐end meat (p < 0.05), posterior‐end meat (p < 0.01), total meat weight (p < 0.01) and meat percentage (p < 0.01). This study confirmed evidence that MSTN g.435G>A and g.447A>G affected carcass traits in pigs. The effects of the mutated alleles were additive with the maximal effects resulting from two copies of the mutated allele. Selection for MSTN g.435A/g.447G allele is expected to increase muscle of limb and total meat production and decrease backfat thickness.     

Interactions between genes involved in growth and muscularity in pigs: IGF-2, myostatin, ryanodine receptor 1, and melanocortin-4 receptor

In the swine breeding industry, two economical traits are of particular importance in sires, namely, muscle growth and average daily gain (ADG). These traits are quantitative, which implies that they are under the control of multiple genes. Mutations in these genes, associated with either muscularity or growth, are useful quantitative trait nucleotides (QTN) for unraveling genetic variation of these traits and can be used in marker-assisted selection. Until now, QTN involved in muscle growth and/or ADG in pigs were identified in porcine ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1), insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2), and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R). Recently, a fourth possible QTN was found in porcine myostatin (MSTN). All four QTN have an influence on muscle growth and/or somatic growth, so an influence of one mutation on one or more of the other mutations should not be excluded. However, although the polymorphisms in the RYR1 and the MC4R gene affect the function of the respective protein, the polymorphisms of the IGF-2 and MSTN gene influence the mRNA expression of the respective gene. Therefore, this study investigated possible interactions between the genotypes of MSTN, IGF-2, and MC4R (population 1) or the RYR1, IGF-2, and MSTN QTN (population 2) on IGF-2 and MSTN expression in different muscle types in pigs. In both skeletal muscle and heart muscle growth, the IGF-2:MSTN ratio seems to play an important role. Also, the RYR1 genotype had a significant effect on IGF-2 expression in m. longissimus dorsi. No effect of the MC4R QTN could be seen.     

肌肉生长抑制素基因在畜禽肌肉发育调控中的研究进展

肌肉生长抑制素(Myostatin)是主要在骨骼肌中特异性表达的肌肉发育负调控因子,和畜禽的生产性能密切相关.本文综述了Myostadn在畜禽肌肉发育调控中的研究进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望和讨论.     

牛肌肉生长抑制素基因的研究进展

肌肉生长抑制素,属TGF-β超家族,是一种骨骼肌生长发育的负调控因子。其生物活性的丧失或受到抑制,会导致骨骼肌增生从而引起动物肌肉的过度发育,表现为双肌性状。本文综述了MSTN基因的发现、结构特点、作用机制、在牛科物种中的研究进展及其应用前景。     

秦川牛、南阳牛双肌基因的PCR-SSCP检测

运用一对特异性引物对秦川牛、南阳牛myostatin基因的第三外显子进行扩增,应用PCR-SSCP方法鉴定上述两种牛是否携带双肌基因,发现南阳牛中存在有双肌个体,同时提出了牛双肌基因的检测方法。     

MSTN在动物育种中的应用研究进展

肌肉生长抑制素(MSTN)作为转化生长因子β(TGF-β)超家族成员之一,具有抑制骨骼肌生长的功能,本文主要对MSTN基因的结构和特点、作用机制、生物学功能及在畜牧生产中的作用进行综述。     

中华绒螯蟹Myostatin基因在蜕皮过程中的表达分析

本研究通过荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）技术对中华绒螯蟹Myostatin（EsMSTN）基因在不同组织及蜕皮阶段的表达情况进行了分析。结果显示,(1) EsMSTN在C期中华绒螯蟹肌肉组织中的基因表达水平最高,胸神经节和脑神经节中也有较高水平的表达,暗示EsMSTN基因的功能并不局限于肌肉生长的调节。(2) 在不同蜕皮阶段,肌肉中EsMSTN的基因表达水平在AB期最高,D期最低,推测EsMSTN可能正向调节中华绒螯蟹肌肉生长,参与肌肉组织蜕皮后的生长以及蜕皮前的萎缩过程;肝胰腺、上皮组织中EsMSTN的最高基因表达水平都出现蜕皮后的AB期,C期或D期相对表达量最低,这可能与上述器官的细胞增殖主要发生在AB期有关;胸神经节中EsMSTN的表达水平在E期最高,D期最低,暗示EsMSTN正向调节胸神经节中的神经发生。